2022年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题真题及答案

2022年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题真题及答案[问答题]1.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.PassageOne（江南博哥）TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationistheglobalforumforintellectualpropertypolicy,services,informationandcooperation.Onthe26thofAprileveryyear,wecelebrateWorldIntellectualPropertyDaytolearnabouttherolethatintellectualproperty(IP)rightsplayinencouraginginnovationandcreativity.Eachyearwechooseathemethatillustratesjusthowimportantintellectualpropertyistosociety,theeconomyandtooureverydaylives.Thethemeofthisyear’scampaignis“ReachforGold:IPandSports.”SportsarenotnecessarilysomethingthatyouwouldimmediatelyassociationwithIP.Sportshavebecomeamulti-billion-dollarglobalindustry—onethatgeneratesinvestmentinfacilities,employeesmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andentertainsmanymore.BusinessrelationshipbuiltonIPrightshelptosecuretheeconomicvalueofsport.This,inturn,stimulatesthegrowthoftheindustrybyenablingsportingorganizationsfinancetheeventswesavor,andbyprovidingthemeanstopromotesportsdevelopmentatthegrassrootslevel.Today,thankstoadvancesinbroadcastingandcommunicationstechnologiesanyonecanfollowsportingactionaroundtheclock,anywhere,trackingtheperformanceoftheirfavoriteathletesandteamswithoutleavinghome.Buttraditionally,ticketsweresoldtosportsfanstoenteranareatowatchamatch.Atthattime,theexcitementofsportingcompetitiondidnotmovemuchbeyondthearea.Nowthankstoremarkabletechnologicaladvances,millionsandmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcanturninandwatchamatch.Thatprocessofbroadcastingsportingactiontofansinallpartsoftheworld,andtheinvestmentitrequires,rewardsbroadcasterswithanIPright,whichinturnmakesitpossibletofinancethematches.Andyet,thesetechnologicalinnovationsareempoweredandencouragedbyIP.Welookathowsportsbusinessusepatentsanddesignstofosterthedevelopmentofnewsportstechnologies,materials,training,andequipmenttohelpimproveathleticperformance,andengagefansworldwide.Andwefindouthowtrademarksandbrandingmaximizecommercialrevenuefromsponsorship,merchandisingandlicensingagreements.Theserevenuesoffsetthecostoforganizingworldclassevents,suchastheOlympicGamesandWorldCupseries,andensurethatthevalueandintegrityofthesespectaculareventsaresafeguarded.Design,anotherIPright,enablesteams,organizersofsportingcompetitionsandsportsbrandstodevelopandpromotetheiruniqueanddistinctidentityandforfanstodistinguishbetweenthem.Andtrademarks,whichunderpinsportsbranding,areanexceptionallyimportantIPrightforteamsandathletestodifferentiatethemselvesandstandapartinahighlycompetitivemarket.Trademarkrightsarecriticalinallowingindividualsplayersandteamstogainamonetaryrewardfrom,forexample,merchandising-includingapparel,accessories,footwearandmore-andsponsorshipdeals.IPrightsunderlieandempowerthefinancialmodelofallsportingeventsworldwide.IPrightslieattheheartoftheglobalsportsecosystemandallthecommercialrelationshipsthatmakesportshappenandthatallowustotuneintosportingactionwhenever,wherever,andhoweverwewant.Thisyear'sWorldIntellectualPropertyDayCampaigncelebratesthepositiverolethatIPplaysinencouragingsports,awonderfulrangeofpursuitinwhichhumanbeingshavealwaysengagedandwhichenrichourlivesinsomanydifferentways.正确答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考译文】世界知识产权组织是关于知识产权政策、服务、信息与合作的全球论坛。我们将每年的4月26日设立为世界知识产权日，促使各国了解知识产权(IP)在鼓励创新与创造方面的重要作用。每年，我们都会选定世界知识产权日的主题，突显知识产权对社会、经济和人们日常生活的重要性。今年的世界知识产权日活动主题是“奋力夺金：知识产权和体育”。提到体育，你可能无法第一时间将其与知识产权联系起来。体育已经成为一个价值数十亿美元的全球产业，带动相关设施投资，为全球提供数百万个就业岗位，并为更多人带来欢乐。基于知识产权建立的商业关系有助于保障体育产业的经济价值。这可以推动体育组织资助我们喜爱的体育赛事，并且提供促进基层体育发展的方法，从而刺激体育产业增长。如今，由于广播与通信技术的进步，任何人无论身在何地，都可全天候观看体育赛事，足不出户也能追踪最喜欢的运动员和运动队的表现。在过去，体育爱好者需要购买门票才能进入现场观看比赛。当时，体育赛事带来的乐趣几乎无法传递给赛场以外的人们。现在，由于技术飞速发展，全球数以百万计的观众可以观看比赛。广播公司通过向全球体育爱好者播放体育赛事并进行必要投资，获得相关的知识产权，这反过来又为赛事提供了资金。不仅如此，知识产权支持并鼓励技术创新。我们审视体育产业如何利用专利和外观设计来推动体育方面的新技术、新材料、新训练方式和新设备的发展，以帮助提高运动成绩，吸引全球体育爱好者。我们发现商标和品牌是如何通过赞助协议、销售协议和许可协议创造最大的商业收入。这些收入抵消了奥运会、世界杯等世界级赛事的举办成本，并确保此类精彩赛事的价值和完整性得到保障。外观设计也是一项知识产权，帮助运动队、体育赛事组织者和体育品牌确立和宣传自身独一无二的显著特征，方便体育爱好者进行区分。作为体育品牌的基础，商标是一项特别重要的知识产权，促使运动队和运动员在激烈市场竞争中脱颖而出。运动员个人与运动队要从服装、配件、鞋类等商品和赞助交易中获得金钱回报，商标权至关重要。知识产权是全球所有体育赛事财务模式的基础和保障。知识产权是全球体育生态系统的核心，也是促成体育赛事的所有商业关系的核心，而这些商业关系使我们得以随时随地、随心所欲地观看体育赛事。今年的世界知识产权日活动宣传的是知识产权对鼓励体育运动的积极作用，人类一直在参与丰富多彩的体育运动，而体育运动也以多种不同的方式充实人们的生活。解析（1）TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationistheglobalforumforintellectualpropertypolicy,services,informationandcooperation.Onthe26thofAprileveryyear,wecelebrateWorldIntellectualPropertyDaytolearnabouttherolethatintellectualproperty(IP)rightsplayinencouraginginnovationandcreativity.Eachyearwechooseathemethatillustratesjusthowimportantintellectualpropertyistosociety,theeconomyandtooureverydaylives.Thethemeofthisyear’scampaignis“ReachforGold:IPandSports.”SportsarenotnecessarilysomethingthatyouwouldimmediatelyassociationwithIP.世界知识产权组织是关于知识产权政策、服务、信息与合作的全球论坛。我们将每年的4月26日设立为世界知识产权日，促使各国了解知识产权(IP)在鼓励创新与创造方面的重要作用。每年，我们都会选定世界知识产权日的主题，突显知识产权对社会、经济和人们日常生活的重要性。今年的世界知识产权日活动主题是“奋力夺金：知识产权和体育”。提到体育，你可能无法第一时间将其与知识产权联系起来。[分析]“WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization”译为“世界知识产权组织”，“WorldIntellectualPropertyDay”译为“世界知识产权日”。“youwouldimmediatelyassociationwith”译为“你可能无法第一时间将其与…联系起来”。（2）Sportshavebecomeamulti-billion-dollarglobalindustry—onethatgeneratesinvestmentinfacilities,employeesmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andentertainsmanymore.BusinessrelationshipbuiltonIPrightshelptosecuretheeconomicvalueofsport.This,inturn,stimulatesthegrowthoftheindustrybyenablingsportingorganizationsfinancetheeventswesavor,andbyprovidingthemeanstopromotesportsdevelopmentatthegrassrootslevel.体育已经成为一个价值数十亿美元的全球产业，带动相关设施投资，为全球提供数百万个就业岗位，并为更多人带来欢乐。基于知识产权建立的商业关系有助于保障体育产业的经济价值。这可以推动体育组织资助我们喜爱的体育赛事，并且提供促进基层体育发展的方法，从而刺激体育产业增长。[分析]multi-billion-dollar数十亿美元。资助我们喜爱的体育赛事financetheeventswesavor。（3）Today,thankstoadvancesinbroadcastingandcommunicationstechnologiesanyonecanfollowsportingactionaroundtheclock,anywhere,trackingtheperformanceoftheirfavoriteathletesandteamswithoutleavinghome.Buttraditionally,ticketsweresoldtosportsfanstoenteranareatowatchamatch.Atthattime,theexcitementofsportingcompetitiondidnotmovemuchbeyondthearea.Nowthankstoremarkabletechnologicaladvances,millionsandmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcanturninandwatchamatch.Thatprocessofbroadcastingsportingactiontofansinallpartsoftheworld,andtheinvestmentitrequires,rewardsbroadcasterswithanIPright,whichinturnmakesitpossibletofinancethematches.Andyet,thesetechnologicalinnovationsareempoweredandencouragedbyIP.如今，由于广播与通信技术的进步，任何人无论身在何地，都可全天候观看体育赛事，足不出户也能追踪最喜欢的运动员和运动队的表现。在过去，体育爱好者需要购买门票才能进入现场观看比赛。当时，体育赛事带来的乐趣几乎无法传递给赛场以外的人们。现在，由于技术飞速发展，全球数以百万计的观众可以观看比赛。广播公司通过向全球体育爱好者播放体育赛事并进行必要投资，获得相关的知识产权，这反过来又为赛事提供了资金。不仅如此，知识产权支持并鼓励技术创新。[分析]“broadcastingandcommunicationstechnologies”译为“广播与通信技术”。（4）Welookathowsportsbusinessusepatentsanddesignstofosterthedevelopmentofnewsportstechnologies,materials,training,andequipmenttohelpimproveathleticperformance,andengagefansworldwide.Andwefindouthowtrademarksandbrandingmaximizecommercialrevenuefromsponsorship,merchandisingandlicensingagreements.Theserevenuesoffsetthecostoforganizingworldclassevents,suchastheOlympicGamesandWorldCupseries,andensurethatthevalueandintegrityofthesespectaculareventsaresafeguarded.我们审视体育产业如何利用专利和外观设计来推动体育方面的新技术、新材料、新训练方式和新设备的发展，以帮助提高运动成绩，吸引全球体育爱好者。我们发现商标和品牌是如何通过赞助协议、销售协议和许可协议创造最大的商业收入。这些收入抵消了奥运会、世界杯等世界级赛事的举办成本，并确保此类精彩赛事的价值和完整性得到保障。[分析]fosterthedevelopmentof…推动……的发展。offset抵消。spectacularevents精彩赛事。（5）Design,anotherIPright,enablesteams,organizersofsportingcompetitionsandsportsbrandstodevelopandpromotetheiruniqueanddistinctidentityandforfanstodistinguishbetweenthem.Andtrademarks,whichunderpinsportsbranding,areanexceptionallyimportantIPrightforteamsandathletestodifferentiatethemselvesandstandapartinahighlycompetitivemarket.Trademarkrightsarecriticalinallowingindividualsplayersandteamstogainamonetaryrewardfrom,forexample,merchandising-includingapparel,accessories,footwearandmore-andsponsorshipdeals.外观设计也是一项知识产权，帮助运动队、体育赛事组织者和体育品牌确立和宣传自身独一无二的显著特征，方便体育爱好者进行区分。作为体育品牌的基础，商标是一项特别重要的知识产权，促使运动队和运动员在激烈市场竞争中脱颖而出。运动员个人与运动队要从服装、配件、鞋类等商品和赞助交易中获得金钱回报，商标权至关重要。[分析]uniqueanddistinctidentity独一无二的显著特征。standapartinahighlycompetitivemarket在激烈市场竞争中脱颖而出。（6）IPrightsunderlieandempowerthefinancialmodelofallsportingeventsworldwide.IPrightslieattheheartoftheglobalsportsecosystemandallthecommercialrelationshipsthatmakesportshappenandthatallowustotuneintosportingactionwhenever,wherever,andhoweverwewant.知识产权是全球所有体育赛事财务模式的基础和保障。知识产权是全球体育生态系统的核心，也是促成体育赛事的所有商业关系的核心，而这些商业关系使我们得以随时随地、随心所欲地观看体育赛事。[分析]underlieandempower…是……的基础和保障。tuneinto这个短语主要表示收听广播、电视节目或在线内容。（7）Thisyear’sWorldIntellectualPropertyDayCampaigncelebratesthepositiverolethatIPplaysinencouragingsports,awonderfulrangeofpursuitinwhichhumanbeingshavealwaysengagedandwhichenrichourlivesinsomanydifferentways.今年的世界知识产权日活动宣传的是知识产权对鼓励体育运动的积极作用，人类一直在参与丰富多彩的体育运动，而体育运动也以多种不同的方式充实人们的生活。[分析]enrichourlives充实人们的生活。[问答题]2.PassageTwoIntoday’sincreasinglydiversesocieties,UNESCOcontinuestoaccomplishitsfundamentalhumanistmissiontosupportpeopleinunderstandingeachotherandworkingtogethertobuildlastingpeace.Ithelpstoenablepeopletocreateanduseknowledgeforjustandinclusivesocieties.Towardsthisend,UNESCOhasprioritizedtrainingandresearchinsustainabledevelopment,skillsforpeacefulrelations,goodgovernance,andthepreventionofconflictandpeacebuildingamongothers.Yet,lastingpeacerestsonacomplexandfragilewebofdailypracticesembeddedinlocalsettingsanddailyencountersthatindividualsandcommunitiesmaintain.Peoplebelievethatthesepracticesconstitutethesustainableconditionsforlivingtogetherindignityandsharedprosperity.Atatimeofincreasingglobalchallengesandthreats,suchasinequality,exclusion,violenceandsectarianismworsenedbylocaltensionsandconflicts,whichunderminehumanity’scohesion,learningtolivetogetherandfosteringrights,inclusionandnon-discriminationamongallmembersoftheglobalcommunitybecomemoretopicalthaneverbefore.Individualsbecomeinterculturallycompetentthroughlearningandlifeexperienceforsuccessfullivinginthemoderncomplexityofourheterogeneousworldandconsequentlytheybecomepreparedtoappreciatediversityaswellasmanageconflictsinaccordancewiththevaluesofpluralismandmutualunderstanding.UNESCOintervenestohelpitsmemberstatesandallitspartnerstobetterunderstandandaddressthechallengesofourmoreandmorediversifiedsocieties,particularlythroughitsintergovernmentalProgrammeforManagementofSocialTransformations（政府间社会轻型管理行动）andtheCultureofPeaceandNon-ViolenceProgramme（和平与非暴力行动）whichinclude,interalia,initiativesfordemocracyandglobalcitizenship,interculturaldialogue,andpeace-building.UNESCOhaspromotedtherighttoqualityeducationandtheadvancementofscienceanditsapplicationtodevelopknowledgeandcapacityforeconomicandsocialprogress—thebasisofpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Ithasfocuseditsworkinscienceonissuesofglobalconcernrequiringmultinationalcollaborationsuchasinthefieldsoffreshwaterresourcesmanagement,oceanhealth,climatechange,renewableenergy,naturaldisasterreduction,biodiversityloss,andcapacitybuildinginscience,technologyandinnovation.UNESCOisconcernedabouttheriseofracism,xenophobiaandintolerance,andconsiderseducationessentialtostrengtheningthefoundationoftolerance,andreducingdiscriminationandviolence.Theproject“TeachingRespectforALL”(尊重所有人的教育项目)aimstodesignacurricularframeworktofightracismandpromotetolerance,whichcountriescanadapttotheirrespectivecontextsandneeds.Furthermore,itseekstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeofsportingactivities,aswellasthefightagainstdopingtofostersocialintegrationindifferentculturalandpoliticalcontexts,recognizingthatsportdisregardsbothgeographicalbordersandsocialclass.正确答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考译文】在当前日益多元化的社会中，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）持续完成其基本的人道主义使命，促进人们相互理解，携手构建长久和平。联合国教科文组织帮助人们创造和使用知识，以实现社会的公正和包容。为此，联合国教科文组织已将可持续发展、和平关系技能、良好治理，以及冲突预防与建设和平等方面的培训和研究列为优先事项。然而，长久和平的基础是复杂而脆弱的日常实践网络，其植根于个人和社区所维持的当地环境和日常接触中。人们认为，这些日常实践是人们能够有尊严地共同生活并共享繁荣的可持续条件。在全球挑战和威胁日益增多之时，不平等、排斥、暴力和宗派主义等现象因地方紧张局势和冲突而恶化，破坏了人类的凝聚力，而学会共同生活，在全球社会所有成员之间促进权利、包容和零歧视，比以往任何时候都更加引人热议。个人通过学习和生活经验具备跨文化能力，以便在现代复杂多样的世界中获得成功。因此，他们乐于欣赏多样性，并根据多元主义和相互理解的价值观进行冲突管理。联合国教科文组织采取干预措施，帮助其成员国和所有合作伙伴更好地理解和应对日益多元的社会所带来的挑战，特别是推行“政府间社会轻型管理行动”及“和平与非暴力行动”，其中除其他外包括促进民主和全球公民权、跨文化对话与和平建设的举措。联合国教科文组织促进人们享有优质教育的权利，推动科学发展及其应用，以提高人们的知识和能力水平，推动经济和社会进步，为和平及可持续发展奠定基础。其将科学工作的重点放在有必要开展多国合作的全球关切问题上，如淡水资源管理、海洋健康、气候变化、可再生能源、减少自然灾害、生物多样性减少，以及科学、技术与创新方面的能力建设等领域。种族主义、仇外心理和不容忍现象的增加引发了联合国教科文组织的关注，其认为教育对于强化包容性基础，以及减少歧视与暴力来说至关重要。“尊重所有人的教育项目”旨在设计一种课程框架以打击种族主义并提升包容性，各国可以根据各自的情况和需要进行调整。此外，该项目还试图促进体育活动的发展和实践，反对使用兴奋剂，以期在不同的文化和政治背景下促进社会融合，同时还承认体育不分地域和社会阶层。解析（1）Intoday’sincreasinglydiversesocieties,UNESCOcontinuestoaccomplishitsfundamentalhumanistmissiontosupportpeopleinunderstandingeachotherandworkingtogethertobuildlastingpeace.Ithelpstoenablepeopletocreateanduseknowledgeforjustandinclusivesocieties.Towardsthisend,UNESCOhasprioritizedtrainingandresearchinsustainabledevelopment,skillsforpeacefulrelations,goodgovernance,andthepreventionofconflictandpeacebuildingamongothers.在当前日益多元化的社会中，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）持续完成其基本的人道主义使命，促进人们相互理解，携手构建长久和平。联合国教科文组织帮助人们创造和使用知识，以实现社会的公正和包容。为此，联合国教科文组织已将可持续发展、和平关系技能、良好治理，以及冲突预防与建设和平等方面的培训和研究列为优先事项。[分析]humanistmission：人道主义使命。justandinclusivesocieties：公正和包容的社会。prioritizedtrainingandresearch：将…列为优先事项。构建长久和平：buildlastingpeace。（2）Yet,lastingpeacerestsonacomplexandfragilewebofdailypracticesembeddedinlocalsettingsanddailyencountersthatindividualsandcommunitiesmaintain.Peoplebelievethatthesepracticesconstitutethesustainableconditionsforlivingtogetherindignityandsharedprosperity.Atatimeofincreasingglobalchallengesandthreats,suchasinequality,exclusion,violenceandsectarianismworsenedbylocaltensionsandconflicts,whichunderminehumanity’scohesion,learningtolivetogetherandfosteringrights,inclusionandnon-discriminationamongallmembersoftheglobalcommunitybecomemoretopicalthaneverbefore.然而，长久和平的基础是复杂而脆弱的日常实践网络，其植根于个人和社区所维持的当地环境和日常接触中。人们认为，这些日常实践是人们能够有尊严地共同生活并共享繁荣的可持续条件。在全球挑战和威胁日益增多之时，不平等、排斥、暴力和宗派主义等现象因地方紧张局势和冲突而恶化，破坏了人类的凝聚力，而学会共同生活，在全球社会所有成员之间促进权利、包容和零歧视，比以往任何时候都更加引人热议。[分析]sustainableconditionsforlivingtogether：共同生活的可持续条件。increasingglobalchallengesandthreats：日益增多的全球挑战和威胁。（3）Individualsbecomeinterculturallycompetentthroughlearningandlifeexperienceforsuccessfullivinginthemoderncomplexityofourheterogeneousworldandconsequentlytheybecomepreparedtoappreciatediversityaswellasmanageconflictsinaccordancewiththevaluesofpluralismandmutualunderstanding.UNESCOintervenestohelpitsmemberstatesandallitspartnerstobetterunderstandandaddressthechallengesofourmoreandmorediversifiedsocieties,particularlythroughitsintergovernmentalProgrammeforManagementofSocialTransformations（政府间社会轻型管理行动）andtheCultureofPeaceandNon-ViolenceProgramme（和平与非暴力行动）whichinclude,interalia,initiativesfordemocracyandglobalcitizenship,interculturaldialogue,andpeace-building.个人通过学习和生活经验具备跨文化能力，以便在现代复杂多样的世界中获得成功。因此，他们乐于欣赏多样性，并根据多元主义和相互理解的价值观进行冲突管理。联合国教科文组织采取干预措施，帮助其成员国和所有合作伙伴更好地理解和应对日益多元的社会所带来的挑战，特别是推行“政府间社会轻型管理行动”及“和平与非暴力行动”，其中除其他外包括促进民主和全球公民权、跨文化对话与和平建设的举措。[分析]interculturallycompetent：跨文化能力。pluralismandmutualunderstanding：多元主义和相互理解。（4）UNESCOhaspromotedtherighttoqualityeducationandtheadvancementofscienceanditsapplicationtodevelopknowledgeandcapacityforeconomicandsocialprogress—thebasisofpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Ithasfocuseditsworkinscienceonissuesofglobalconcernrequiringmultinationalcollaborationsuchasinthefieldsoffreshwaterresourcesmanagement,oceanhealth,climatechange,renewableenergy,naturaldisasterreduction,biodiversityloss,andcapacitybuildinginscience,technologyandinnovation.联合国教科文组织促进人们享有优质教育的权利，推动科学发展及其应用，以提高人们的知识和能力水平，推动经济和社会进步，为和平及可持续发展奠定基础。其将科学工作的重点放在有必要开展多国合作的全球关切问题上，如淡水资源管理、海洋健康、气候变化、可再生能源、减少自然灾害、生物多样性减少，以及科学、技术与创新方面的能力建设等领域。[分析]qualityeducation：优质教育，强调教育的质量而非仅仅普及。advancementofscience：科学进步。renewableenergy可再生能源。capacitybuilding：能力建设。（5）UNESCOisconcernedabouttheriseofracism,xenophobiaandintolerance,andconsiderseducationessentialtostrengtheningthefoundationoftolerance,andreducingdiscriminationandviolence.Theproject“TeachingRespectforALL”(尊重所有人的教育项目)aimstodesignacurricularframeworktofightracismandpromotetolerance,whichcountriescanadapttotheirrespectivecontextsandneeds.Furthermore,itseekstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeofsportingactivities,aswellasthefightagainstdopingtofostersocialintegrationindifferentculturalandpoliticalcontexts,recognizingthatsportdisregardsbothgeographicalbordersandsocialclass.种族主义、仇外心理和不容忍现象的增加引发了联合国教科文组织的关注，其认为教育对于强化包容性基础，以及减少歧视与暴力来说至关重要。“尊重所有人的教育项目”旨在设计一种课程框架以打击种族主义并提升包容性，各国可以根据各自的情况和需要进行调整。此外，该项目还试图促进体育活动的发展和实践，反对使用兴奋剂，以期在不同的文化和政治背景下促进社会融合，同时还承认体育不分地域和社会阶层。[分析]racism,xenophobiaandintolerance：种族主义、仇外心理和不容忍。curricularframework：课程框架，此为教育领域专业术语，curricular特指课程相关的。fightagainstdoping：反对使用兴奋剂，“doping”特指体育竞赛中的禁药使用。socialintegration：社会融合，指不同群体间的和谐共存与相互接纳。[问答题]3.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.PassageOne近日中共中央、国务院发布了《关于建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系的意见》（theDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment）。根据《意见》，到2022年，要初步建立城乡融合发展体制机制，打通城乡要素自由流动的制度性通道，建成城乡统一的建设用地市场，形成农村产权保护交易制度框架。最终目标是缩小城乡发展差距和居民生活水平差距。首先，要设计好农业转移人口市民化和城市人才入乡激励的机制，促进人的双向流动。每年有近百万农民工要进城，必须深化户籍制度改革，加快实现城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，提高城市的包容度。同时，要制定更加可操作性的财政、金融、社会保障等激励政策，吸引各类人才到农村创业，并留住人才。其次，要慎重改革农村宅基地制度，探索建立集体经营性建设用地入市制度。最大程度激发农村土地的生产力，但不改变土地所有制性质，不突破耕地红线，不损及农民利益，守住生态保护红线，防范各类政治经济社会风险。第三，要进一步健全财政投入保障机制，促进更多社会资金投入农业农村。同时要完善乡村金融服务体系和建立工商资本入乡促进机制，为城乡融合发展提供全方位的财政金融政策支持。正确答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考译文】Recently,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedtheDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment(theDecision).AccordingtotheDecision,by2022,thesystemandmechanismforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentshouldbeinitiallyestablished,theinstitutionalbarriersforthefreeflowofproductivefactorsbetweenurbanandruralareasshouldberemoved,aunifiedurban-ruralconstructionlandmarketshouldbecreated,andaninstitutionalframeworkfortheprotectionandtradingofruralpropertyrightsshouldbedeveloped.Ultimately,theurban-ruraldisparityintermsofeconomicdevelopmentandlivingconditionsshouldbenarrowed.First,awell-designedmechanismshouldbeinplaceforgrantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareasandimplementingincentivepoliciestoattracturbantalentstoworkorstartbusinessesinruralareas,soastopromotethefreeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas.Withnearlyonemillionmigrantworkersmovingtocitieseveryyear,Chinaneedstodeepenhouseholdregistrationreforms,acceleratethefullcoverageofbasicpublicservicesfortheresidentpopulationincitiesandtowns,andmakecitiesmoreinclusive.Measuresshouldalsobetakentodevelopmoreoperablefinancial,monetary,socialsecurityandotherincentivepoliciestoattractvarioustalenttostartbusinessesinruralareasandtoretainthem.Second,theruralresidentiallandshouldbereformedinaprudentfashion,andthesystemofmarketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposesexploredandestablished.Effortsshouldbemadetomaximizetheproductivityofrurallandwithoutchanginglandownership,breakingtheredlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland,anddamagingtheinterestsoffarmers,whilemaintainingtheredlinesforecologicalconservationandpreventingvariouspolitical,economicandsocialrisks.Third,themechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestmentshouldbefurtherimprovedtopromoteinvestmentofmoresocialfundsinagricultureandruralareas.Inthemeantime,workshouldbedonetoimprovetheruralfinancialservicesystemandestablishapromotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas,soastoprovideafullsupportfortheintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentwithfinancialandfiscalpolicies.解析（1）近日中共中央、国务院发布了《关于建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系的意见》（theDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment）。根据《意见》，到2022年，要初步建立城乡融合发展体制机制，打通城乡要素自由流动的制度性通道，建成城乡统一的建设用地市场，形成农村产权保护交易制度框架。最终目标是缩小城乡发展差距和居民生活水平差距。Recently,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedtheDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment(theDecision).AccordingtotheDecision,by2022,thesystemandmechanismforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentshouldbeinitiallyestablished,theinstitutionalbarriersforthefreeflowofproductivefactorsbetweenurbanandruralareasshouldberemoved,aunifiedurban-ruralconstructionlandmarketshouldbecreated,andaninstitutionalframeworkfortheprotectionandtradingofruralpropertyrightsshouldbedeveloped.Ultimately,theurban-ruraldisparityintermsofeconomicdevelopmentandlivingconditionsshouldbenarrowed.[分析]打通制度性通道removeinstitutionalbarriers。缩小差距narrowthedisparity。（2）首先，要设计好农业转移人口市民化和城市人才入乡激励的机制，促进人的双向流动。每年有近百万农民工要进城，必须深化户籍制度改革，加快实现城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，提高城市的包容度。同时，要制定更加可操作性的财政、金融、社会保障等激励政策，吸引各类人才到农村创业，并留住人才。First,awell-designedmechanismshouldbeinplaceforgrantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareasandimplementingincentivepoliciestoattracturbantalentstoworkorstartbusinessesinruralareas,soastopromotethefreeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas.Withnearlyonemillionmigrantworkersmovingtocitieseveryyear,Chinaneedstodeepenhouseholdregistrationreforms,acceleratethefullcoverageofbasicpublicservicesfortheresidentpopulationincitiesandtowns,andmakecitiesmoreinclusive.Measuresshouldalsobetakentodevelopmoreoperablefinancial,monetary,socialsecurityandotherincentivepoliciestoattractvarioustalenttostartbusinessesinruralareasandtoretainthem.[分析]农业转移人口市民化：grantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareas，此处翻译详细解释了“市民化”的实质，即给予进城农民永久城市居住权。双向流动：freeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas。深化户籍制度改革：deepenhouseholdregistrationreforms。提高城市的包容度：makecitiesmoreinclusive。（3）其次，要慎重改革农村宅基地制度，探索建立集体经营性建设用地入市制度。最大程度激发农村土地的生产力，但不改变土地所有制性质，不突破耕地红线，不损及农民利益，守住生态保护红线，防范各类政治经济社会风险。Second,theruralresidentiallandshouldbereformedinaprudentfashion,andthesystemofmarketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposesexploredandestablished.Effortsshouldbemadetomaximizetheproductivityofrurallandwithoutchanginglandownership,breakingtheredlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland,anddamagingtheinterestsoffarmers,whilemaintainingtheredlinesforecologicalconservationandpreventingvariouspolitical,economicandsocialrisks.[分析]农村宅基地制度：ruralresidentiallandsystem。集体经营性建设用地入市制度：marketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposes。耕地红线：redlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland。生态保护红线：redlinesforecologicalconservation。（4）第三，要进一步健全财政投入保障机制，促进更多社会资金投入农业农村。同时要完善乡村金融服务体系和建立工商资本入乡促进机制，为城乡融合发展提供全方位的财政金融政策支持。Third,themechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestmentshouldbefurtherimprovedtopromoteinvestmentofmoresocialfundsinagricultureandruralareas.Inthemeantime,workshouldbedonetoimprovetheruralfinancialservicesystemandestablishapromotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas,soastoprovideafullsupportfortheintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentwithfinancialandfiscalpolicies.[分析]财政投入保障机制：mechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestment。乡村金融服务体系：ruralfinancialservicesystem。工商资本入乡促进机制：promotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas。[问答题]4.PassageTwo城市生物多样性是指城市中包括植物、动物和微生物等生物种类的丰富程度，它是保证城市生态平衡的基础，在调节城市气候、维护水的自然循环和水源清洁，保持土壤肥力等方面均发挥着重要作用。生物多样的城市才有可能成为生态系统良好，运转平衡稳定的城市。城市生物多样性也与城市居民生活和健康息息相关。科学研究表明，与在乡村长大的人相比，童年在城市中度过的人更容易在特定季节出现一些过敏症状。原因在于，乡村微生物远比城市的多样复杂，在乡村生活的孩子接触了更多微生物，他们的免疫系统经过与这些微生物的博弈，身体已经适应它们。在城市中长大的人却没有这种经历，一旦遇到某些免疫系统从未接触过或不认识的微生物，就比较容易染病。城市生物多样性的前提是复杂多样的生态环境。尽管城市在不断扩张，自然空间缩小了，呈碎片化，由此改变了土地原有生态系统，水文状况和地表结构，自然空间既有限又破碎，但在一定程度上实现生物多样性也并非如我们想象的那样困难。正确答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考译文】Urbanbiodiversityreferstotheabundanceofbiologicalspeciesincludingplants,animalsandmicroorganismsincities.Itisthebasisforensuringtheecologicalbalanceofcitiesandalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulatingurbanclimate,maintainingnaturalcycleofwaterandcleanwatersource,keepingsoilfertility,etc.Abiologicallydiversecityispossibletobeonewithawell-functioning,balancedandstableecosystem.Urbanbiodiversityisalsocloselyrelatedtothelivesandhealthofurbanresidents.Scientificresearchesindicatethatpeoplewhospenttheirchildhoodincitiesaremorelikelytodevelopsomeallergysymptomsinspecificseasonsthanthosewhogrewupinthecountryside.Thereasonisthatruralmicroorganismsarefarmorediverseandcomplexthanthoseincities,andruralchildren,exposedtomoremicroorganisms,havetheirimmunesystemsgonethroughfightsagainstsuchmicroorganismsandt