山西省2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题【含答案解析】

2024~2025学年高二1月期末质量检测卷英语(A卷)考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatbothersthemanabouthisnewapartment?A.Itsdistancefromthecitycenter.B.Thenoisefromtheclothesshops.C.Thelackofmoderncookingfacilities.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Iloveyournewapartment.Iwouldhavepreferredittobeclosertothecitycenter,butit’sgreathowitoverlooksalltheclothesshops.M:Actually,thenoisefromthoseshopsbothersme.It’sthemoderncookingfacilitiesinthekitchenthatIlovethemost.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisacardealer.B.Shehasboughtanewcar.C.Shehaspassedherdrivingtest.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:NowthatI’vepassedmydrivingtest,I’mthinkingofbuyingacar.Butthepricesarecrazy.M:Yeah.Howaboutausedcar,likemine?Icouldreachmydealerforyou.W:I’llthinkaboutthat.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Findajob. B.Keepwaiting. C.Accepttheoffer.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:ItwasahugeachievementtobeacceptedintotheUniversityofCambridge,butdon’trushintoanydecisionjustyet.W:Shouldn’tIseizethisopportunity?M:Well,youstillhaven’theardbackfromothers,likeHarvardUniversity.Maybethebestisyettocome.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheroom?A.Itisdisappointing. B.Itismessy. C.Itissatisfying.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Youtoldmeweweregoingtohaveaprivatebathroomwhenyoubookedtheroom.M:Ithas,andit’sfarlessexpensivethanwehadexpected.W:Butthere’sonlyonepublicbathroomonthisfloor,andweneedtoshareitwithfourotherpeople!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atazoo. B.Atasciencemuseum. C.Atacinema.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Russell,canyoubelieveit?Apandahuggingherbaby…solifelike!Look,alionischasingadeer…M:You’resointotheseglasses.Takeiteasy.Thisplacehassomanytooffer.Comeon!Let’sgototheAIrobotsectionnext.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhydoesJoneyloveSundays?A.Hecansleeplate.B.Hecanplaybasketball.C.TherearesportsonTVallday.7.WhatdoesthewomanaskJoneytodo?A.Cleanhisroom. B.Dohishomework. C.Gooutsideandplay.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:DoyouknowwhyIloveSundays,Mom?W:Sure,Joney.Youdon’tgotoschooltoday.M:That’strue,butIdon’tgotoschoolonSaturdays,either.W:Then…don’ttellmetherearesportsonTVallday.M:You’resoright.Nooneknowsmebetter,Mom.W:Oh,comeon,don’teventhinkaboutit!You’vepromisedtocleanyourroomtoday.M:Iwill,andallIneedisonly30minutesjusttoknowwhowillwinthebasketballgame,please.W:Allright,butnotbeforeyoufinishthecleaning.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howmanywindowsdoesthemanstillhavetopaint?A.9. B.14. C.23.9.Whatisthewomangoingtodoattheweekend?A.Haveagoodrest. B.Receivefriendsathome. C.Plantsomeflowers.10.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman’swife. B.Theman’scoworker. C.Theman’semployer.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Whenwillyoufinishpaintingthewindows?I’vegotlotsofotherjobsforyouafterthat.M:Well,IhadtocleanallthegardenfurniturewhenIgothereat9:00thismorning,andthattookawhile.ButI’vepainted14windowsoutofatotalof23.W:Oh,good.Onceyou’vefinished,I’llgiveyoumylist.Itbeginswithcuttingthegrass,thenplantingsomelovelyflowers.M:Okay,butI’mnotsureifI’llgeteverythingdonetodayasitwillgetdarkinabout4hours,thenI’llneedtogethomefordinner.W:ButI’vegotsomefriendscomingattheweekend,andIwanteverythingtobeperfect.M:Don’tworry.I’llbeheretomorrowtofinishtherestoftheworkatnoextracost.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11Howlongdidthewomanspendvolunteeringwithawildlifeorganization?A.Threemonths. B.Sixmonths. C.Twelvemonths.12.WhatdidthewomanmainlylearninCanada?A.Managementskills. B.Wildlifeprotection. C.Howtodoresearch.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Neighbors.【答案】11.B12.A13.A【解析】【原文】M:OK,tellmeabitaboutyourself,andwhyyouwanttojointhisproject.W:Thankyouforinvitingme,Dr.Morey.I’minterestedinyourresearch.I’minmythirdyearofstudyingecologyatTsinghuaUniversity.Beforethat,IspentsixmonthsinSouthAfricavolunteeringwithawildlifeorganization.IalsotookayearoutlastyeartoworkwiththeCanadianForestService.M:Excellent.Thesearequiterelatedtowhatwe’reresearchingnow.WhatdidyoulearninCanada?W:Tobehonest,throughthatexperience,Ididn’tgetmuchchancetolearnaboutmyprofession.Butinstead,Ihadvaluablelessonsonmanagingpeopleandlearnedmanymanagementskills.M:Didyoutakealeadroleinanyprojects?W:Yes,aprojecttoencouragebetterawarenessofforestprotection.M:Yousoundliketheperfectcandidate!Welcometomyteam.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whydidthewomaninventanewsystem?A.Tocreatemusic. B.Tohelphergrandfather. C.Tomakepeoplefeelbetter.15.Howdidthewomangettheideaforthisproject?A.Fromherownexperience.B.Fromreadingalotofbooks.C.Fromherteacher’ssuggestion.16.Whatdoesthewomanplantodo?A.Stopworkingontheproject.B.Sellthesystemtomakemoney.C.Keepimprovingthecurrentproject.17.Whatistheman’sattitudetothewoman’ssystem?A.Expectant. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear.【答案】14.C15.A16.C17.A【解析】【原文】M:Amy,Iheardyouinventedanewsystemthisyear.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?W:Sure.Thissystemusespeople’sresponsestomusictorecommendsongstomakethemfeel—better.Mygoalwastousemusictoimprovepeople’smentalhealth.M:Howdidyoucomeupwiththeideaofcarryingoutthisproject?W:Iplaytwodifferentmusicalinstruments.WhenIplayedtheinstrumentswithothersaroundme,theyallfaceddifferentemotionsandrelaxation.Sothat’swhereIgottheideatostartthisprojecttofindawaytomeasuretherelaxationwhenlisteningtodifferenttypesofmusic.M:Whatwasyourfavoritepartofthisproject?W:Wewerefindingoutwhatmusicalfeaturesaffectedouremotionsandrelaxationthemost.ItwassomethingthatIwasreallycuriousabout.M:Andwhat’snextforyou?W:I’llkeeponworkingwiththisproject,becausethere’sstillalottoimprove.M:Ireallylookforwardtoyoursystem.Youknow,mygrandfatherfeelsdepressedsometimes.Ithinkitcanbehelpfultohim.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A.Thedisadvantagesofsocialmedia.B.Howtousesocialmediaeffectively.C.Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.19.Whatisthelecturer’smainconcernaboutsocialmedia?A.Ittakesuptoomuchtime.B.Itspreadsfalseinformation.C.Ittakesawayface-to-facesocialskills.20.Whatarethestudentsexpectedtodonext?A.Takesomenotes. B.Givetheirpresentations. C.Haveagroupdiscussion.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,andwelcometomylecture.Iexpecteveryoneofyouhasbroughtyourphone.IimaginesomeofyoumayevenopenWeiboandpostthingsifyougetbored!Butissocialmediaagoodorbadthingtooursociety?Todaywe’veknownhowsocialmediamakesusfeelconnectedtotheoutsideworld.Wecanpaybillsandbuythingsatthetouchofascreen,anddoonlinelearning,improvejobskills,discovernewthings…onjustonesocialmediaapp.Butwhataboutthedarksideofsocialmedia?Accordingtosomeresearch,socialmediacanbeaddictive.Itcanleadtoloneliness,anxietyanddepression.Butpersonally,itisparticularlyworryingthatithasreplacedtheartofcommunicationformanypeople.Insteadofgoingtosomeone’shouseforachat,wenowusemessagesandemojistotalkwithourfriendsonline,takingawayourface-to-facesocialskills.IknowyouallhavepreparedalotforthispresentationsinceIannouncedthetopicinclasslastweek.Nowit’stimetohaveyoursay.Whowouldliketotakethefirstturn?第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourSunniestCitiesintheWorldYuma,UnitedStatesYumaistheworld’ssunniestcity,withanaverageof4,015hoursofsunshineayear.Thatmeansmorethan300sunnydaysayearor11hoursofsunshineaday.AswellasbeingthesunniestplaceonEarth,Yumaisextremelyhotanddryduetoitsdesertclimate.LocatedintheSonoranDesertintheUSstateofArizona,itonlyreceivesabout3.4inches(英寸)ofrainperyear,andtemperaturesrisegreatlyduringthesummermonths.Julyisespeciallyhot,withtypicalhighsof41.7℃.Calama,ChileOnaverage,thesunshinesfor3,926hoursayearintheChileancityofCalama.LocatedintheAtacamaDesertinnorthernChile,itisalsooneoftheworld’sdriestplaces,withnomorethan1.4inchesofrainfallperyear!Calama’saverageyearlytemperatureis11.2℃,thoughthereareextremechangesbetweenwinterandsummer,withaveragedailylowsof0℃inwinterandaveragedailyhighsof20℃insummer.ElPaso,UnitedStatesLocatedintheChihuahuanDesert,ElPasoenjoyssunshinefor3,763hoursayear.TheweatherinElPasoismildanddryinthewinterandhotanddryinthesummer,witharound8.8inchesofrainfallperyear.Forsevenmonthsoftheyear,temperaturesareabove26.7℃,peakingduringthemonthofJune.Inatypicalyear,109daysarehotterthan32.2℃.Keetmanshop,NamibiaLiketherestofthecitiesonthislist,Keetmanshophasahotdesertclimate,with3,870hoursofaverageannualsunshine.SituatedontheedgeoftheKalahariDesertinsouthernNamibia,ithasextremelyhotlongsummersandshortcoldwinters.Itonlyreceivesabout6inchesofannualrainfall,andtemperaturesaremildthroughouttheyear.Onaverage,temperaturesreachhighsof28.8℃andlowsof13.3℃.21.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesttimeofsunshine?A.Yuma. B.Calama.C.ElPaso. D.Keetmanshoop.22.WhereisCalama?A.IntheSonoranDesert. B.IntheAtacamaDesert.CIntheKalahariDesert. D.IntheChihuahuanDesert.23.WhatistheannualrainfallinKeetmanshop?A.About1.4inches. B.About3.4inches.C.About6inches. D.About8.8inches.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上四个阳光最充足的城市。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Yuma,UnitedStates部分“Yumaistheworld’ssunniestcity,withanaverageof4.015hoursofsunshineayear.(尤马（Yuma）是世界上最阳光的城市，平均每年有4.015小时的阳光。)”及其他城市的日照时间可知，尤马市是日照时间最长的城市。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Calama,Chile部分“Onaverage,thesunshinesfor3,926hoursayearintheChileancityofCalama.LocatedintheAtacamaDesertinnorthernChile,itis…(智利城市卡拉马平均每年有3926小时的阳光。它位于智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠)”可知，卡拉马市位于阿塔卡马沙漠。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Keetmanshop,Namibia部分“Itonlyreceivesabout6inchesofannualrainfall(它每年只接收大约6英寸的降雨量)”可知，基特曼斯胡普的年降雨量大约是6英寸。故选C。BPeopleusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremoveresidue(残留)frompesticides.Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScientistChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorcalledPestiSCANDthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideresidue.Nowinits17thyear,theChallengesupportsmiddleschoolstudentstothinkcreativelyandapplySTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)principlestodiscoverreal-worldsolutions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwhoguidesthemoverthesummertohelpturntheirideasfromjustconceptstoprototypes(雏形).Sirishspentfourmonthscompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsandsecuredhiswinatthefinalchallengeeventsat3M’sglobalheadquartersinSt.Paul,MinnesotathatwereheldonOctober14and15,2024.Thefinalistshadtotraverseaseriesofinteractivechallengesandwereevaluatedontheirinnovation,applicationofSTEM,aswellastheirabilitytoinspireothers.Sirish’sjourneytowinningtheawardcamefromwatchinghismotherwashingvegetablesandfruitsandremindinghimtoalwaysdoso.Hewonderedwhetherwashingactuallymadeadifference.Since70percentoftheproduceintheUShaspesticideresiduethatislinkedtoillnesseslikecancer,it’sveryimportanttoknowifthefruitsandvegetablesaresafetoeat.That’swhatPestiSCANDisdesignedtodo.Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthewavelengthsthatbounce(反射)back.Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsincludingstrawberries,applesandtomatoes.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishaimsatmakingthistechnologywidelyaccessiblesothatconsumerswillbeabletomakesafefoodchoices.Buthestillbelievesyoushouldwashyourproduceanyway.24.WhatisthefunctionofPestiSCAND?A.Totreatcancer. B.Tocleanvegetables.C.Todetectpesticideresidue. D.Topromotethegrowthoffruits.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traverse”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Notedown. B.Giveup.C.Missout. D.Getthrough.26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Sirishputalotofeffortintohisinvention.B.PestiSCANDcameonthemarketlastyear.C.Sirish’smotherwasstrictabouthiseducation.D.The3Mscientistsmustn’tprovidehelpforthefinalists.27.WhatdoesSirishsuggestpeopledo?A.OrderapieceofPestiSCAND.B.Washproducebeforeeatingit.C.Buyfreshproduceasoftenaspossible.D.Enterasmanycompetitionsastheycan.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的SirishSubash发明了一种基于人工智能的手持式农药检测仪，可以非常精确地检测农药残留。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScientistChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorcalledPestiSCANDthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideresidue.(来自佐治亚州的14岁少年西里什·苏巴什（SirishSubash）凭借一款名为PestiSCAND基于人工智能的手持农药检测器赢得了2024年3M青年科学家挑战赛，该检测器在检测农药残留方面非常准确)”可知，PestiSCAND的功能是检测农药残留，故选C。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Sirishspentfourmonthscompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsandsecuredhiswinatthefinalchallengeeventsat3M’sglobalheadquartersinSt.Paul,MinnesotathatwereheldonOctober14and15,2024.(西里什花了四个月的时间与其他九名决赛选手竞争，并在2024年10月14日和15日在尼苏达州圣保罗3M全球总部举行的最终挑战活动中赢得了胜利。)”及画线词后“aseriesofinteractivechallengesandwereevaluatedontheirinnovation,applicationofSTEM,aswellastheirabilitytoinspireothers.(一系列互动挑战，并在创新、STEM应用以及激励他人方面的能力进行评估。)”可推断，Sirish与其他九名决赛选手竞争，要想获得胜利，选手应该是必须通过一系列互动挑战，由此可推知，画线词的意思和Getthrough(通过)最接近。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsincludingstrawberries,applesandtomatoes.(西里什在包括草莓、苹果和西红柿在内的12000多种食物上测试了这种设备。)”可知，Sirish在12000多种食物上测试了这种设备，这是很费精力的，由此可推知，他在发明上花了很多精力。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sirishaimsatmakingthistechnologywidelyaccessiblesothatconsumerswillbeabletomakesafefoodchoices.Buthestillbelievesyoushouldwashyourproduceanyway.(西里什的目标是让这项技术广泛普及，这样消费者就能做出安全的食物选择。但他仍然认为你应该清洗你的农产品)”可知，Sirish建议人们食用农产品之前要清洗一下。故选B。COldertreeshaveamajorroletoplayinthefightagainstclimatechange,accordingtoarecentstudyfromtheUK.ResearchersattheUniversityofBirminghamhavefoundthatoldertreesrespondtoincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxide(CO2)intheatmospherebyabsorbingmoreofitwithincreasedwoodproduction.Previously,itwasthoughtthatonlyyoungertreescoulddothis.ThescientistsstudieddatafromanexperimentrunbytheUniversityofBirmingham’sInstituteofForestResearch(BIFoR)inaforestincentralEngland.Thisforestmainlyconsistsofoaktreesthatareover180yearsold.Tounderstandtheimpactofthechangingclimateontrees,scientistsputanetworkofpipes(管道)intheforestthatfedtheareaastreamofCO2.ThiscreatedalocalatmosphereofincreasedCO2—somethingwemightseeeverywhereifnothingisdonetoreduceglobalemissions(排放).Aftersevenyearsofrunningtheexperimentitwasfoundthat,inresponsetoa40%increaseinCO2levels,thetreeshadincreasedtheirproductionofwoodbynearly10%.TreeschangeCO2intooxygen,whichtheyemitintotheair,andcarbon,whichisusedtoproducewood,leavesandroots.Leavesandrootscandiequitequickly,andwhentheydo,theyemitCO2backintotheatmosphere.Wood,however,actsasalong-termcarbonstore.SowhentheBIFoRtreesmademorewood,theywerekeepingCO2outoftheatmosphereformanyyearstocome,andstoppingitfromwarmingouratmosphere.RobMacKenzie,thedirectorofBIFoRandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy,describedthefindingsas“hopefulandpositive”,andsaidweshouldcarefullymanageolderforests.“Theoldforestisdoingahugeamountofworkforus,”headded.“Whatwedefinitelyshouldnotbedoingiscuttingitdown.”28.Wherewastheexperimentconducted?A.InaforestincentralEngland. B.Inanurbanpark.C.InaforestinwesternEngland. D.InalaboratoryinBirmingham.29.Whatisthepurposeofsettingupanetworkofpipes?A.Tokeepthetreeswarm. B.Toprovidepeoplewithgas.C.TotransportlargeamountsofCO2. D.Tostoreasmuchoxygenaspossible.30.WhichofthefollowingisRobMacKenzie’sideaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ItisunavoidabletoemitCO2. B.Peopleshouldplantmoretrees.C.Peopleshouldvalueoldforests. D.CO2isnecessarytotheenvironment.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheRoleofYoungerTreesinClimateChange.B.TheImportanceofReducingGlobalCO2Emissions.C.ClimateChangeImpactsonHumansAreIncreasing.D.OlderTreesCanHelpFightAgainstClimateChange.【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伯明翰大学的研究人员发现，老树对大气中二氧化碳含量的增加作出反应，通过增加木质生产吸收更多的二氧化碳，从而在应对气候变化中发挥着重要作用。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“ThescientistsstudieddatafromanexperimentrunbytheUniversityofBirmingham’sInstituteofForestResearch(BIFoR)inaforestincentralEngland.(科学家们研究了伯明翰大学森林研究所（BIFoR）在英格兰中部的一片森林中进行的实验数据)”可知，实验是在英格兰中部的一片森林中进行的。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Tounderstandtheimpactofthechangingclimateontrees,scientistsputanetworkofpipes(管道)intheforestthatfedtheareaastreamofCO2.(为了了解气候变化对树木的影响，科学家们在森林里设置了一套管道网络，向该地区输送二氧化碳)”可知，设置管道网络的目的是输送大量的二氧化碳。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“RobMacKenzie,thedirectorofBIFoRandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy,describedthefindingsas“hopefulandpositive”,andsaidweshouldcarefullymanageolderforests.“Theoldforestisdoingahugeamountofworkforus,”headded.“Whatwedefinitelyshouldnotbedoingiscuttingitdown.”(BIFoR的主管RobMacKenzie和该研究的其中一位作者将这些研究结果描述为“充满希望和积极”，并表示我们应该仔细管理老森林。他补充道：“这片古老的森林正在为我们做大量的工作。我们绝对不应该砍伐它。”)”可推知，RobMacKenzie认为人们应该珍惜老森林。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的Oldertreeshaveamajorroletoplayinthefightagainstclimatechange(老树在应对气候变化方面发挥着重要作用)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了老树对抗气候变化的作用。故最佳标题为“老树能帮助对抗气候变化”。故选D。DWhenateamoflocalrangers(护林员)andscientistsarrivedatthebillabong,alakethatisformedwhenariverfloods,inAustralia’sNorthernTerritory,theyknewtheclockwasticking.ItwasSeptember2024,andthehotdryseasonmeantdisappearingwater,whichwouldtraptheyoungfreshwatersawfishwithindays.Aftercatchingtheyoungsawfishbyhandandwithnets,thescientists,includingPeterKyne,notedeachsawfish’ssex,placingamicrochip(微芯片)undertheirskin,whilerangerspouredwaterontheanimalstokeepthemwet.Overtwodays,theteamput19rescuedsawfishintoawatertankanddrovethemashortdistancetotheDalyRiver,freeingthemintothedarkdepths.ThefreshwatersawfishisatypeoflargeAustralianray(鳐鱼)withsharpteeththatcancutthroughotherfish.The21-foot-longraysspendtheirlonglivesinfreshandseawater,withfemalesgivingbirthtoanaverageofsevenbabiesannuallyinNorthernTerritoryrivers.Youngsawfishmatureinfreshwaterforaboutadecadebeforereturningtotheocean.Sawfishwasoncefoundinoceansworldwide.However,acombinationofhabitatlossandoverfishinghasreducedthelarge-toothedsawfish’srangebyanestimated60percentbetweenroughly2000and2010.Thefourothersawfishspeciesarealsocriticallyendangered,andtheirrangeshavedecreasedbyupto80percent.Since2012,therangershavepartneredwithuniversityscientiststolookforandrelocatesawfishinremotefloodplains.Sincethen,theteamhasrelocated115fishbackintotheDalyRiver.Now,there’sanewconcernforsawfishintheNorthernTerritory—cottonfarming.Industrialfarmingstations,somedoublethesizeofLondon,havebeenbuiltacrosstheregion,andmorethan120,000acresofcottonfarmswilllikelybeplantedwithinthenextfewyears.Onaverage,cottonrequiresalmosttwoOlympic-sizeswimmingpoolsofwaterperacre.Tomeetthisdemand,agriculturistsarepushingtoharvestwaterfromtheDalyRiveranditssurroundingfloodplains.32.Whatdidthescientistsdofirstaftertheycaughttheyoungfreshwatersawfish?A.Theypouredwateronthem. B.Theykeptarecordoftheirsexes.C.Theyputmicrochipsintheirmouths. D.Theyputthemdirectlyintotheocean.33.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theintroductionofafish. B.Thebenefitofcottonfarming.C.Thehistoryofindustrialfarming. D.ThedescriptionoftheDalyRiver.34.Howmanysawfishspeciesarecriticallyendangeredaccordingtothetext?A.Six. B.Five. C.Four. D.Three.35.Whatcanbeinferredaboutsawfishfromthetext?A.Theywillsoondisappearcompletely. B.Theirpopulationisincreasingrapidly.C.Theyareonlyaffectedbyoverfishing. D.Theirsurvivalisfacingseveralthreats.【答案】32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚护林员和科学家团队拯救淡水锯鳐的行动，以及淡水锯鳐面临的生存威胁。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Aftercatchingtheyoungsawfishbyhandandwithnets,thescientists,includingPeterKyne,notedeachsawfish’ssex,placingamicrochip(微芯片)undertheirskin,whilerangerspouredwaterontheanimalstokeepthemwet.(包括PeterKyne在内的科学家在用手和网捕获幼小的锯鳐后，记录下每条锯鳐的性别，并在它们的皮肤下放置一个微芯片，而护林员则往这些动物身上浇水以保持它们的湿润)”可知，科学家们在捕捉到幼小的淡水锯鳐后，首先记录下它们的性别。故选B项。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“ThefreshwatersawfishisatypeoflargeAustralianray(鳐鱼)withsharpteeththatcancutthroughotherfish.(淡水锯鳐是一种大型的澳大利亚鳐鱼，有锋利的牙齿，可以切开其他鱼类)”及该段后续对淡水锯鳐的介绍可知，第三段主要介绍了一种鱼——淡水锯鳐。故选A项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,acombinationofhabitatlossandoverfishinghasreducedthelarge-toothedsawfish’srangebyanestimated60percentbetweenroughly2000and2010.Thefourothersawfishspeciesarealsocriticallyendangered,andtheirrangeshavedecreasedbyupto80percent.(然而，在大约2000年至2010年期间，栖息地丧失和过度捕捞的结合使大齿锯鳐的活动范围减少了约60%。另外四种锯鳐也极度濒危，它们的栖息地减少了多达80%)”可知，文中提到极度濒危的锯鳐共有五种。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However,acombinationofhabitatlossandoverfishinghasreducedthelarge-toothedsawfish’srangebyanestimated60percentbetweenroughly2000and2010.Thefourothersawfishspeciesarealsocriticallyendangered,andtheirrangeshavedecreasedbyupto80percent.(然而，从大约2000年到2010年，栖息地的丧失和过度捕捞使大齿锯鳐的栖息地减少了约60%。另外四种锯鳐也极度濒危，它们的栖息地减少了多达80%)”以及最后一段中的“Now,there’sanewconcernforsawfishintheNorthernTerritory—cottonfarming.(现在，北领地对锯鳐又有了一个新的担忧——棉花种植)”可知，锯鳐的生存面临着栖息地丧失、过度捕捞和棉花种植等多个威胁。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Havingahealthylevelofself-confidencecanhelpyoubecomemoresuccessfulinyourpersonalandprofessionallife.Butmaintainingconfidenceisn’teasyandit’saneasythingtolosewhenyoufeellikeyou’vefailedormadeamistake.____36____.StopcomparingyourselftoothersDoyoucomparehowyoulooktopeoplearoundyou?Ormaybeyoucompareyourincometowhatyourfriendearns.Socialcomparisontheoryexplainsthatmakingcomparisonsisnatural.____37____.Itmayevenhavetheoppositeeffect.Sowhenyounoticeyouaredrawingcomparisons,remindyourselfthatdoingsoisn’thelpful.Surroundyourselfwithpositivepeople____38____.Dotheyliftyouup,ordotheybringyoudown?Aretheyconstantlyjudgingyou,ordotheyacceptyouforwhoyouare?Ifyoufeelbadaboutyourselfafterhangingoutwithaparticularperson,itmaybetimetosaygoodbye.Instead,surroundyourselfwithpeoplewholoveyouandwantthebestforyou.Dothingsyou’regoodatWhathappenswhenyoudothingsthatyouaregoodat?Yourself-confidencestartstoriserapidly.Ifyou’regoodatacertainsport,forinstance,makeitapointtotrainorplayatleastonceaweek.____39____,trytodothattaskmoreoften.SetrealisticgoalsSettinghigh-reachinggoalsandfailingtoachievethemhasbeenfoundtodamageconfidencelevels.Onthecontrary,realisticgoalsareachievable.Andthemoreyouachieveyourgoals,thegreateryourconfidenceinyourselfandyourabilitieswillbe.Tosetrealisticgoals,writedownwhatyouwanttoachieve.____40____.Behonest!Iftheanswerisslimtonone,thegoalmaybeabittoohigh.Dial(调整)itbacksoitismorerealisticandmoreachievable.A.IfyouhaveagoaltoloseweightB.Ifyou’regoodataparticulartaskatworkC.Butitisn’tlikelytohelpimproveyourself-confidenceD.Next,askyourselfwhatchanceyouhaveofreachingitE.ThismakesyouwonderifyouhavewhatittakestosucceedF.Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystoincreaseyourself-confidenceG.Takeamomentandthinkabouthowpeoplearoundyoumakeyoufeel【答案】36.F37.C38.G39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章提供了几种增强自信的具体策略，包括停止与他人比较、与积极的人为伍、做自己擅长的事情以及设定现实的目标等。【36题详解】上文“Butmaintainingconfidenceisn’teasyandit’saneasythingtolosewhenyoufeellikeyou’vefailedormadeamistake.(但保持自信并非易事，当你感觉自己失败或犯错时，自信很容易丧失)”表明保持自信存在困难，且在特定情境下自信易失。下文小标题如“Stopcomparingyourselftoothers（停止拿自己和别人作比较）”是介绍提升自信的方法。空处需承上启下，引出提升自信的方法。F选项“Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystoincreaseyourself-confidence（幸运的是，有几种提升自信心的方法）”，既承接上文自信易失的情况，又自然引出下文方法，符合语境。故选F项。【37题详解】上文“Socialcomparisontheoryexplainsthatmakingcomparisonsisnatural.(社会比较理论表明，进行比较是自然而然的)”表明比较行为在理论层面的自然性。下文“Itmayevenhavetheoppositeeffect.(它甚至可能产生相反的效果)”表明它(即比较行为makingcomparisons)甚至可能产生相反的效果。C选项“Butitisn’tlikelytohelpimproveyourself–confidence(但这不太可能有助于提升你的自信心)”，其中it指代上文的“比较行为(makingcomparisons)”，该句表明比较对提升自信并无帮助，和上文构成转折关系，与空后“产生相反效果(havetheoppositeeffect)”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。【38题详解】下文“Dotheyliftyouup,ordotheybringyou