浙江省温州市浙南名校联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页2024学年第二学期浙南名校联盟寒假返校联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟;2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字;3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效;4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacakeshop.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.2.Whatwillthemando?AUploadhisproposal.B.Workonhistask.C.Checkthewebconnection.3.Howdoesthemansound?A.Annoyed.B.Considerate.C.Confused.4.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$300.B.$290.C.$270.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Viewinganapartment.B.Arrangingamove.C.Sellingahouse.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whendidthewomangettoknowabouttheshow?A.Whenshewasreadingatthelibrary.B.Whenshewasvisitingthemuseum.C.Whenshewasgoingdowntown.7.Whichworkofartcaughttheman’sattention?A.Astatue.B.Apainting.C.Abowl.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatwillPaulobeinchargeof?A.Callingtheprinters.B.Preparingfood&drinks.C.Contactingtheconferencehall.9.Whowillberesponsiblefortheinformationdesk?A.Leon.B.Amy.C.Jonah.10.WhywillAmycontactPaulolater?A.Todiscusstheconferenceschedule.B.Toupdatehimonherworkprogress.C.Toconfirmthenumberofattendees.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhathousesdidthewomanseeinVietnam?A.Rockhouses.B.Cavehouses.C.Bamboohouses.12.WhydidthehousesinTunisiaappearintheStarWarsfilms?A.Theylookunreal.B.TheyareRomanstyle.C.Theyaremadeofrock.13.WhywasthewomanamazedatthehousesinCappadocia?A.Theywerebuilthigh.B.Theyformed700yearsago.C.Theyarestillusedaspeople’shouses.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhyareMax’snaturedocumentariessuccessful?A.Theyareadvertisedaroundtheworld.B.Theyaretailoredtoviewers’tastes.C.Theyaretechnicallyperfect.15.WhatisthemostimportantthingforMaxbeforeafilmtrip?A.Formingaproductionteam.B.Preparinghimselfphysically.C.Studyingthetargetcreatures.16.WhatisthemostdifficultthingoffilmingunderwaterforMax?A.Wildlifeattacks.B.Equipmentdamage.C.Limitedunderwatertime.17.WhatdoesMaxkeepfilming?A.Sharks.B.Whales.C.Dolphins.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatistheadvantageofworkinginabookstore?A.Earningagoodincome.B.Learningtorunstores.C.Gainingcommunicationskills.19.Whatarestudentsadvisedtodowhenprovidingpet-careservices?A.Startabusinessofficefirst.B.Setalowerpriceatthebeginning.C.Researcheachcustomer’spreference.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Knowingaboutmorefields.B.Workingasanofficeworker.C.Choosingmarketingasamajor.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheGlobalImpactInternship(实习)Programisdesignedtoenhanceskillsandprovidevaluableworkexperience.AninternshipinGlobalImpactalsobuildscharacter,providesasenseoffulfillment,andmakesameaningfuldifferenceinourworld.It’ssomethingyoujustwon’tfindelsewhere.Onceaccepted,youwillreceive24/7supportthroughoutyourstay,ensuringyouareneveralone.Eachinternshipistailoredtomeetyourindividualgoals,allowingyoutolearn,work,andgrow.GlobalImpactalsooffersvirtualinternshipsinover20countries,providingflexibilityandaccessibility.ProjectOptions:●ChildrenandEducation:Workinclassrooms,after-schoolprograms,andcommunitycenterswhileimmersingyourselfinlocalculture.●GlobalHealth:Collaboratewithhealthprofessionalsinareaslikenursinganddentistry,gaininginsightsintoglobalhealthcarechallenges.●EnvironmentalConservation:Engageinconservationefforts,wildlifecare,andenvironmentaleducationprojects.●CulturalExchange:Contributetothepreservationandpromotionoflocalheritagewhilefosteringcross-culturalunderstanding.InternshipRequirements:●Minimuminternshipof4weeks.●Submissionoflearningobjectivesbeforetheprogramstarts.●Completionofafinalevaluationandreflectionassignment.●AttendanceatGlobalImpact’strainingseminars.●Atotalfeeof$895,includinga$300deposit.1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheGlobalImpactInternshipProgram?A.Toboostlanguageskills. B.Toprovidefinancialassistance.C.Topromoteself-development. D.Tohelpachieveacademicsuccess.2.Whichprojectwillappealtotheinternsinterestedintheconservationofancientrelics?A.ChildrenandEducation. B.GlobalHealth.C.CulturalExchange. D.EnvironmentalConservation.3.Whataretheinternsrequiredtodo?A.Completea4-weektrainingperiod. B.Presentlearninggoalsinadvance.C.Giveevaluationonthefinalassignment. D.Payatotalregistrationfeeof$1,195.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了全球影响力项目计划的目的，项目选择和实习要求。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheGlobalImpactInternship(实习)Programisdesignedtoenhanceskillsandprovidevaluableworkexperience.AninternshipinGlobalImpactalsobuildscharacter,providesasenseoffulfillment,andmakesameaningfuldifferenceinourworld.(全球影响力实习计划旨在提高技能并提供宝贵的工作经验。在GlobalImpact的实习也会塑造性格，提供一种成就感，并为我们的世界带来有意义的改变)”可知，该实习项目旨在提高技能、提供有价值的工作经验，还能塑造品格、提供成就感，这些都有助于自我发展，所以其主要目的是促进自我发展。故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据ProjectOptions部分的“CulturalExchange:Contributetothepreservationandpromotionoflocalheritagewhilefosteringcross-culturalunderstanding.(文化交流：在促进跨文化理解的同时，促进当地遗产的保护和推广)”可推知，文化交流项目有助于保护和促进当地遗产，所以对古代遗迹保护感兴趣的实习生会对文化交流项目感兴趣。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据InternshipRequirements部分的“Submissionoflearningobjectivesbeforetheprogramstarts.(课程开始前提交学习目标)”可知，实习生需要在项目开始前提交学习目标，即提前展示学习目标。故选B项。BFeifeiLi’sjourneyfromateenagerinChinatoaleadingfigureinartificialintelligenceisnothingshortofremarkable.BorninBeijingin1976,LigrewupinChengdu.HerlifetookadramaticturnwhenherfamilymovedtoAmerica.Initially,thefamilydidn’tspeakEnglish,sotheburdenoftranslationfellonLi.Shecreditedkindteachersathernewhighschoolforhelpingherovercomechallenges,asshedevelopedlanguageskillsandregainedheracademicexcellence.Outsideschool,sheworkedtirelesslyinlow-payingjobstosupportherfamily.Duringthisperiod,shefeltlikeanoutsiderwithfewfriends,sufferingfromisolation(孤独).Despitethesehardships,shewasacceptedintoPrincetontostudyphysics.In1999,Ligraduatedwithhonors,beforegoingontocompleteherPh.D.andeventuallyjoiningPrinceton’scomputersciencedepartmentasanassistantprofessor.AtPrinceton,LibegantopioneerImageNet,alarge-scaleimagedatabaseinvisualobjectrecognitionsoftware.Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet,whichinvolvedamassivelabelingeffortforoverthreemillionimages.InsteadofgettingsupportwithinthePrincetondepartment,sheoutsourced(外包)thetasktotheInternet,usinganAmazon’sprogramtoparcelthejobouttoremoteworkersaroundtheglobe.BeforelongImageNetwascompleted,andithassubsequentlyhadanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Thedatabasehasnowgrowntooverfourteenmillionimages,andisafundamentalpartofcountlessAIapplications,likeself-drivingcartechnology.Beyondhertechnicalcontributions,LiisafaithfuladvocateformoralAIdevelopment.ShefoundedtheHuman-CenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.Moreover,Li’sinfluenceextendstopromotingdiversityinAI,throughinitiativeslikeAI4ALL,whicheducateshistoricallyexcludedtalentsinthefield.HerdevotiontoAIdevelopmentearnsherthenameof“theGodmotherofAI”.4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Li’spursuitoffurtherexcellence. B.Li’sstrugglesinthenewlife.C.Li’seffortsinbalancingstudiesandwork. D.Li’sgratitudetoherteachers.5.WhatisspecialaboutImageNet?A.Itrecognizesasingleobjectatatime. B.Itproducesahugenumberofimages.C.Itautomatesimage-recognitionprocess. D.Itfeaturesextensiveimagerecognition.6.WhydoestheauthormentiontheHuman-CenteredAIInstitute?A.TopraiseLi’soutstandingtechnicalcompetence.B.TohighlightLi’sstatusintheAIresearchfield.C.TodemonstrateLi’sdevotiontomoralAIdevelopment.D.ToemphasizeLi’sinfluenceonadvancingdiversityinAI.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLi’scharacter?A.Creativeandcaring. B.Ambitiousandoptimistic.C.Cautiousandpatriotic. D.Conventionalanddetermined.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了李飞飞从中国青少年成长为人工智能领军人物的非凡历程，包括她在美生活的艰辛、科研成就以及对道德AI发展和行业多样性的贡献。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“HerlifetookadramaticturnwhenherfamilymovedtoAmerica.Initially,thefamilydidn’tspeakEnglish,sotheburdenoftranslationfellonLi.Shecreditedkindteachersathernewhighschoolforhelpingherovercomechallenges,asshedevelopedlanguageskillsandregainedheracademicexcellence.Outsideschool,sheworkedtirelesslyinlowpayingjobstosupportherfamily.Duringthisperiod,shefeltlikeanoutsiderwithfewfriends,sufferingfromisolation(孤独).(当她家人搬到美国时，她的生活发生了巨大的转变。起初，她的家人不会说英语，所以翻译的重担落在了李的身上。她感谢新高中善良的老师帮助她克服挑战，因为她发展了语言技能，重新恢复了学业上的优异表现。校外，她不知疲倦地从事低薪工作来养家。在此期间，她觉得自己像个局外人，朋友很少，饱受孤独之苦)”可知，该段主要讲述了李飞飞在新生活中面临语言、学业、工作和社交等方面的种种困难和挣扎。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“AtPrinceton,LibegantopioneerImageNet,alargescaleimagedatabaseinvisualobjectrecognitionsoftware.Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet,whichinvolvedamassivelabelingeffortforoverthreemillionimages.(在普林斯顿大学，李飞飞开始开创ImageNet，这是一个用于视觉目标识别软件的大规模图像数据库。她对同行们一次训练计算机识别一张图像的低效方法感到沮丧，于是她根据儿童的视觉学习方法让计算机接触大量的物体。这促成了ImageNet的创建，该数据库涉及对超过三百万张图像进行大规模的标注工作)”可知，ImageNet的特别之处在于它具有广泛的图像识别功能。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Beyondhertechnicalcontributions,LiisafaithfuladvocateformoralAIdevelopment.ShefoundedtheHumanCenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.(除了技术贡献之外，李飞飞是道德人工智能发展的坚定倡导者。她创立了以人为本的人工智能研究所，以推进改善人类状况的人工智能研究)”可知，作者提到以人为本的人工智能研究所是为了证明李飞飞对道德人工智能发展的奉献。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet(她对同行们一次训练计算机识别一张图像的低效方法感到沮丧，于是她根据儿童的视觉学习方法让计算机接触大量的物体。这促成了ImageNet的创建)”可知，她不局限于传统方法，而是创造性地开创了ImageNet，体现了她的创造性；根据第五段中“ShefoundedtheHumanCenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.Moreover,Li’sinfluenceextendstopromotingdiversityinAI,throughinitiativeslikeAI4ALL,whicheducateshistoricallyexcludedtalentsinthefield.(她创立了以人为本的人工智能研究所，以推进改善人类状况的人工智能研究。此外，李飞飞的影响力还延伸到促进人工智能领域的多样性，通过像AI4ALL这样的倡议，该倡议为该领域历史上被排除在外的人才提供教育)”可知，她关心人类状况和行业人才的多样性，体现了她的爱心。所以她是有创造力且有爱心的。故选A项。COurearliestancestorstrappedorhuntedwhatmeattheyate.Whenwelearnedtodomesticate(驯化)animals,weraisedthemonourland,orwewanderedthelandwithourherds.Nomatterwhichtribewebelongedto,ouranimalswereourproperty.Weatetheirfleshinsmallportions,andweatealmosteverybitofthem,especiallythepoorestamongus.TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedmeat.Inthe19thcentury,refrigerationenabledmeattobetruckedinfromfaraway,orshippedfromevenfurtheraway,whicheventuallyledtothedestroyingofforestsinplaceslikeBrazil.Productionthenbecamemoreefficient.Bythelate1940s,antibiotics(抗生素)becameroutineinchickenfeed.Bythelate1990s,geneticallymodified(转基因的)cornandsoybroughtabundantcropsofanimalfeed.Animalswerebredtobebiggerandfaster-growing.IntheU.S.,governmentsubsidies(补贴)helped:freegroundwater,federallybackedloans,priceguaranteesforfeedcrops.Andmeatwentbig.Todaythe$1trillionglobalmeatindustryisdominatedbyahandfulofcompanies,includingJBS,Cargill,andTyson.Since1961,meatproductionhasincreasedfourtimes,dwarfingthegrowthinthehumanpopulation,whichmerelydoubled.Meatwentfrombeingspecialtobeinganeverydayright.Themorewedeveloped,themorefleshweate.China’smeatconsumptionjumpedsharply,fromabout6.6poundsperpersonin1961tomorethan140poundsin2024.ButtheUnitedStatesbecamethelionsofPlanetCarnivore(食肉动物).Onaverage,Americanswentfromeatingaround207poundsofmeatin1961to280poundsin2024,andchickencametodominate.Itwasn’tjustchickenconsumptionthatchanged.Followachickentrucktothebutchery—continuedforestdestruction,analarmingriseinantibiotic-resistantbacteria,ever-increasinggreenhousegasemissions—andyourealizewhatadarkshadowwehavecastoverwherewelive.8.HowdidtheIndustrialRevolutionaffectmeat?A.Itcausedasharpfallinthepriceofmeat. B.Itdecreasedthenutritionalvalueofmeat.C.Itrestrictedtheuseofantibioticsinmeat. D.Itrevolutionizedmeatproductionanddistribution.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwarfing”meaninparagraph3?A.Makingsomethingseemsmall. B.Greatlyexpandingsomething.C.Matchingsomethinginnumber. D.Negativelyimpactingsomething.10.Howdoestheauthorshowtherapidincreaseinmeatconsumption?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bygivingexplanations.C.Byintroducingaconcept. D.Bymakingaprediction.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AntibioticsHasTransformedChickenFeed B.GlobalCompaniesDominateMeatIndustryC.OurTasteforFleshHasExhaustedtheEarth D.MeatProductionResultsinForestDestruction【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肉类生产从早期到现在的变化，阐述了工业化对肉类生产的影响、肉类消费的增长情况以及由此带来的环境问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedmeat.Inthe19thcentury,refrigerationenabledmeattobetruckedinfromfaraway,orshippedfromevenfurtheraway,whicheventuallyledtothedestroyingofforestsinplaceslikeBrazil.Productionthenbecamemoreefficient.Bythelate1940s,antibiotics(抗生素)becameroutineinchickenfeed.Bythelate1990s,geneticallymodified(转基因的)cornandsoybroughtabundantcropsofanimalfeed.Animalswerebredtobebiggerandfaster-growing.(工业革命改变了肉类。19世纪，制冷技术使肉类可以从遥远的地方用卡车运来，甚至从更远的地方运来，这最终导致了巴西等地森林的破坏。随后生产变得更有效率。到20世纪40年代末，抗生素在鸡饲料中成为常规添加物。到20世纪90年代末，转基因玉米和大豆带来了丰富的动物饲料作物。动物被培育得更大、生长更快)”可知，工业革命在肉类的生产(如培育动物、饲料变化等)和运输(制冷技术使远距离运输成为可能)方面带来了巨大变革。故选D项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Since1961,meatproductionhasincreasedfourtimes,dwarfingthegrowthinthehumanpopulation,whichmerelydoubled.(自1961年以来，肉类产量增长了四倍，dwarfing人口的增长，而人口仅增长了一倍)”可知，肉类产量增长四倍，而人口只增长一倍，对比之下，人口增长就显得很少了。所以“dwarfing”意思是“使某物显得小”。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“China’smeatconsumptionjumpedsharply,fromabout6.6poundsperpersonin1961tomorethan140poundsin2024.ButtheUnitedStatesbecamethelionsofPlanetCarnivore(食肉动物).Onaverage,Americanswentfromeatingaround207poundsofmeatin1961to280poundsin2024,andchickencametodominate.(中国的肉类消费量急剧上升，从1961年人均约6.6磅增加到2024年的超过140磅。但美国成了地球上的食肉“霸主”。平均而言，美国人从1961年每人约吃207磅肉增加到2024年的280磅，鸡肉占据了主导地位)”可知，作者通过对比不同年份中国和美国的人均肉类消费量，来体现肉类消费的快速增长。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“Followachickentrucktothebutchery—continuedforestdestruction,analarmingriseinantibioticresistantbacteria,everincreasinggreenhousegasemissions—andyourealizewhatadarkshadowwehavecastoverwherewelive.(跟着一辆运鸡的卡车到屠宰场——持续的森林破坏、抗抗生素细菌的惊人增加、不断增加的温室气体排放——你就会意识到我们给我们生活的地方投下了多么黑暗的阴影)”可知，文章主要讲述了人类对肉类的大量需求和消费导致了一系列环境问题，地球不堪重负。C选项“OurTasteforFleshHasExhaustedtheEarth(我们对肉类的喜好让地球不堪重负)”能概括文章主旨，适合做标题。故选C项。DTwinshavebeenrareinhumanhistoryandforthatreasoncanseemspecial.Manyculturesassociatetwinswithhealthandenergy,whileothersseethemasareminderoftheduality(双重性)oflifeanddeath,goodandevil,andsomefamoustwinsareevencreditedwiththebirthofnations.Despitethefactthatalmostallprimates(灵长目动物)today,includinghumans,usuallygivebirthtojustonebaby,ourmostrecentcommonancientancestors,wholivedabout60millionyearsagolikelygavebirthtotwinsasthestandard,accordingtotherecentresearch.Researchershavebeenstudyingtheevolutionoflittersize—thenumberofbabiesbornperpregnancy—foryearstofindoutwhenandwhytwinpregnanciesbecameuncommon.Andthebestwaytoreconstructthehistoryoflittersizeistomaptheknownlittersizeofasmanyspeciesaspossibleacrossthemammalianfamilytreeandthenusedmathematicalmodels.Butoutsideofrareeventswhereentireanimalfamiliesarefossilizedtogether,itisextraordinarilydifficulttoassesslittersizeforextinctspeciesfromthefossilizedskeleton(骨骼)alone.Sotheyinsteadcollecteddataonasmanylivingmammalsaspossible,fromnearly1,000livingmammalspeciesforinformationabouthowmanybabiesarecommonlyborntoeachspecies.Basedonthestudy,theswitchtosinglebirthsinmanyprimates,includinghumans,occurredatleast50millionyearsago,leadingtotheevolutionofincreasinglylargerbodiesandbrains.Thisadaptationallowedforthedevelopmentoflargehumanbabieswithsizablebrainscapableofcomplexlearningasbabiesandyoungchildren,andincreasedtheirchancesofsurvival.Furthermore,becausemultiplepregnancyrequiresmoreenergyfromthemother,earlyprimateancestorswhogavebirthtojustonelargebabymayhavebeenatasurvivaladvantage.Thefindingsdon’tmeanthathavingtwinstodayisadisadvantage.Thatisquiteadifferentexperiencefromourtinyprimateancestorsbirthinginthetrees60millionyearsago.12.Whatdoweknowabouttwinsinhumanhistory?A.Twinbirthhasbeenrelativelyinfrequent.B.Twinsareviewedasasymbolofharmony.C.Twinsaremorelikelytobecomenationfounders.D.Twinbirthhasseenanoticeableincreaseinrecenttimes.13.Whichapproachwasadoptedinthestudyoflittersizeevolution?A.Drawingmammalianfamilytrees. B.Employinglivingmammaldata.C.Constructmodelsofextinctspecies. D.Assessingfossilizedskeletons.14.Whatledtotheshiftfromtwinstosinglebirthaccordingtothestudy?A.Thegrowingpreferenceforsinglebirthsamonghumans.B.Theincreasingcomplexityofsocialstructureinprimatesocieties.C.Thenecessityformotherstoconserveenergyduringtheparentingprocess.D.Thenaturalprocessofgeneticdevelopmentofbodysizeandbraincapacity.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstwins’evolution?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Approving. D.Ambiguous.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于双胞胎在人类历史和灵长目动物进化中的相关研究和发现，探讨了双胞胎出生频率的变化及其背后的进化原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Twinshavebeenrareinhumanhistoryandforthatreasoncanseemspecial.(在人类历史上，双胞胎一直较为罕见，正因如此，他们似乎显得很特别。)”可知，在人类历史上，双胞胎一直很罕见，即双胞胎的出生相对不常见。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sotheyinsteadcollecteddataonasmanylivingmammalsaspossible,fromnearly1,000livingmammalspeciesforinformationabouthowmanybabiesarecommonlyborntoeachspecies.(因此，他们转而尽可能多地收集现存哺乳动物的数据，从近1000种现存的哺乳动物物种中获取有关每个物种通常生育多少幼崽的信息。)”可知，研究人员在研究产仔数量的进化过程中，采用的方法是收集尽可能多的现存哺乳动物的数据。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Basedonthestudy,theswitchtosinglebirthsinmanyprimates,includinghumans,occurredatleast50millionyearsago,leadingtotheevolutionofincreasinglylargerbodiesandbrains.Thisadaptationallowedforthedevelopmentoflargehumanbabieswithsizablebrainscapableofcomplexlearningasbabiesandyoungchildren,andincreasedtheirchancesofsurvival.Furthermore,becausemultiplepregnancyrequiresmoreenergyfromthemother,earlyprimateancestorswhogavebirthtojustonelargebabymayhavebeenatasurvivaladvantage.(根据这项研究，包括人类在内的许多灵长目动物向单胎生育的转变至少发生在5000万年前，这导致了身体和大脑逐渐进化得越来越大。这种适应性变化使得人类能够生育出大脑发育良好的大型婴儿，这些婴儿和幼儿具备复杂的学习能力，并且增加了他们的生存几率。此外，由于多胎妊娠需要母亲消耗更多的能量，因此早期只生育一个大型婴儿的灵长目动物祖先可能在生存方面具有优势。)”可知，向单胎出生的转变导致了身体和大脑的进化，而生育一个大宝宝的早期灵长类祖先可能具有生存优势，也就是说身体大小和脑容量的遗传发展的自然过程导致了从双胞胎到单胎出生的转变。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章中作者先介绍了在人类历史上双胞胎的一些情况，如在不同文化中的象征意义，以及双胞胎在历史上较为罕见这一事实。接着详细阐述了关于灵长目动物每胎产仔数量演变的研究过程，包括研究的方法、研究结果。再根据最后一段“Thefindingsdon’tmeanthathavingtwinstodayisadisadvantage.Thatisquiteadifferentexperiencefromourtinyprimateancestorsbirthinginthetrees60millionyearsago.(这些发现并不意味着如今生育双胞胎是不利的。这与我们6000万年前在树上生育后代的小型灵长目动物祖先的经历截然不同。)”可知，作者只是客观地陈述研究发现。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文中的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Atsomepoint,everyonehasfacedunkindremarksoractions.Whetherit’steasingfromclassmatesorharshwordsfrompeers,dealingwithsuchsituationscanbechallenging.____16____Herearesometipstohelpyourespondeffectivelyandbuildyourconfidence.Practicecomebacks.Quick,confidentreplies-knownascomebacks-canstopbulliesintheirtracks.Insteadofwaitingfortheperfectmoment,trypracticing.Askafriendorasympatheticadulttorole-playwithyou.Ifyoudon’tfeelcomfortablewiththis,youcantryitonyourowninthemirror.Noticewhichstyleofcomebackfeelsmostnaturaltoyou.Forexample,ifhumordoesn’tfeelnatural,acalmresponselike“Areyoufinished?”maybemoreeffective.____17____Learnalittleaboutyourbully.Bulliesareusuallyverysociallyintelligentandgreatpeople-readers.Theycaneasilyseewhichcommentsgetunderpeople’sskin.Youcanbenefitfrombuildingupthissameskill,butusingitfordefenseinsteadofforaggression(likethebully).Watchthebully’sreactionwhenyoudeliveryourcomebackandthereactionofothersaroundhim.Didherespondwithsurpriseorwalkaway?____18____Watchforpatternsandmakenoteofwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t.____19____Sometimescomebackscanleadtomoreinsultsandevenviolence.Keepaneyeoutforsignsthatthepersonisbecomingaggressive.Thepersonmaytouchhisheadorfaceandclench(握紧)hisfists.Thepersonmayremoveanarticleofclothing,andmaycrouchdownslightly.Inaddition,thepersonmayturnhisnon-dominantsidetowardyou;so,aleft-handedpersonmayturnhisrightsidetowardyou.Ifyounoticeanyofthesebehaviors,donottrytomakeacomebackandbackawayfromtheperson.Gethelp.Ifsomeoneisbullyingyouregularly,gethelpfromateacheroraparent.____20____Ifyoucan’tsolvetheprobleminformally,getsomeoneinapositionofauthorityinvolved.Youshouldn’thavetodealwithconstantinsultsfromabullyinanysituation.A.Comeupwithsafetyideas.B.Watchforphysicalsignalsofviolence.C.Thenthecomebackstyleusedwassuccessful.D.Bulliesarelesslikelytopickonyouifyouaren’talone.E.Youcanalsogetinalotoftroubleforusingthesekindsofinsults.F.Whileignoringthemsometimesworks,amoreactiveapproachisoftenneeded.G.Usewhatworksbestforyouuntilyoucanpracticeandusetheothermethodseffectively.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.B20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对他人不友善言行时，如何有效回应和增强自信的一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Atsomepoint,everyonehasfacedunkindremarksoractions.Whetherit’steasingfromclassmatesorharshwordsfrompeers,dealingwithsuchsituationscanbechallenging.(在某个时刻，每个人都曾面对过不友善的言论或行为。无论是来自同学的嘲笑还是同龄人的严厉言辞，应对这类情况都可能颇具挑战性。)”指出人们会遇到不友善情况且应对有挑战，F选项“Whileignoringthemsometimesworks,amoreactiveapproachisoftenneeded.(虽然有时忽视它们会起作用，但通常需要更积极的方法。)”既提到了常见的忽视方法，又引出后文要介绍积极应对的建议，与上下文逻辑连贯。故选F项。【17题详解】上文“Noticewhichstyleofcomebackfeelsmostnaturaltoyou.Forexample,ifhumordoesn’tfeelnatural,acalmresponselike‘Areyoufinished?’maybemoreeffective.(注意哪种回应方式对你来说最自然。例如，如果幽默对你来说不自然，像‘你说完了吗?’这样冷静的回应可能更有效。)”强调要找到适合自己的回应方式，G选项“Usewhatworksbestforyouuntilyoucanpracticeandusetheothermethodseffectively.(使用最适合你的方法，直到你能有效练习并使用其他方法。)”承接上文，进一步说明先使用适合自己的方式，符合逻辑。故选G项。【18题详解】上文“Watchthebully’sreactionwhenyoudeliveryourcomebackandthereactionofothersaroundhim.Didherespondwithsurpriseorwalkaway?(当你做出回应时，观察欺负者的反应以及他周围其他人的反应。他是惊讶地回应还是走开了?)”提出要观察欺负者的反应，C选项“Thenthecomebackstyleusedwassuccessful.(那么所使用的回应方式就是成功的。)”根据上文提到的欺负者的反应，得出回应方式成功的结论，逻辑合理。故选C项。【19题详解】下文“Sometimescomebackscanleadtomoreinsultsandevenviolence.Keepaneyeoutforsignsthatthepersonisbecomingaggressive.(有时回应可能会导致更多的侮辱甚至暴力。留意那个人变得有攻击性的迹象。)”主要围绕留意暴力的身体信号展开，B选项“Watchforphysicalsignalsofviolence.(留意暴力的身体信号。)”与下文内容一致，起到了总领段落的作用。故选B项。【20题详解】上文“Ifsomeoneisbullyingyouregularly,gethelpfromateacheroraparent.(如果有人经常欺负你，向老师或家长寻求帮助。)”建议向他人寻求帮助，D选项“Bulliesarelesslikelytopickonyouifyouaren’talone.(如果你不是独自一人，欺负者就不太可能找你麻烦。)”说明寻求帮助后有人陪伴，欺负者就不敢轻易欺负你，与上文寻求帮助的内容相呼应。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两小节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Acouple’sloveforanimalsandeachotherinspiredaheartwarming40thbirthdaygesture.AndrewDuhe,aCEOofMooshotInnovations,Inc.,andhiswifeJenniferhavebeen____21____atChesapeakeAnimalServicesforoverayear.Their____22____totheadoptioncenterhasprovidednotonlycareforanimalsinneedbutalsoaunique____23____forthecouplethemselves.Recently,theyexperiencedtheheartbreakof____24____theirbeloveddogunexpectedly,alossthathasbeendifficulttotackle.Despitetheir____25____,AndrewcameupwithameaningfulwaytocelebrateJennifer’s40thbirthdayandshowhis____26____forherdedicationtohelpinganimals.“IinitiallyaskedMissCasey,thevolunteercoordinator(协调者),howmanydog____27____wehad.Bycoincidence,thereareactually40,soIthoughtitwasfitting,”Andrewsaid.“40doghousesanda40thbirthday,theywent____28____.”Hedecidedto____29____theadoptionfeesforall40shelterpetsatthecentertotalinga(n)_____30_____sumofover$4,000.Jenniferwas_____31_____byAndrew’sthoughtfulact,describingitastheperfectbirthdaypresent.Sheemphasizedthatwhatshe_____32_____mostwasAndrew’sunderstandingandsupport,whichmadethe_____33_____evenmorespecial.Thecouplebelievesthattheiractofkindnesscan_____34