湖南省长沙市周南教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期入学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市周南教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期入学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThanksForGiving4MilerThurs.November23,2023TheEventSignuptodayforthe2023ThanksForGiving4MilerandKidsDashthatwilltakeplacethisThanksgivinginNewAlbany!ComeoutandjoinusforafunkickofftoThanksgivingDayfestivities!Asalways,100%ofournetproceedsgotohelpthoseinneed.Allarewelcome,includingcompetitiverunners,joggers,andwalkerswantingtoenjoytimewithfriendsandlovedones.RegistrationendsonNovember22,2023.TheFeeThereisnoofficialracefee.Youcangiveasmuchoraslittleasyouwant.However-a$40minimumdonationisrequiredtogetoursoftT-shirt.OurgoalistofeedasmanyfamiliesinCentralOhioaswecan.Youcanhelpbyrunningourrace,spreadingtheword,ormakingadonation.Youmaybringanydonationyouwant,fromacanofsouptocash.Let’smakeadifference.EventDayTimeline6:30am:Racedaycheck-inbegins.8:00am:Openingceremony(仪式)begins!8:15am:KidsDashbegins!8:30am:TheThanksForGiving4Milerkicksoff!AwardsThetopthreeoverallmaleandfemalefinisherswillreceiveagiftcertificate.Thetopthreemaleandfemalefinishersineachofthefollowingagegroupswillreceiveapumpkin(南瓜)pie:14andunder,15-19,20-24,25-29,30-34,35-39,40-44,45-49,50-54,55-59,60-64,65-69,70andabove.Everyparticipantofthekidsracereceivesafinisher’smedal!SafetyForsafety,pleasenobicycles,skateboards,inlineskates,orparticipationwithpets.21.WhatisThanksForGiving4MilerandKidsRun?A.Amarathonrace. B.Acharityevent.C.Akid-targetedactivity. D.Aholidayget-together.22.Whatwillamanrankingsecondinhisagegroupbesuretowin?A.AsoftT-shirt. B.Apumpkinpie.C.Agiftcertificate. D.Afinisher’smedal.23.Whatisrequiredforparticipation?A.Bringingadonation.B.Reachingacertainage.C.Registeringinadvance.D.Wearingsafetyequipment.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年感恩节在新奥尔巴尼举行的2023年“感谢给予4英里和儿童短跑”活动的相关信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Asalways,100%ofournetproceedsgotohelpthoseinneed.(一如既往，我们100%的净收益将用于帮助那些需要帮助的人)”可知，感谢给予4英里和儿童短跑是一个慈善活动。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thetopthreemaleandfemalefinishersineachofthefollowingagegroupswillreceiveapumpkin(南瓜)pie(以下年龄组的前三名男女选手将获得一个南瓜派)”可知，在他的年龄组中排名第二的人一定会赢得一个南瓜派。故选B。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“RegistrationendsonNovember22,2023.(登记截止日期为2023年11月22日)”可推知，参加活动需要提前登记。故选C。BRecently,asIwatchedmysonNathanplaybasketballforhishighschoolteam,Iwasstartingtofeelsorryformyselfandforhim.Histeamwasfacingadversity(逆境)onthecourtandhewasplayinginahostileenvironment—itwastheopponent’shomegymfilledwiththeirsupporters,andNathan’steamwastrailing(落后)forthreequartersofthegame.Asforme,Ihadbeenfiredfrommyjobearlierintheday.Duringmydrivetowherethegamewasheld,Ikepttellingmyself“Iwillfindworkagaininashorttime”—Iamconfidentinmyexperienceandabilities.ThiswasthesamebeliefthatItriedtoinstillinmyson.ThebasketballgameenteredthefourthquarterwithNathan’steamstilltrailing.Isawthedeterminationonhis,aswellashisteammates’facesastheyfoughtbacktonotonlytiethegame,butthengoaheadbythreepoints.Then,aplayerfromtheotherteammadeanunbelievableshottotiethegameupagain.Withatiegame(平局)andsecondsontheclock,Nathanfoundhimselfwiththeballandwithskillandconfidence,heproceededtomakethebasketwithadefenderhangingalloverhim.Theotherplayerwascalledforafoul(犯规).AsNathanstoodatthefoullinepreparingforashotthatwouldputhisteamupbythreepoints,Isawthefocusanddeterminationonhisface,therewasnoroomforself-doubt.Nathanwasabletotuneoutallthedistractionsandnailthefreethrowwithsuchskill,itwasasifhehaddoneitathousandtimes.AsIsatthere,myheartburstingwithpride,itdawnedonmethatIhadtaughthimperseveranceinthefaceofadversity,andhehadjusttaughtmethesamelesson.Thatbriefmomentofself-doubtandfeelingsorryformyselfwasblownawaybytheactionsofmysononthebasketballcourt.Hewillplayinthefinals,butitdoesn’tmatterifhewinsorloses,atthismoment,webothwon.24.WhydidIfeelsorrywhenwatchingmyson’sbasketballgame?A.Iquitmyjobearlierintheday.B.Therewerenosupportersformyson’steam.C.Myson’steamwasfacingadversityathomecourt.D.Myson’steamwastrailingforthreequartersofthegame.25.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Self-doubtingandpessimistic. B.Self-confidentandoptimistic.C.Hardworkingandintelligent. D.Easy-goingandwarmhearted.26.Whathappenedinthefourthquarterofthebasketballgame?A.Myson’steamsparednoefforttofightbackandfinallytiedthegame.B.Aplayerfrommyson’steamfouledduringthedefendingprocess.C.Mysonsuccessfullyscoredthefreethrowandputhisteamupbythreepointsintheend.D.Theopponentteammadeanunbelievablewinningshotinthelastsecondsofthegame.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WinningMattersattheMoment.B.LifeGoesJustLikePlayingBasketball.C.FromAdversitytoVictory:ALessonLearnedontheBasketballCourt.D.FromSelf-doubttoConfidence:UnforgettableBasketballMoments.【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者失业了，在作者怀疑自我和自怨自艾时，看到了儿子在球场上的顽强表现，这激励了作者，让他恢复了自信。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Histeamwasfacingadversity(逆境)onthecourtandhewasplayinginahostileenvironment—itwastheopponent’shomegymfilledwiththeirsupporters,andNathan’steamwastrailing(落后)forthreequartersofthegame.(他的球队在球场上面临逆境，而他在一个充满敌意的环境中打球——对手的主场体育馆里挤满了他们的支持者，内森的球队在比赛中落后了四分之三)”可知，作者的儿子的球队在比赛中落后了四分之三。故选D。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Duringmydrivetowherethegamewasheld,Ikepttellingmyself“Iwillfindworkagaininashorttime”—Iamconfidentinmyexperienceandabilities.ThiswasthesamebeliefthatItriedtoinstillinmyson.(在驱车前往比赛举办地的路上，我一直对自己说：“我会在短时间内重新找到工作的”——我对自己的经验和能力很有信心。这也是我试图灌输给儿子的信念)”可推知，作者对自己充满信心，同时对生活也是积极乐观的态度。故选B。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AsNathanstoodatthefoullinepreparingforashotthatwouldputhisteamupbythreepoints,Isawthefocusanddeterminationonhisface,therewasnoroomforself-doubt.Nathanwasabletotuneoutallthedistractionsandnailthefreethrowwithsuchskill,itwasasifhehaddoneitathousandtimes.(当内森站在罚球线前，准备投进一个能让球队领先三分的球时，我看到了他脸上的专注和决心，没有任何自我怀疑的余地。内森能够排除一切干扰，以如此娴熟的技巧完成罚球，就好像他已经完成了一千次一样)”可知，篮球赛第四场比赛中儿子罚球很成功，最终使他的队领先三分。故选C。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“AsIsatthere,myheartburstingwithpride,itdawnedonmethatIhadtaughthimperseveranceinthefaceofadversity,andhehadjusttaughtmethesamelesson.(我坐在那里，心中充满了自豪，我突然意识到，我教会了他在逆境中坚持不懈，而他也刚刚教会了我同样的一课)”结合本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利，这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。故C选项“从逆境到胜利：在篮球场上学到的一课”最符合文章标题。故选C。CT.O.FullerStateParkinMemphis,Tennessee,hasbeenlovedforgenerationsandhasalwaysbeenagroundwherecommunityhascomefirst.Backin1938,itwasthefirstparkeastoftheMississippirivertoopenforAfricanAmericanvisitors.Over80yearslater,theparkiscontinuingitsforward-thinkingtradition,thistime,throughapioneeringsustainabilityproject.Anewwalkingandbikingtrailhasbeenbuiltthroughthishistoricpark.Illegallydumped(被丢弃的)tiresarenotonlyunpleasanttosee,butthey’readangerousadditiontotheenvironment.Rubber,likeplastic,isamaterialthatwon’tnaturallybreakdown.InaplaceashotasTennessee,thesedumpedtiresoftenbegintomeltandreleasetheseharmfulgassesintotheair.Fortunately,theoldtiresweresenttoPatriotTireRecyclinginBristol,TN,theonlyfacilityintheareathatcanbreakdowntiresinanenvironmentallysoundway.There,thecollectedtiresweresafelybrokendownintothecrumble(碎屑)rubberthatwaseventuallyusedtopavethenewtrail.TNStateParksexplainedhowthetrail’sconstruction,whichhasbeenindevelopmentsince2019,wasajointeffort.OfficialsfromtheTennesseeDepartmentofEnvironmentandConservation,theTennesseeDepartmentofTransportation,theCityofMemphis,ShelbyCounty,andMemphisCityBeautifulwereallinvolvedinfundingthisrecyclingproject.Theseofficialsnamedtheirinitiativethe“TirestoTrails”project.Workersfromthesedepartments,alongsidesome450volunteers,cametogethertocollectover24,000tiresthathadbeenillegallydumpedintheareaaroundtheparktoberecycled.“Thisisaperfectexampleofrecyclinginfullcircle,collectingdumpedmaterial,thenconvertingitintopositiveuse,”David,aleaderoftheproject,saidinastatement.28.WhatkindofparkisT.O.FullerStatePark?A.Itisapopularparkwithagoodtradition. B.Itisthefirstparkwelcomingallvisitors.C.ItisaparkwestoftheMississippiriver. D.Itisamodernparkwithoutbikingtrails.29.Whyaredumpedtiresadangerousadditiontotheenvironment?A.Theyareuglytosee. B.Theyreleaseharmfulgasses.C.Theyaremadeupofplastic. D.Theycouldonlybeusedtopavethenewtrail.30.WhatdoesDavidmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Itisthepark’sresponsibilitytorecycle.B.Theparkisbuiltondumpedmaterials.C.Theparksuccessfullyrecycleddumpedtires.D.Itispossibletoturneverythingintousefulthings.31.Whichofthefollowingbestpresentsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Astateparkismakingpioneeringeffortstoachievesustainability.B.Astateparkistorebuildatrailinaninnovativeway.C.Tireshavebeentransformedintoanewtrailinastatepark.D.Officialsandpeopleworkedtogethertorecycletiresinastatepark.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是田纳西州的T.O.FullerStatePark在众人合作的基础上对被丢弃的轮胎进行废物利用，公园里的一条路就是用废弃轮胎建成的。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“T.O.FullerStateParkinMemphis,Tennessee,hasbeenlovedforgenerationsandhasalwaysbeenagroundwherecommunityhascomefirst.”（田纳西州孟菲斯市的T.O.Fuller州立公园世世代代受到人们的喜爱，一直是受欢迎的地方。）可知，它是一个受欢迎的公园。根据第一段最后一句话“Over80yearslater,theparkiscontinuingitsforward-thinkingtradition,thistime,throughapioneeringsustainabilityproject”（80多年后，该公园继续其前瞻性的传统，这一次，通过一个开创性的可持续发展项目）可知，它是一个有着良好传统的公园，因此T.O.FullerStatePark是一个很受欢迎的公园，有着很好的传统。故选A项。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rubber,likeplastic,isamaterialthatwon’tnaturallydecompose.InaplaceashotasTennessee,thesedumpedtiresoftenbegintomeltandreleasetheseharmfulgassesintotheair.”（橡胶和塑料一样，是一种不会自然分解的材料。在像田纳西州这样炎热的地方，这些被丢弃的轮胎经常开始融化，并将这些有害气体释放到空气中。）可知废弃轮胎会对环境造成危害是因为它们释放有害气体。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thisisaperfectexampleofrecyclinginfullcircle,collectingdumpedmaterial,thenconvertingitintopositiveuse”（这是一个循环再利用的完美例子，收集废弃材料，然后将其转化为积极的用途）可知David在最后一段的意思是T.O.FullerStatePark在回收废弃轮胎方面做得很成功。故选C项。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Fortunately,theoldtiresweresenttoPatriotTireRecyclinginBristol,TN,theonlyfacilityintheareathatcanbreakdowntiresinanenvironmentallysoundway.There,thecollectedtiresweresafelybrokendownintothecrumble(碎屑)rubberthatwaseventuallyusedtopavethenewtrail”（幸运的是，旧轮胎被送到了田纳西州布里斯托尔的爱国者轮胎回收厂，这是该地区唯一一家可以以环保方式分解轮胎的工厂。在那里，收集到的轮胎被安全地分解成碎橡胶碎屑，最终用于铺设新的道路）可知，本篇文章主要讲述了田纳西州的T.O.FullerStatePark在众人合作的基础上对被丢弃的轮胎进行废物利用并用其铺成了一条路的故事，故选C项。D“Please,noflashphotography.”Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallyfailtopersuadepeopleoutoftakingphotosofwhatevertheyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaceswherepeopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayhelpdiscouragethatrebelliousbehavior-onphonesatleast.Thepatent,awardedtoAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenuestouseaninfraredemitter(红外线发射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.Accordingtothepatent,infraredrayscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasacommandtoblocktheuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideosofwhateverthey’reseeing.Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows,eitherbecausetheywanttheiraudiencestoactuallypayattentiontothem,orbecausetheydon’twantthefreefootage(片段镜头)goingviralaroundtheweb.Despitethis,unauthorized(未授权的)imagesstillmanagetomaketheirwayintothepubliceye.ThelastconcertofAmericansingerPrincebeforehepassedawaywassupposedtobecellphone-free—itapparentlywasn’t.IfApple’spatentisintroducedintoiPhonesoftware,andvenuesputinfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscouldpotentiallystophappening.Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingovertopeoplewithmoreimmoralintentions.Rightnow,there’snoguaranteethatAppleintendstoputthistechnologyintoanyofitssoftware—Appledoesn’tactonmanyofthethousandsofpatentsitfileseachyear—andthecompanywasn’timmediatelyavailabletocommentonitsplansforthepatent.Giventhecompany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejustpatentedthetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofalternativeshootingdeviceslikecamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoidhavingtousetheprohibitivesoftware.32.HowcanApple’spatentedsystempreventsmartphoneusersfromtakingphotosorvideosatspecificvenues?A.Bygivingoutasoundwavethatdisablessmartphonecameras.B.Bypickingupinfraredraysemittedbythecameraswhentheyarefilming.C.Byusinginfraredraysthatcanremotelyblockcamerausageonsmartphones.D.Byautomaticallydeletingphotosorvideosiftheyaretakenwithoutpermission.33.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhycellphonesarebannedfrommanyshows?A.Tomaketheperformersmorefocusedontheshow.B.Toavoidtheunauthorizedfootagebeingfreelysharedandspreadonline.C.Topreventtheperformers’imagesfromcomingtowidespreadpublicattention.D.Toprotecttheaudiencefrompeoplewithimmoralintentions.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefourthparagraphmean?A.Unintendeddamage. B.Unauthorizedrelease.C.Unexpecteddeath. D.Undesiredfreedom.35.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Applehasplannedtoapplythispatenttofutureoperatingsystems.B.AllthepatentsApplefileseachyeararemeanttobeputintoitssoftware.C.Applemayagreetoputthistechnologyintoitssoftwareduetopolicerequests.D.PeoplemayturntoothershootingdevicesifAppleintroducestheprohibitivesoftware.【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了苹果公司的一项新专利或许能在手机上限制违规摄屏行为。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Accordingtothepatent,infraredrayscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasacommandtoblocktheuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideosofwhateverthey’reseeing.(根据这项专利，红外线可以被摄像头捕捉到，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄他们所看到的任何照片或视频的命令)”可知，苹果的专利系统通过使用红外线，可以远程阻止智能手机上的摄像头使用来阻止智能手机用户在特定场所拍照或视频。故选C项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows,eitherbecausetheywanttheiraudiencestoactuallypayattentiontothem,orbecausetheydon’twantthefreefootage(片段镜头)goingviralaroundtheweb.(许多音乐家和表演者都禁止在他们的演出中使用手机，要么是因为他们想让观众真正关注他们，要么是因为他们不想让免费的视频在网上疯传)”可知，为了避免未经授权的视频在网上自由分享和传播是许多节目禁止使用手机的原因之一。故选B项。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据根据前文“Despitethis,unauthorized(未授权的)imagesstillmanagetomaketheirwayintothepubliceye.ThelastconcertofAmericansingerPrincebeforehepassedawaywassupposedtobecellphone-free—itapparentlywasn’t.(尽管如此，未经授权的图像仍然设法进入公众的视线。美国歌手普林斯(Prince)去世前的最后一场演唱会本该是不带手机的——但显然不是)”可知，句中“leakslikethis”是指上文中的演唱会现场镜头泄露事件，推知leaks是“未经授权发布”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giventhecompany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejustpatentedthetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofalternativeshootingdeviceslikecamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoidhavingtousetheprohibitivesoftware.(考虑到苹果公司在警方要求闯入用户设备时对个人隐私的严格支持，苹果公司可能只是申请了这项技术的专利，这样就没有其他人会使用它。但谁知道呢，如果它真的打算在未来的操作系统中引入这一功能，那么像摄像机甚至gopro这样的替代拍摄设备的销售可能会得到急需的提振，因为人们会试图避免使用这一令人望而却步的软件)”可推知，如果苹果推出这款令人望而却步的软件，人们可能会转向其他拍摄设备。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项为多余选项。Astimegoeson,neuroscientistslearnmoreaboutthewondersofhumanbrains.Thedeeperunderstandingofferswaystoenhanceyourbraintoworkinyourfavor.Youdon’thavetobeabrainscientisttodoit!__________36__________Whenyouhearthewordhack,youmightberemindedofthesnakycomputerscienceterm.Computerhackersneedtounderstandtheinnerworkingsofacomputertobreakintoitssystem.__________37__________Theyneedtoknowhowthebrainworkstochangeitsneuralnetwork.Withthisknowledge,peoplehavecomeupwithwaystooptimizebrainperformanceandsticktohealthierhabits.Neurohackersusetheirknowledgeofhowthebrainworkstochangethoughpatterns,likedailyhabits.Doingthisrequiresunderstandingthewayhabitsforminthebrain.Wheneveryourepeatatask,thebrainconnectsitswirestogetherbetweenbraincells.Overtime,thesehabitsbecomehardwiredintothebrains.__________38__________Theyhelpcarryoutsimpleeverydaytaskswithoutmuchthoughtorattention.Thetroublecomesupwhenyourbrainwiresunhealthyhabits,suchasnegativeself-talk.__________39__________Youneedtorewire!Andthatrequiresmindfulness—aconsciousawarenessofyourbrain’sbehaviorsandpatternsattheverymomentwhentheyoccur.Inthisway,youcanchangethosehabitsinthedirectionthatyouwant.Belowtheconsciousmindlivesthesubconscious,adeepermentalspacethathostswhatyouhavepreviouslyengravedintoyourmind.__________40__________Then,youcan“hack”brainpatterns,trainthoughtstowardpositivecircuits,andslowlydevelophealthierhabitsovertime.A.Findoutwhatneurohackingis.B.Thesamegoesforneurohackers.C.Justlearnhowtohackyourbrain.D.Howcanyouimproveyourmindfulness?E.Howdoyouchangethoseundesirablehabits?F.Habitsfreeupourbrainssothatwecanlearnnewthings.G.Withproperpractices,you’llbuildadeeperawarenessofyourownbrain.【答案】36.G37.B38.F39.E40.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们可以通过训练来增强大脑，犹如电脑工作原理那样，以及如何改变我们日常形成的坏习惯。【36题详析】上文“Astimegoeson,neuroscientistslearnmoreaboutthewondersofhumanbrains.Thedeeperunderstandingofferswaystoenhanceyourbraintoworkinyourfavor.Youdon’thavetobeabrainscientisttodoit!（随着时间的推移，神经科学家对人类大脑的奇妙之处有了更多的了解。更深层次的理解提供了一些方法来增强你的大脑，使之对你有利。你不需要成为一个脑科学家来做这件事！）”可知科学家们已经经过研究，提供了一些方法来增强大脑；选项G“Withproperpractices,you’llbuildadeeperawarenessofyourownbrain.（通过适当的练习，你会对自己的大脑有更深的认识）”可知提到了适当锻炼，这就是上文所讲的增强大脑的方法之一，故G项承接了上文的内容；故选G项。【37题详析】上文“Whenyouhearthewordhack,youmightberemindedofthesnakycomputerscienceterm.Computerhackersneedtounderstandtheinnerworkingsofacomputertobreakintoitssystem.（当你听到单词hack时，你可能会想起绕口的计算机科学术语。计算机黑客需要了解计算机的内部工作原理才能侵入它的系统。）”可知提到了计算机黑客入侵电脑系统的条件；下文“Theyneedtoknowhowthebrainworkstochangeitsneuralnetwork.（他们需要知道大脑如何工作以改变它的神经网络。）”可知这个原理和电脑黑客入侵的原理一样，推知空处讲的是与电脑黑客相类似的内容；选项B“Thesamegoesforneurohackers（神经黑客也一样）”讲述的正是与电脑黑客类似的神经黑客，故B项承接了上文拿电脑黑客作例子来讲述这种入侵的工作原理的内容，同时引出了下文对这种原理的具体描述；故选B项。【38题详析】上文“Wheneveryourepeatatask,thebrainconnectsitswirestogetherbetweenbraincells.Overtime,thesehabitsbecomehardwiredintothebrains.（每当你重复一项任务时，大脑就会把脑细胞之间的电线连接起来。随着时间的推移，这些习惯逐渐深入大脑。）”可知提到了重复某项任务会形成习惯；下文“Theyhelpcarryoutsimpleeverydaytaskswithoutmuchthoughtorattention.Thetroublecomesupwhenyourbrainwiresunhealthyhabits,suchasnegativeself-talk.（他们帮助完成简单的日常任务，没有太多的思考或注意。当你的大脑形成不健康的习惯，比如消极的自我对话时，麻烦就来了。）”可知也是在讲述日常习惯问题；选项F“Habitsfreeupourbrainssothatwecanlearnnewthings.（习惯可以解放我们的大脑，这样我们就可以学习新的东西。）”承接了上文所述的随着时间推移，形成了习惯，同时引出了下文对于空处所讲的习惯可以解放大脑以至于让我们能学习新东西的原因的具体阐述，即形成习惯后，在完成简单的日常任务时不要太多的思考和注意，这样大脑就省出很多空间来让我们学习新东西，故F项符合语境；故选F项。【39题详析】上文“Thetroublecomesupwhenyourbrainwiresunhealthyhabits,suchasnegativeself-talk.（当你的大脑形成不健康的习惯，比如消极的自我对话时，麻烦就来了。）”可知习惯并不都是好的习惯，坏的习惯会带来麻烦；推知空处讲述的是与不良习惯有关的内容；下文“Youneedtorewire!Andthatrequiresmindfulness—aconsciousawarenessofyourbrain’sbehaviorsandpatternsattheverymomentwhentheyoccur.Inthisway,youcanchangethosehabitsinthedirectionthatyouwant.（你得重新接线！这需要正念——在大脑行为和模式发生的那一刻，有意识地意识到它们。通过这种方式，你可以朝着你想要的方向改变那些习惯。）”可知下文讲述的是改变坏习惯的方法；选项E“Howdoyouchangethoseundesirablehabits?（你如何改变那些不良习惯？）”承接了上文所提的不良习惯的内容，提出了如何改变，引出了下文对于这一问题的回答；故选E项。【40题详析】下文“Then,youcan“hack”brainpatterns,trainthoughtstowardpositivecircuits,andslowlydevelophealthierhabitsovertime.（然后，你可以“破解”大脑模式，训练思维朝着积极的方向发展，慢慢养成更健康的习惯。）”可知在讲述破解大脑模式，这个就像电脑黑客破解电脑模式那样；选项C“Justlearnhowtohackyourbrain.（学习如何入侵你的大脑。）”讲述的正是像电脑黑客那样，犹如入侵电脑那样入侵我们的大脑，引发下文对于入侵后具体如何破解大脑模式而慢慢养成更健康的习惯的阐述；故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mysonhadjustgottenhisdrivinglicense.Onthewayhome,I___41___thecartoasideroad,unfastenedmyseatbelt,and___42___placeswithhim.“Okay,”Isaid,“Iwantyoutodrivehome.”Sittingbehindthesteeringwheel,hisbodylookedtenseand___43___.“Mom,”hesaidquietly,“Ican’tdothis.I’mnotready.”“It’sokay!”Isaid,“You’re___44___goingtofeelready.Youjusthavetogoforit.”“No,”hetookadeepbreathand___45___myfather’swords.“Don’teverapologizeforknowingyourlimits.Youtoldmethat!”Forabriefmoment,time___46___Isawtheveryoldphotographforever___47___inmymemory.Itshowsmyfamilystandingarminarmand___48___forthecamera,withthethentallestrollercoaster(过山车)wedecidedtoridetogetherinthebackground.NooneknewIwas___49___terrified.Ijustdidn’twanttobetheonetostaybehind.We___50___ourwayupthelineandfinallyreachedtheend.Suddenly,mybodywasstiff(僵硬的)with___51___,andIknew:Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Too___52___tofacemyfamily,IsimplycalledovermyshouldertoDadthatIwasleaving.Dadaskedmewhathappened.“IguessIwastoochicken.Sorry.”WhatDadsaidnext___53___surprisedme.“Don’teverapologizeforknowingyourlimits,”hesaid,“Anddon’tletsomeonemakeyoudosomethingyou’renotcomfortablewith.I’mproudofyouforthechoiceyoumade.”Thiswastheexact___54___ofwhatIhadexpectedhimtosay.Instantly,Iunderstoodexactlyhowmysonfelt.Knowingthelimitsisn’tan___55___ofweakness.It’sactuallyasignofstrength.41.A.pulledout B.pulledover C.pulledaway D.pulledback42.A.traded B.provided C.shared D.took43.A.impatient B.indifferent C.uncomfortable D.irrelevant44.A.always B.surely C.forever D.never45.A.expected B.wondered C.recalled D.imagined46.A.passed B.faded C.froze D.flew47.A.pressed B.struck C.reflected D.printed48.A.looking B.applying C.smiling D.accounting49.A.hardly B.secretly C.similarly D.obviously50.A.inched B.found C.picked D.felt51.A.anger B.fear C.sadness D.joy52.A.embarrassed B.disappointed C.discouraged D.desperate53.A.consistently B.completely C.normally D.constantly54.A.complaint B.reply C.expression D.opposite55.A.assumption B.introduction C.inspiration D.indication【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.C46.C47.D48.C49.B50.A51.B52.A53.B54.D55.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在回家的路上作者原本打算让对开车有恐惧感的儿子开车回家，而儿子的一番话让作者想起了自己儿时的经历，最终作者明白了儿子的处境，同时也明白了知道自己的极限并不表明自己是软弱的，相反这是一种强大的表现。【41题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：回家的路上，我把车停在一条岔路上，解开安全带，和他交换了位置。A.pulledout拉出；B.pulledover靠边停车；C.pulledaway离开；D.pulledback撤退。根据空后“thecartoasideroad,unfastenedmyseatbelt,and____________placeswithhim.”可知是作者将车停在了路边，和儿子交换了位置。故选B项。【42题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回家的路上，我把车停在一条辅路上，解开安全带，和他交换了位置。A.traded做交易；B.provided提供；C.shared分享；D.took拿走。根据后文““Okay,”Isaid.“Iwantyoutodrivehome.””可知作者想让儿子开车回家，所以和儿子交换了位置。故选A项。【43题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在方向盘后面，他的身体看起来紧张而不舒服。A.impatient不耐烦的；B.indifferent冷漠的；C.uncomfortable不舒服的；D.irrelevant不相干的。根据空前“hisbodylookedtense”以及空后““Ican’tdothis.I’mnotready.””可知儿子听到要让他开车回家就表现出了紧张和不舒服。故选C项。【44题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你永远不会觉得自己准备好了。A.always总是；B.surely一定；C.forever永远；D.never永不。根据后文“Youjusthavetogoforit.”可知作者鼓励儿子必须要去争取那些自己认为没有准备好的事情，因为在不尝试之前你永远不会觉得自己准备好了。故选D项。【45题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不，”他深吸一口气，回忆起我父亲的话。“永远不要因为知道自己的极限而道歉。这是你告诉我的!”A.expected期望；B.wondered想知道；C.recalled召回；回想起；D.imagined想象。根据空后“myfather’swords.”可知是儿子想起了作者父亲的话。故选C项。【46题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一小会儿，时间停止了。A.passed经过；B.faded逐渐消失；褪色；C.froze结冰；凝固；D.flew飞翔。根据后文“Isawtheveryoldphotographforever____________inmymemory.”可知儿子的话让作者看到了那张刻在记忆深处的老照片，时间停留在了那一刻。所以说时间似乎停止了。故选C项。【47题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到了那张永远刻在我记忆里的老照片。A.pressed挤；按；压；B.struck击打；C.reflected反映；D.printed打印。根据空前“Isawtheveryoldphotographforever”以及空后“inmymemory.”可知作者儿时经历的那一幕永远地留在了作者记忆的深处。故选D项。【48题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中，我的家人手挽着手，对着镜头微笑，背景是我们决定一起乘坐的当时最高的过山车。A.looking看；面向；B.applying申请；应用；C.smiling微笑；D.accounting视为。根据空后“forthecamera,withthethentallestrollercoaster(过山车)wedecidedtoridetogetherinthebackground.NooneknewIwas____________terrified.”可知因为要乘坐最高的过山车，所以家人们都很高兴。故选C项。【49题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有人知道我暗自害怕。A.hardly几乎不；B.secretly秘密地；C.similarly相似地；D.obviously显然。根据后文“Ijustdidn’twanttobetheonetostaybehind.We____________ourwayupthelineandfinallyreachedtheend.Suddenly,mybodywasstiffwith____________,andIknew:Ijustcouldn’tdoit.”可知作者暗自害怕。故选B项。【50题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一路向前，终于到达（队伍）的终点。A.inched缓慢移动；渐进；B.found发现；C.picked挑选；D.felt感觉到。根据空后“ourwayupthelineandfinallyreachedtheend.”可知作者一家排队等着坐过山车，所以是缓慢移动。故选A项。【51题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我的身体因恐惧而僵硬，我知道：我就是做不到。A.anger愤怒；B.fear恐惧；C.sadness悲伤；D.joy快乐。根据前文“NooneknewIwas____________terrified.”以及“Suddenly,mybodywasstiffwith”可知因为害怕，作者的身体变得僵硬。故选B项。【52题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我羞于面对家人，只是回头对爸爸说我要走了。A.embarrassed尴尬的；不安的；B.disappointed失望的；C.discouraged沮丧的；D.desperate不惜冒险的。根据后文“IsimplycalledovermyshouldertoDadthatIwasleaving.”可知因为不敢坐过山车作者觉得很丢人。故选A项。【53题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：爸爸接下来说的话让我大吃一惊。A.consist