2024年6月河南省信阳市商城县丰集高中期末考试高一英语试卷（无答案）

绝密★考试结束前英语试卷考生须知：1．本卷满分150分，考试时间90分钟；2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效一、听力选择题1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Fightingfires.B．Detectingfires.C．Usingfires.2.HowmanyfiresdidCaliforniahavein2020?A．Around50.B．About400.C．Over8600.3.Whatsizeoffirecanthenewsatellitesdiscover?A．Sizeofacar.B．Sizeofaplane.C．Sizeofasportsfield.4.Whatismoreimportanttothewoman?A．Savinganimals.B．Savingthetrees.C．Savinghumans.5.WhenwillthenexttraintoBedfordleave?A．At9:45.B．At10:15.C．At11:00.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whatisthemandoing?A．WatchingTV.B．Enjoyingaparty.C．Lookingforhisclothes.7.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A．Plantatree.B．Movehiscar.C．Checkthemap.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.WhyisKathyinCalifornianow?A．Sheisonvacationthere.B．Shehasjustmovedthere.C．Sheisdoingbusinessthere.9.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A．Hewenttoaschool.B．Hetalkedwithhisfriend.C．HesawafilmonTV.10.WhatdoesKathythankDavefor?A．Findingheranewjob.B．Sendingherapresent.C．Callingonhermother.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11.HowdidJackgotoschoolwhenhewasachild?A．Bybike.B．Onfoot.C．Bybus.12.WhatisJack'sattitudetowardparentsdrivingtheirkidstoschool?A．Disapproving.B．Encouraging.C．Understanding.13.Whatistheproblemwithsomeparentsaccordingtothewoman?A．Overprotectingtheirchildren.B．Pushingtheirchildrentoohard.C．Havingnotimefortheirchildren.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.WhydidMariepostherkitchengardeningonlineatfirst?A．Tokeeprecordsofherprogress.B．Tosellhome-grownvegetables.C．Tomotivateherfellowgardeners.15.WhydoesMarierecommendbeginnerstogrowstrawberries?A．Theyneednospecialcare.B．Theycanbeusedincooking.C．Theybearalotoffruitsoon.16.WhatisdifficultforMarietogrow?A．Herbs.B．Carrots.C．Pears.17.WhatisMarie'sadvicetothoseinterestedinkitchengardening?A．Aimhigh.B．Keepfocused.C．Stayoptimistic.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.Whatis"LifeofJohnson"?A．Amagazinecolumn.B．ATVseries.C．Ahistoricalnovel.19.WhatisJohnsonfamousfor?A．Hisactingtalent.B．Hishumorouswriting.C．Hislongsportscareer.20.WhendidJohnsonjoin

SportsTimes?A．In1981.B．In1983.C．In1985.阅读理解ACracksareverycommoninconcretestructuresduetovariouschemicalandphysicalphenomenathatoccurduringeverydayuse.Andtinycrackscanbequiteharmfulbecausetheyprovideaneasyrouteinforliquidsandgasses—andtheharmfulsubstancestheymightcontain.Forinstance,micro-crackscanallowwaterandoxygentoinfiltrateandthencorrodethesteel,leadingtostructuralfailure.Butcontinuousmaintenanceandrepairworkisdifficultbecauseitusuallyrequiresanenormousamountoflaborandinvestment.Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtheseharmfulcrackscouldhealthemselveswithouthumanintervention.Theideawasoriginallyinspiredbytheamazingabilityofthehumanbodytohealitselfofcuts,bruisesandbrokenbones.Apersontakesinnutrientswhichthebodyusestoproducenewsubstitutestohealdamagedtissues.Inthesameway,canweprovidenecessaryproductstoconcretetofillincrackswhendamagehappens?Throughlongtimeresearch,scientistshavefoundanunusualcandidatetohelpconcretehealitself:afunguscalled

T.reesei.Itisfoundthatascalciumhydroxidefromconcretedissolvedinwater,thepHofthefungalgrowthmediumincreasedfromaclose-to-neutraloriginalvalueof6.5allthewaytoaveryalkaline13.0.Ofallthefungitested,only

T.reesei

couldsurvivethisenvironment.DespitethedrasticpHincrease,itssporesgerminatedintothreadlikehyphalmyceliumandgrewequallywellwithorwithoutconcrete.Scientistsproposeincludingfungalspores,togetherwithnutrients,duringtheinitialmixingprocesswhenbuildinganewconcretestructure.Whentheinevitablecrackingoccursandwaterfindsitswayin,thedormantfungalsporeswillgerminate.Astheygrow,they’llworkasacatalystwithinthecalcium-richconditionsoftheconcretetopromoteprecipitationofcalciumcarbonatecrystals.Thesemineraldepositscanfillinthecracks.Whenthecracksarecompletelycaulkedandnomorewatercanenter,thefungiwillagainformspores.Ifcracksformagainandenvironmentalconditionsbecomefavorable,thesporescouldwakeupandrepeattheprocess.T.reesei

iseco-friendly,posingnoknownrisktohumanhealth.Infact,

T.reesei

hasalonghistoryofsafeuseinindustrial-scaleproductionofcarbohydraseenzymes,suchascellulase,whichplaysanimportantroleinfermentationprocessesduringwinemaking.Ofcourse,researcherswillneedtoconductathoroughassessmenttoinvestigateanypossibleimmediateandlong-termeffectsontheenvironmentandhumanhealthpriortoitsuseasahealingagentinconcreteinfrastructure.21.Accordingtothepassage,tinycracksinconcretestructuresmayleadto________.A．DisfunctionevencollapseoftheentirestructureB．ContinuousmaintenanceandrebuildingC．LeakageofliquidsandgassesD．Wasteofwaterandoxygen22.Whatcanweknowabout

T.reesei?A．Itiswidelyusedinbuildingconcretestructures.B．Itcansurviveinextremeenvironment.C．Itcanhelptheconcretecracksheal.D．Itisanewlydiscoveredfungi.23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．T.reeseimightbeusedonhuman.B．Theresearchisstillatitsinitiallystage.C．T.reeseiisunreplaceableinwinemaking.D．T.reeseihaslong-termeffectsonhumanhealthB“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A．He’sodd.B．He’sstrict.C．He’sbrave.D．He’srude.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A．Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B．Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C．Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D．Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A．ToproveFarber’spoint.B．Toemphasizeitsimportance.C．Topraiseveterinarians.D．Toadvocateanimalprotection.CIscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethrough

whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A．Seemunlikelytolast.B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Becomereadytouse.D．Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A．Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B．Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C．Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D．Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A．Theycanholdstudents'attention.B．Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C．Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D．Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.DIntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A．Theyarebecomingoutdated.B．Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C．Theyarelimitedinnumber.D．Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A．Threatenedspecies.B．Physicalspecimens.C．Observationaldata.D．Mobileapplications.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A．Mistakesindataanalysis.B．Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C．Improperwayofsampling.D．Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A．Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B．Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C．Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D．Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.ENotallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).

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Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.

37

Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.Iusethe

ConciseOxfordDictionary

andthe

CollinsThesaurus.

38

Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyofthe

ShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.

39

However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson's

DictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage

publishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".

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Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E．Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F．Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G．Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.完形填空LittleJarrellwastestinghismountainbikeroadoutsideofColumbus,Georgia,whenhisridingpartner,ChrisDixon,stoppedsuddenly.Somethinginthedistance

_______

amongthetreescaughtherattention.It

_______

tobeasandy-coloredfive-month-oldGreatDanemix.Hewasskinny,andhadalotofroadrashanda

_______

leg.Thecyclistsfedthefriendlypupand

_______

theirwater.Theyweremorethansevenmilesfrom

_______

andridingbikes.''Wecouldn't

_______

him,"Littletoldhispartner.He

_______

pickeduphisnewfriendandslippedthedog'shindlegsintothebackpocketsofhiscyclingjersey.Thenheputthedog's

_______

pawsoverhisshoulders.The30-minuterideintotown"

_______

atabikestore,wheretheygotmorewaterand

__________

forthedog.ThatwaswhenAndreaShaw,awomanfromMaineintownonbusiness,

__________

by.Thedogmadeabeelineforher,lickingher.Shawwas

__________

and,afterlearningwhathadhappened,declaredher

__________

:Iamkeepingthisdog.ShawcalledhimColumbo

__________

thetownwherethey'dmetandscheduledanoperationonhisleg.Today,Columboislivingthehigh

__________

onafarmwithahorse,apony,asix-year-oldboy,andtwocoondogstokeephimcompany.1.A．callingB．movingC．standingD．sleeping2.A．turnedoutB．lookedC．foundoutD．figured3.A．dirtyB．brokenC．burntD．beaten4.A．sharedB．drankC．pouredD．finished5.A．schoolB．homeC．villageD．downtown6.A．takeB．carryC．leaveD．keep7.A．quicklyB．carefullyC．naturalD．finally8.A．frontB．otherC．hurtD．injured9.A．turnedB．reachedC．arrivedD．ended10.A．medicineB．careC．foodD．rest11.A．happenedB．madeC．stoppedD．moved12.A．excitedB．touchedC．shockedD．annoyed13.A．luckB．wishC．intentionD．mind14.A．atB．inC．fromD．after15.A．friendshipB．wayC．lifeD．chance语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。August3rdisWatermelonDay,anannualholidaythatcelebrateseveryone’sfavoritesummerfruit.

56

(make)ofalmost92%water,thefruitisfullofvitaminAandvitaminCandantioxidants(抗氧化剂).Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Getyourselfafewslicesofwatermelon

57

(celebrate)thisdeliciousholiday.Watermelonisanancientfoodthat

58

(believe)tohaveoriginatedinAfrica.Historianshavefoundevidenceofwatermelonplantingasfarbackas4,000yearsago.Today,

59

(variety)ofthefruitaregrowninwarmpartsoftheworld.Becauseof

60

(it)highwatercontent,watermelonisakindofthirst-quenching(解渴的)fruit.Infact,intheKalahariDesert,

61

watermeloniscalled“tsamma”,itisoneofthemainsourcesofwaterduringthedry,hotseason.Inthepast,people

62

(go)acrossthedesertonlyduringagoodtsammaseason.Somestudieshaveshownthattheantioxidantsinwatermeloncanreducetheriskofsometypesofcancer.Moreover,allpartsofthefruitareeatable.Itsfleshcanbeeaten

63

(direct)orjuiced.Inmanypartsoftheworld,

64

thickgreenoutercoveringofthefruitserves

65

adish,anditsseedsaredried,roastedandenjoyedlikenuts.五、书信写作66.你们学校的运动会将如期举行，目前正在招募志愿者。假如你是李华，红星中学的一名学生，希望能成为其中一员，请用英文给组委会写一封申请信，内容包括：

1.个人介绍；

2.自身优势；

3.强烈意愿。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearSir/Madam,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua六、书面表达67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ihadbeenworkinginagamereserve(野生动物保护区)inSouthAfricaformanyyears.ThoughapartofmelongedforthebusyfamiliarityofParis,IknewmylifewasinSouthAfrica.Onenighttherewasasharpknockonmydoor.Iwasn’texpectingavisitor.“Francoise?It’sme,”awomanwhispered.Ithrewopenthedoor.“Amanda?What’swrong?”Amanda,athinyoungwoman,wasourchef.Shemotionedformetocomeoutside.“There’sababyElliehere.”“Anelephant?”“She’srightoverthere,tinyandterrified.”“ItmustbeET’sbabydaughter,”Isaid.Amandaexplainedthatshe’dheardanoiseoutsideherroom.She’dtakenherflashlight,openedthedoorandshineditacrossthegarden.Atinyelephantstaredbackather,eyesinterror.Notknowingwha