《硬件趣学Python编程》 01 intro

Lecture1

IntroductionCProgrammingLanguageOutlineGeneralCourseInformationHardwareandSoftwareProgrammingLanguagesHistoryandFeaturesofCFirstLookAbouttheCourseTotalcredithours:64Lecturehours:40Labworkhours:24IndependentStudyhour:80GradingAttendance+Coursework:30%

MiddleTermExam:30%

FinalExam:40%SuggestionsBelieveyourself:Yes,YouCan!Findyourownwaytolearn,tostudy,toenjoy…Makenotestohelpyou.Practiceasmoreasyoucan.ReadingListKernighan,B.W.,D.M.Ritchie,TheCProgrammingLanguage,2nded.,PrenticeHallPTRRoberts,E.S.,TheArtandScienceofC:ALibrary-BasedIntroductiontoComputerScience,AddisonWesleyHorton,I.,BeginningC:FromNovicetoProfessional,4thed.,SpringerKing,K.N.,CProgramming:AModernApproach,2nded.,W.W.Norton&Company王曙燕,C语言程序设计教程,人民邮电出版社ThinkAbout...Whatcomputerscandoforus?Howcomputerssolveproblems/work?ComputerHardwareAcomputersystemisconstructedbytwopartshardwaresystem(visible)CPU,Memory,storagessoftwaresystem(invisible)ComputerHardwareComputerHardwareCPU(CentralProcessingUnit),isthemostimporthardwaredeviceofacomputer.CPUisabletoprocessinstructionssuchasarithmeticaloperations,movingdatatoandfromotherdevicesetc.EachtypeofCPUhasitsownspecificinstructionset.ComputerHardwareMemorycanstoredatatemporary.Thewholememoryisdividedintosmallunitslogically,andeachunithasaspecificaddress.Normally,thecapacityofoneunitisonebyte,whichiseightbits.CPUneedtoread/writedataonmemorybyusingaddresses.ComputerHardwareHarddisks,flashdisks,opticaldisksarecommonlyusedpersistentstorages.Datatobestoredonpersistentstoragesareorganizedastheformatofafile.Filenamesareusedtoidentifydifferentfilesandtooperatethedatabelongstoagivenfile.SoftwareandProgramSoftwareisonthehardware,bythehardware,andforthehardware.softwareisdividedintotwocategories:systemsoftwareapplicationsoftwareComputerSoftwareSoftwareandProgramAserialofinstructionscanberegardedasapieceofprogram.ThepurposeofprogrammingisjusttomakeouttheinstructionserialforprocessingbyCPU.Itishardtocomposeinstructionsbyhandsdirectly.Programminglanguagescanhelpustodoit.ProgrammingLanguagesProgramminglanguageshelpprogrammerstocommunicatewithcomputers.EarlierprogramminglanguagesaresimpleModernprogramminglanguagearewell-designedandwithsimilarsyntaxandsemantictoournaturallanguage.ProgrammingLanguagesDevelopmentofprogramminglanguages1G:Machinelanguage2G:Assemblylanguage3G:High-Levellanguage4G?5G?ProgrammingLanguagesDifferentprogramminglanguageshavedifferentwaystorepresentdataandprocessdata.SomesyntaxoftheCprogramminglanguageissimilartootherprogramminglanguages,butsomeothersmaytotallydifferent.ProgrammingLanguagesHistoryandDevelopmentofCHistoryBornin1972attheBellLaboratories.Itwasnamed"C"becauseitsfeatureswerederivedfromanearlierlanguagecalled"B".DevelopmentOriginal:ClassicalCLater:StandardCorC89newly:C99FeaturesofCStructuredprogrammingmethodologyHighefficiencywithagilecodesProductiveandgoodqualityPortabilityondifferentplatformIrreplaceableonsystem-levelandembeddeddevicesprogrammingFewkeywords,simplesyntax,easytolearnFuturesofCCprogramminglanguagekeepsitslivingnesssinceitscreationtillnow.Basedonthefastdevelopmentofembeddedsystemsandmobilesystems,itcanbeforecastedthattheCprogramminglanguagewillstillkeepitsincreasedtrendinthefuture.Doyouknow...WhatcanCdo?WhatCcan’tdo?WhatdoesCprogramlooklike?FirstLook#include<stdio.h>main(){printf("hello,world.\n");}ProgrammingStepseditsourcecodefile(.c)byaneditorcompiletogetobjectfile(.obj)byacompilerlinktogetexecutablefile(.exe)byalinkerruntheexefiletoseeifitiscorrectornotdebugsourcecodetofixbugscompile/link/runagain…sourcefile：Hello.cObjectfile：Hello.objlibrary&systemcodeexecutablefile：Hello.execompilelinkProgrammingStepsTipsErrorswilloccurwhenyoubegintowriteprograms.Noonecanavoidthis.Thebestwaytolearnalanguage,notonlyahumanlanguage,butalsoacomputerlanguage,ist