湖南省永州市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题【含答案解析】

永州市2024年下期高二期末质量监测试卷英语注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。2.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。3.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchshouldthewomanpay?A.$10.B.$18.C.$20.2.Whatattractsthewomanmostaboutthephone?A.Thecamera.B.Thetouchscreen.C.TheGPS.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Kind.B.Strong.C.Competitive.4.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aperson.B.Afire.C.Abuilding.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakersprobablynow?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inahospital.7.Whathappenedtotheman'ssisterlastweek?A.Shehadafever.B.Sheslippedonice.C.Shebrokehiswrist.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthepurposeofthecall?A.Tobookaroom.B.Toarrangeatour.C.Toconfirmareservation.9.Whatdoesthewomanrequest?A.Awake-upcall.B.Aspecialmenu.C.Aroomwithanoceanview.10.Howcanguestsreceiveafreemeal?A.Bystayingaminimumofthreenights.B.Byreservingroomsonline.C.BybookingroomsonFriday.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatwillthemanbuyforhisfather?A.Apairofgloves.B.Ascarf.C.Apairofshoes.12.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.ThursdayC.Friday.13.Howoftendoestheman'sfatherswimnow?A.Onceaday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Onceaweek.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whattimeisitnow?A.4:45p.m.B.5:00p.m.C.5:15p.m.15.Whydidthemangetfined?A.Heoversped.B.Heranaredlight.C.Heillegallyparked.16.Whatfoodissoldoutnow?A.Bakedpork.B.Roastfish.C.Friedchicken.17.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodoafterdinner?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Gostraightbackhome.C.WatchaPekingOpera.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.What'sthemaintopicofthespeech?A.Anewschoolclub.B.Onlinecommunicationskills.C.Differenttypesofsocialmedia.19.Whohelpedthespeakeraccepthissocialproblem?A.Hisclassmate.B.Hissister.C.Hisfriend.20.WhatkindofpeopleisInPersonbestfor?A.Peoplewholikeattendingsocialevents.B.Peoplewhoknowalotaboutcommunicationskills.C.Peoplewhofeelnervouswhencommunicatingfacetoface.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APoetryContestsin2025(Free&PaidEntry)ThePushcartPrizeDeadline:December1,2025Entryfee:$0Prize:Publication(出版)inThePushcartPrize:BestofSmallPressesItisoneofthemostfamousawardsintheliteraryworld.Eachyear,theprizeisgivenforworksofpoetry,fiction,andcreativenonfictionbyliterarymagazines.Thereisnocashprize.However,winningthisawardensureswriterswillexperiencerecognitionintheliteraryworldfortheirtalents.BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizesDeadline:July1,2025Entryfee:$20Prize:$1000Itawardsyoungpoetswhocreateworksrelatedtohealth.WinnersarepublishedintheSpring2026issueoftheBLRandreceivea$1000cashprize.Allpoetrycontestentriesmustbepreviouslyunpublished.KingsleyTuftsPoetryAwardDeadline:July1,2025EntryFee:$0Prize:$100,000Itisanannualpoetrycontestopentomid-careerUSpoets&writers.Thegenerouscashprizeisgiventoencouragepoetstohavethefreedomtodedicateayeartowritingtheirnextbookwithouthavingtoworryaboutpayingbills.Thewinneralsospendsanopenweekintheresidence(居住)ofClaremontGraduateUniversity.TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetryDeadline:June302025Entryfee:$25Prize:$400Itaskspoetstosubmit(提交)poemsofupto70linesandencouragespassionate,creativewritingtobeused.Poetsmustincludeashortbiographywiththeirsubmissionandcanenterasmanytimesastheywish.Runners-upalsoreceiveaprize,withsecondplacereceiving$250andthirdplacereceiving$150.1.WhatwillthewinnerofThePushcartPrizeget?A.Acashprize. B.Literaryrecognition.C.Publicationinanymagazine. D.Aweek'sstayinauniversity.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes?A.Itawardsoldpoets. B.Itchargesnoentryfee.C.Itencouragesworksonhealth. D.Itacceptspreviouslypublishedpoems.3.Whichcontestrequirespoetstoattachabriefbiographytotheirworks?A.ThePushcartPrize. B.KingsleyTuftsPoetryAward.C.BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes. D.TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetry.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年几个不同的诗歌比赛，包括它们的截止日期、参赛费用、奖项设置以及各自的特点和要求。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章ThePushcartPrize部分中的“Thereisnocashprize.However,winningthisawardensureswriterswillexperiencerecognitionintheliteraryworldfortheirtalents.(此奖没有现金奖励，然而，获得该奖项能确保作者的才华在文学界得到认可。)”可知，获得普什卡特奖能确保作者的才华在文学界得到认可，即获得文学界的认可。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章BellevueLiteraryReviewPrizes部分中的“Itawardsyoungpoetswhocreateworksrelatedtohealth.(该奖项旨在奖励创作与健康相关作品的年轻诗人。)”可知，该奖项鼓励创作与健康相关的作品。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TheLetterReviewPrizeforPoetry部分中的“Poetsmustincludeashortbiographywiththeirsubmissionandcanenterasmanytimesastheywish.(诗人提交作品时必须附上一篇简短的个人简介，且可不限次数参赛。)”可知，参加《书信评论》诗歌奖的诗人提交作品时必须附上一篇简短的个人简介。故选D。BEversincemydaughterGabiwasjustayoungchild,shehasbeencuriousabouttheworldaroundher,alwaysreadytoask“why”and“how”questions.Ithoughtitcouldbefuntotalktomydaughteraboutfemalescientists.Idiscoveredtherewasascientist,AdaLovelace.Shehadaloveformathematicsandabeliefthatcomputerscanbeusedtofinishmanytaskshumansdo.ItoldGabiaboutLovelace'scontributionstothefieldandtheimpactshehadonmeasascientistandmathematician.Today,computersaresuchanessentialpartofourdailylives;wecan’timaginelivingwithoutthem.Theideathatcomputerscangobeyondjustcalculatingnumbersandperformanyabstractoperationisthephenomenonofourtechnology.However,noteveryoneknowsthatthisideadatesbacktolongbeforethefirstprogrammable,general-purposedigitalcomputerwasintroducedinthe1940s.Thisconceptgoesbacktothe1800s,thankstoLoveluce,apioneerinmathematicsandcomputing,whowasrecognizedasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.Lovelacealsoheldherbeliefthatwhilecomputershadendlesspotential,theycouldnotbetrulyintelligent.ShearguedthatAIcan’tcreateanythingoriginalwithoutlearningfromhumaninput.ThisisstilltruetodayasAIbecomesincreasinglycommoninoureverydaylives.WhileChatGPTandsimilarAItoolsmayseemtohavea“mind”oftheirown,thosetoolsaresimplyparrotinghuman-generatedcontentontheinternet.Lovelacewasanincrediblyintelligentwoman,whocontributedsomuchtomathematicsandcomputerscience.Herenthusiasmanddeterminationledhertolookfurtherandsearchdeeper.IhopeLoyelacewillinspiremydaughterandotheryounggirlstoconsiderfollowinginherfootsteps.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutGabi?A.ShehasgreatadmirationforLovelace. B.Shehasadreamofbecomingascientist.C.Sheshowsstrongcuriosityabouttheworld. D.Shebelievescomputersareassmartashumans.5.Whatdoestheauthorstressinparagraph2?A.Theinventionofcomputers. B.Lovelace’scontributiontoscience.C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology. D.Lovelace’seducationbackground.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parroting”inparagraph3mean?A.Repeating. B.Creating. C.Appreciating. D.Imagining.7.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toshowherinterestinscience. B.Toexplainthesignificanceofcomputers.C.Toprovideanexampleforgirlstofollow. D.Todemonstratethedisadvantageofcomputers.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与女儿Gabi谈论女科学家AdaLovelace的故事，介绍了Lovelace对科学的贡献及其对后代的启发。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“EversincemydaughterGabiwasjustayoungchild,shehasbeencuriousabouttheworldaroundher,alwaysreadytoask“why”and“how”questions.Ithoughtitcouldbefuntotalktomydaughteraboutfemalescientists.(自从我的女儿Gabi还是个孩子时，她就对周围的世界充满了好奇，总是准备好问‘为什么’和‘如何’这样的问题)”可知，Gabi对世界充满了强烈的好奇心。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“However,noteveryoneknowsthatthisideadatesbacktolongbeforethefirstprogrammable,general-purposedigitalcomputerwasintroducedinthe1940s.Thisconceptgoesbacktothe1800s,thankstoLoveluce,apioneerinmathematicsandcomputing,whowasrecognizedasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.(然而，并不是每个人都知道，这个想法可以追溯到20世纪40年代第一台可编程的通用数字计算机问世之前很久。这个概念可以追溯到19世纪，多亏了Loveluce，数学和计算的先驱，她被认为是第一个计算机程序员)”可推知，此段强调了Lovelace对科学的贡献。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段的“Lovelacealsoheldherbeliefthatwhilecomputershadendlesspotential,theycouldnotbetrulyintelligent.ShearguedthatAIcan’tcreateanythingoriginalwithoutlearningfromhumaninput(洛夫莱斯还认为，虽然计算机有无限的潜力，但它们不可能真正智能。她认为，如果不从人类输入中学习，人工智能就无法创造出任何原创的东西)”可知，洛夫莱斯认为计算机不可能真正智能，不从人类输入中学习就无法创造出任何原创的东西；结合划线词所在句中的让步状语从句“WhileChatGPTandsimilarAItoolsmayseemtohavea“mind”oftheirown(虽然ChatGPT和类似的人工智能工具似乎有自己的‘思想’)”可知，“thosetoolsaresimply

parrotinghuman-generatedcontentontheinternet(这些工具只是在互联网上parroting人类生成的内容)”表达的意思是“这些工具只是重复人类生成的内容”，即这些内容不是这些工具原创的，划线词“parroting”的意思是“重复”，与repeating同义。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“IhopeLoyelacewillinspiremydaughterandotheryounggirlstoconsiderfollowinginherfootsteps.(我希望Lovelace能够激励我的女儿和其他年轻女孩考虑追随她的脚步)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了提供一个女孩们可以效仿的榜样。故选C。CInruralPakistan,anewproject,calledImprovingAccesstoSustainableEnergyinRuralPakistanUsingFoodandFiberAgro-WasteasaRenewableFuel(SAFER),aimstoturnbananawasteintoareliablesourceofelectricityforoff-grid(远离电网的)communities.Everyyear,Pakistangenerates80millionmetrictonsofagriculturalwastefromgrowingbananas.AcademicsfromNorthumbriaUniversity,inpartnershipwithUKandPakistaniorganizations,havedevelopedaninnovativetwo-partsystemthatwillmakeuseofthiswasteproductandprovidebenefitsforlocalpeopleatthesametime.Thefirstpartwillusenewtechnologytoturnthebananawasteintotextilefibers(纺织纤维),andthesecondparttakesthewastegeneratedfromthatprocessandusesittoproducerenewable(可再生的)energy.ThiswillnotonlyreducetheenvironmentalimpactofPakistan’stextileindustry,butalsobringcleanerelectricitytothe50%ofpeoplelivinginruralareasofthecountrywhocurrentlyrelyonfossil(化石)fuelsforenergy.Theprocesshasthepotentialtobeappliedtoalmostanyformofagriculturalwaste,benefitingcommunitiesandtheenvironmentworldwidethroughthesupplyofrenewabletextilesandenergy.Dr.JibranKhaliq,ofNorthumbriaUniversity,isamaterialscientistwhoresearchesturningwasteenergy.“Pakistan’stextiledepartmentisresponsibleforsignificantenvironmentalimpacts,includinggreenhousegasemissions(排放),andmicroplastics,”saidDr.Khaliqinastatement.Herevealedthathispartnershavedevelopedatechnologytoturnbananawasteintotextilefibers,butthelackofelectricityinruralSindh,wherethemajorityofthebananasaregrown,haspreventedthisinnovationfrombeingscaled-upuntilnow.“Overthenextyearwewillbeworkingtodevelopanewwaste-to-energytechnology.Thetechnologywillbenefitthetextileindustryandlocalcommunities,improvingsoilfertility(肥沃)andfoodproductionthroughthegenerationofbiofertilizers(生物肥料),”headded.8WhatisSAFERintendedtodo?A.Toreducetextilewaste. B.Topromotebananaplanting.C.Toincreaseagriculturalproduction. D.Togenerateelectricityfrombananawaste.9.Howdoestheauthorpresentthetwo-partsystemindetail?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Bymakinganexplanation..10.WhathaspreventedthewideapplicationofthetechnologyinruralSindh?A.Lackoflaborforce. B.Electricityshortage.C.Insufficientfunding. D.Highcostofthetechnology.11.Whatisapotentialbenefitofthenewwaste-to-energytechnology?A.Developingagriculture. B.Decreasingsoilfertility.C.Increasinguseoffossilfuel. D.Promotingthesaleoftextile.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦的一个名为SAFER的项目，旨在将香蕉废料转化为可靠的电力来源，还介绍了相关系统及面临的问题和潜在益处。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“InruralPakistan,anewproject,calledImprovingAccesstoSustainableEnergyinRuralPakistanUsingFoodandFiberAgro-WasteasaRenewableFuel(SAFER),aimstoturnbananawasteintoareliablesourceofelectricityforoff-grid(远离电网的)communities.(在巴基斯坦农村，一个名为‘利用食品和纤维农业废料作为可再生燃料改善巴基斯坦农村可持续能源获取’(SAFER)的新项目，旨在将香蕉废料转化为离网社区可靠的电力来源)”可知，SAFER项目旨在利用香蕉废料发电。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“AcademicsfromNorthumbriaUniversity,inpartnershipwithUKandPakistaniorganizations,havedevelopedaninnovativetwo-partsystemthatwillmakeuseofthiswasteproductandprovidebenefitsforlocalpeopleatthesametime.

Thefirstpartwillusenewtechnologytoturnthebananawasteintotextilefibers(纺织纤维),andthesecondparttakesthewastegeneratedfromthatprocessandusesittoproducerenewable(可再生的)energy.(诺森比亚大学的学者们与英国和巴基斯坦的组织合作，开发了一个由两部分组成的创新系统，该系统将利用这种废物，同时为当地人带来好处。第一部分将使用新技术将香蕉废料转化为纺织纤维，第二部分则利用该过程产生的废料来生产可再生能源)”可推知，作者通过对该两部分系统的组成和运作方式进行解释来详细介绍它。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Herevealedthathispartnershavedevelopedatechnologytoturnbananawasteintotextilefibers,butthelackofelectricityinruralSindh,wherethemajorityofthebananasaregrown,haspreventedthisinnovationfrombeingscaled-upuntilnow.(他透露，他的合作伙伴已经开发出一种将香蕉废料转化为纺织纤维的技术，但香蕉主要种植地信德省农村地区的电力短缺，至今阻碍了这项创新的推广)”可知，电力短缺阻碍了该技术在信德省农村的广泛应用。故选B项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thetechnologywillbenefitthetextileindustryandlocalcommunities,improvingsoilfertility(肥沃)

andfoodproductionthroughthegenerationofbiofertilizers(生物肥料)(这项技术将造福纺织业和当地社区，通过生产生物肥料提高土壤肥力和粮食产量)”可知，这项新技术可以提高土壤肥力和粮食产量，说明它的一个潜在好处是利于发展农业。故选A项。DGlaciers(冰川)areenormousmassesoficecreatedbysnowthathasbecomepackedovermanyyears.Hiddeninsidesomeofthemaredramaticandbeautifulcavescalledglaciercaves(洞),whicharemadeentirelyofice.Howdotheyform?Icecaves,usuallylyingwithinorbeneathglaciers,areformedbythemeltwateroftheglacierthatflowsthroughtheiceduringperiodsofrainfallorduringthewarmermonthswhentheglaciericeismelting(融化).Wherethemeltedwaterflowsthroughcracks(裂缝)intheice,thecracksgetbiggerandbiggerovertime.Eventually,aglaciercaveisformed.Glaciercavesarevaluabletoglaciologists,scientistswhostudyglaciers.Usually,glaciologistscanstudythesurfaceofaglacier,butthesecavesletthemseetheundersideandinside.Studyingaglacierfromtheinsidehelpsscientistslearnaboutthewayaglaciermovesandslides.Astheclimatechanges,glaciersaremeltingquickly,leadingtorisingsealevels.Glaciercavesarechangingquicklytoo.Fromonevisittothenext,peoplemightfindthatsomeroomsinacavehavedisappearedwhileothershaveformed.Icemayhavethickenedorthinnedasmoreairentersthroughplaceswheretheicehasmeltedthrough.Becauseofthis,thevolumehastobere-mappedeveryfewweeks.“It’sverydifferentfromarockcave,whichneverchanges,”saidCartaya,a46-year-oldForestServiceworkerandEMTinBend,Oregon.“Onceyousurveyarockcave,it’sdone.Withthese,everyweekit’schanging.”Glaciologistsandotherscientistsmeasurethesechanges.Theinformationcanhelpthemfigureoutwhatishappeningwithoursealevelsandourplanet.Inrecentyears,datacollectedfromthecavesystemhasunlockedanimportantclueintrackingglacialloss.Theyhopetoprovidecriticalnewinformationforunderstandingtheimpactofglaciallossonwaterresourcesandglobalsealevelrise.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theeffectsofglaciercaves. B.Thechangesofglaciercaves.C.Theformationofglaciercaves. D.Thedefinitionofglaciercaves.13.WhydoestheauthormentionCartaya’swordsinparagraph4?A.Toproveapoint. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Todrawaconclusion. D.Toattractreaders’interest.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Glaciercaveschangeslowly.B.Glaciercavesaremadepartlyofice.C.Meltwaterflowsthroughtheicecracksincolderweather.D.Glaciercaveshelpfigureouthowglaciersmoveandslide.15.Whatdoscientiststhinkofthecurrentresearch?A.Satisfying. B.Disappointing. C.Shocking. D.Confusing.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰川洞穴的形成、对冰川学家的价值，以及因气候变化其不断变化的情况，科学家通过研究洞穴变化了解海平面和地球的情况。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Howdotheyform?Icecaves,usuallylyingwithinorbeneathglaciers,areformedbythemeltwateroftheglacierthatflowsthroughtheiceduringperiodsofrainfallorduringthewarmermonthswhentheglaciericeismelting(融化).Wherethemeltedwaterflowsthroughcracks(裂缝)intheice,thecracksgetbiggerandbiggerovertime.Eventually,aglaciercaveisformed.(它们是如何形成的呢?冰洞通常位于冰川内部或下方，是由冰川的融水在降雨期间或冰川冰融化的温暖月份流经冰层形成的。当融化的水从冰中的裂缝流过时，随着时间的推移，裂缝会越来越大。最终，一个冰川洞穴就形成了)”可知，该段主要讲述了冰川洞穴的形成。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Glaciercavesarechangingquicklytoo.Fromonevisittothenext,peoplemightfindthatsomeroomsinacavehavedisappearedwhileothershaveformed.Icemayhavethickenedorthinnedasmoreairentersthroughplaceswheretheicehasmeltedthrough.Becauseofthis,thevolumehastobere-mappedeveryfewweeks.(冰川洞穴也在迅速变化。在一次又一次的参观中，人们可能会发现洞穴中的一些洞室消失了，而另一些洞室则形成了。随着更多的空气从冰融化的地方进入，冰可能变厚或变薄。因此，每隔几周体积就必须重新测绘)”可知，段中先提出冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。然后引用了Cartaya的话“It’sverydifferentfromarockcave,whichneverchanges,(这里和岩洞非常不同，岩洞永远不会变)”和“Onceyousurveyarockcave,it’sdone.Withthese,everyweekit’schanging.(一旦你勘测了一个岩洞，一切就完成了。而这些冰川洞穴，每周都在变化)”可知，作者提到Cartaya的话是为了证明冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studyingaglacierfromtheinsidehelpsscientistslearnaboutthewayaglaciermovesandslides.(从内部研究冰川有助于科学家了解冰川移动和滑动的方式)”可知，冰川洞穴有助于弄清楚冰川是如何移动和滑动的。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Inrecentyears,datacollectedfromthecavesystemhasunlockedanimportantclueintrackingglacialloss.Theyhopetoprovidecriticalnewinformationforunderstandingtheimpactofglaciallossonwaterresourcesandglobalsealevelrise.(近年来，从洞穴系统收集的数据为追踪冰川流失提供了一条重要线索。他们希望为了解冰川流失对水资源和全球海平面上升的影响提供关键的新信息)”可知，科学家们认为目前的研究是令人满意的，因为有了重要发现并有望提供关键新信息。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inafast-pacedworld,mentaltirednessisalltoocommon.Butit’smorethanjustbeingalittletired—itcanmakeyougetintotrouble,messwithyourproductivity,andevenaffectyourwell-beingnegatively.___16___,thegoodnewsisthattherearestepsyoucantaketoliftthatmentalfogandregainclarity.Takearest.Giveyourselfpermissiontostepbackandtakeamentalhealthbreak.Workingnon-stoporlivingonyourworriesendlesslywillonlyfurtheryourtiredness.___17___,dosomethingthatmentallydisconnectsyoufromyourstressors.Prioritizeeffectivelyandfocusononethingatatime.___18___.Prioritizingtaskscanhelpyoufocusonwhat’simportant,allowingyoutotacklechallengesmoreorganizedandwithlessstress.Sometimesthebestwaytodothisistopracticesingle-taskingwhereyousimplyfocusononethingatatime.___19___.Anuntidyenvironmentcanbeasmallbutsignificantsourceofstress.Takingthetimetotidyyourlivingandworkingspacescanfreeupmentalenergy.Organizingyourphysicalenvironmentcancreateasenseoforderandcontrol.Ifyoufeelitdifficulttoclearyourspace,startsmallbyclearingyourdeskfirst.Thenseehowyoufeelandifitmotivatesyoutotidyupotherareas.Writedownyourthoughts.Sometimes,yourmindneedsasafespacetounload.___20___Itcanbeparticularlyusefulfortacklingproblemscontributingtomentaltiredness,aswritingissuesdownonpapercanoftenmakethemseemmoremanageable.A.FreeupmentalenergyB.ClearyourmessyspaceC.UnlessyouaretootiredfromworkD.AlthoughfeelingthiswaymightseemdepressingE.KeepingajournalcanprovideawaytoexpressyourideasF.MentaltirednessoftencomesfromhavingtoomuchonyourplateG.Whetherit’sashortbreak,orjustshuttingoffyourphoneforanhour【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍的是在生活中摆脱精神疲惫的四条建议。【16题详解】根据空前“Butit’smorethanjustbeingalittletired—itcanmakeyougetintotrouble,messwithyourproductivity,andevenaffectyourwell-beingnegatively.(但这不仅仅是有点累——它会让你陷入麻烦，影响你的工作效率，甚至对你的健康产生负面影响。)”可知此处讲的是精神疲惫不仅会影响工作效率还会影响个人健康，空后“thegoodnewsisthattherearestepsyoucantaketoliftthatmentalfogandregainclarity.(好消息是，你可以采取一些步骤来驱散精神上的迷雾，恢复清醒。)”可知此处讲的是可以采取一些办法来驱散精神疲惫，由空后的逗号可知空处应为从句，选项DAlthoughfeelingthiswaymightseemdepressing(虽然这种感觉可能看起来很压抑)为although引导的让步状语从句，句中的feelingthisway指代空前一句话的内容，而且空后的thatmentalfog指代空处的depressing这一精神状态，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选D项。【17题详解】空前“Giveyourselfpermissiontostepbackandtakeamentalhealthbreak.(允许自己退后一步，让精神健康休息一下。)”指出在精神疲惫时应该让自己休息一下，空后“dosomethingthatmentallydisconnectsyoufromyourstressors(做一些能让你从精神上脱离压力源的事情)”指出我们需要做出一些脱离压力源的事情，由空后的逗号可知空处应是从句的形式，G项Whetherit’sashortbreak,orjustshuttingoffyourphoneforanhour(无论是短暂的休息，还是关掉手机一小时)为whether引导的让步状语从句，指出可以脱离压力源的两种方法，而且选项中的break与空前的break属于高频词复现，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选G项。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Prioritizeeffectivelyandfocusononethingatatime(有效地划分优先级，一次只专注于一件事)”可知本段主要讲是我们要对要做的事情有效地划分等级，一次只专注于一件事，空后“Prioritizingtaskscanhelpyoufocusonwhat’simportant,allowingyoutotacklechallengesmoreorganizedandwithlessstress.(优先处理任务可以帮助你专注于重要的事情，让你更有组织地应对挑战，压力更小。)”指出优先处理任务的益处所在，F项Mentaltirednessoftencomesfromhavingtoomuchonyourplate.(精神疲劳通常来自于你的盘子里有太多的东西要处理。)指出精神疲惫的来源通常是因为有太多要处理的事情，是空后要优先处理任务的原因，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选F项。【19题详解】空处为本段小标题。根据空后“Anuntidyenvironmentcanbeasmallbutsignificantsourceofstress(不整洁的环境可能是压力的一个小而重要的来源)”指出不整洁的环境可能是压力的一个小而重要的来源，由此可以推测本段的主旨应与个人空间的清理有关，B项Clearyourmessyspace(清理你凌乱的空间)指出要对个人空间进行清理，概括本段的内容，而且选项中的messy与空后的untidy属于同义词复现，选项中的动词Clear与空后的动词tidy属于同义词复现，空后的clearyourspace与选项的内容Clearyourmessyspace属于高频词复现，符合上下文语境，故选B项。【20题详解】空前“Writedownyourthoughts.Sometimes,yourmindneedsasafespacetounload.(写下你的想法。有时候，你的思想需要一个安全的空间来卸载。)”可知本段的建议是写下自己的想法，E项Keepingajournalcanprovideawaytoexpressyourideas.(写日记可以提供一种表达想法的方式。)指出写日记是一种表达想法的方式，承接上文，引出下文，而且选项中的express与unload属于同义词复现，ajournal指代空前的asafespace，Keepingajournal指代空后的It，符合上下文语境，故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ColleenWall,aninspirationalartist,isdevotedtousingmurals(壁画)tomakea“windowview”toupliftpatients.HerjourneyintotheArts&Healthcarefieldbeganin1995,whenshewasdiagnosed(诊断)with___21___cancer.Fortunately,sherecovered.Thislife-changingexperience___22___herpassionforusingarttohelpothers.After___23___stomachcancer,sheservedasanartistatWomen’s&Children’sHospitalofBuffalo.Onemorning,Colleenenteredapatient’sroomand___24___,“It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!”Thepatient___25___fromherbedandreplied,“Italwayslooksthesamefromhere.”Thatsimplebutpowerful___26___inspiredColleen’sideaforaproject:TransformingHealthcareSpaces.Itwassuccessfully___27___withacrowd-fundingKickstartercampaign,anditofferedhertheopportunitytocreate20inspirational___28___shecalledLandEscapes.Thewindow-inspiredpaintingsincludeelementsofnatureto___29___theviewerintothescene.Theyalso____30____wordsofencouragementandinspiration.Colleen’sgoalistogiveeverypatientaviewtoasunny,peacefulplace,offeringamental____31____fromtherestrictionsofthehospitalroomanda(n)____32____thatbetterdaysareahead.“Spendinglongperiodsoftimeinahospitalroomcanfeel____33____,”saidColleen.“Thesewindowpaintingsaremeanttohelppatientsfeelasthoughtheyarenot____34____toasmallroombutinsteadcantakea(n)____35____journeyoutsideintonature.”21.A.skin B.stomach C.lung D.bone22.A.weakened B.fueled C.withdrew D.limited23.A.developing B.stimulating C.detecting D.beating24.A.added B.explained C.remarked D.roared25.A.lookedup B.lookeddown C.lookedback D.lookedaround26.A.proposal B.prediction C.exchange D.bond27.A.faced B.overcome C.funded D.replaced28.A.paintings B.poems C.essays D.songs29.A.admit B.attract C.forbid D.accompany30.A.guarantee B.demand C.grasp D.feature31.A.disease B.phenomenon C.challenge D.escape32.A.evidence B.reminder C.promise D.example33.A.envious B.uplifted C.energetic D.lonely34.A.suited B.addicted C.restricted D.committed35.A.imaginary B.adventurous C.conventional D.tough【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了励志艺术家ColleenWall在1995年被诊断患有癌症并康复后，投身艺术与医疗领域，她与患者的交流启发其开展项目，创作壁画帮助患者从心理上摆脱病房束缚。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她进入艺术与医疗领域的旅程始于1995年，当时她被诊断出患有胃癌。A.skin皮肤；B.stomach胃；C.lung肺；D.bone骨头。根据后文“After3stomachcancer”可知，她患的是胃癌。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次改变人生的经历激发了她用艺术帮助他人的热情。A.weakened削弱；B.fueled激发，促进；C.withdrew撤回；D.limited限制。前文“Fortunately,sherecovered.”提到她战胜了癌症，这是改变人生的经历，结合下文“After3stomachcancer,sheservedasanartistatWomen’s&Children’sHospitalofBuffalo.”可推知，正是战胜了癌症的成功经历激发了她用艺术去帮助他人的热情。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：战胜胃癌后，她在布法罗妇女儿童医院担任艺术家。A.developing发展；B.stimulating刺激；C.detecting检测；D.beating战胜。从前文“Fortunately,sherecovered.”可知她从癌症中康复了，也就是战胜了癌症。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，Colleen走进一个病人的房间，说：“外面天气真好！”A.added补充说；B.explained解释；C.remarked说，评论；D.roared咆哮。根据后文“It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!”可知，Colleen表达了对外面天气的看法，remark符合语境；add常用于对之前所说内容的补充。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：病人从床上抬起头回答说：“从这里看总是一样的。”A.lookedup抬头看；B.lookeddown俯视；C.lookedback回顾；D.lookedaround环顾四周。结合前文“Colleenenteredapatient’sroomandremarked,‘It’ssuchabeautifuldayoutside!’”和后文“fromherbed”，病人原本在床上，听到Colleen的话后自然是从床上抬起头来回应。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次简单却有力的对话激发了Colleen一个项目的想法：改变医疗空间。A.proposal提议；B.prediction预测；C.exchange交流，对话；D.bond纽带。根据前文Colleen和病人关于外面天气的对话可知，正是这次交流激发了她的项目想法。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过Kickstarter众筹活动，