2025届广东省河源市高三毕业班调研模拟测试（二）英语试题【含答案解析】

2025届河源市高三毕业班调研模拟测试（二）英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThankyouforyourinterestinTheUCLAHealthVolunteenSummerProgram.Onceyouareacceptedintotheprogram,youmaybeginyourvolunteeringinthefollowingcriticalareas:WayfindingWayfindersarestationedathospitalentrancesandgreeteachvisitor/patientalongwithprovidingwheelchairassistance.Wayfindersmustbefriendlyandhavegoodcommunicationskills2-hourshiftsareavailableMonday-Fridaybetween8:00a.m.-4:00p.m.Duetothestandingnatureofthisposition,4hourswillberewardedfor2hoursofWayfindingservice.FloatersFloatershelpdeliverpatientmailandnewspapers.Assignmentscanchangeeachshiftdependingonneedsofthedepartment,VolunteersareassignedtotheVolunteerOfficeforone4-hourshiftperweekMonday-Fridaybetween9:00a.m.-4:00p.m.PatientTransportPatientTransportvolunteersareresponsiblefordischargingpatientsandhelpingthepatienttransportstaff.Thisisagreatopportunityforstudentstoseeallareasofthehospitalandgetclinicalexposure.Shiftsareavailablesevendaysaweekanytimebetween8:00a.m.-8:00p.m.ApplyingtotheSummerVolunteenProgramStep1:SignupforanInformationSessiononzoom.Sign-upsareonafirstcome,firstservebasis.Step2:Submitallrequiredapplicationformsonlineforreviewandapproval.Step3:AttendoneIn-PersonOrientation(培训).Thereisonlyonesession,andwewillnothavemake-upsessions.step4:Complete50volunteerhoursbyAugust31,2025.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutWayfinding?ATimebonuswillbegiven. B.Itisavailableonweekends.C.Assignmentschangewithneeds. D.Ittrainsvolunteerstofindways.2.WhatisanadvantageofPatientTransport?A.Itoffersclinicaltraining. B.Itassistsintreatingpatients.C.Itprovidesflexibleshifts. D.Ithelpsshowpatientsaround.3.Whatareapplicantsexpectedtodowhenapplyingfortheprogram?A.Signupassoonaspossible. B.Trackvolunteerhours.C.Attendamake-uporientation. D.Reviewapplicationforms.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校健康志愿者暑期项目，包括其工作内容和申请方法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Wayfinding中“Duetothestandingnatureofthisposition,4hourswillberewardedfor2hoursofWayfindingservice.(由于该职位的站立性质，提供2小时寻路服务可获得4小时奖励)”可知，寻路志愿者可以获得时间奖励。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PatientTransport中“Shiftsareavailablesevendaysaweekanytimebetween8:00a.m.-8:00p.m.(每周7天，从早上8点到晚上8点的任何时间都可以轮班)”可知，病人转运岗位的优势是上班时间非常灵活。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ApplyingtotheSummerVolunteenProgram中“SignupforanInformationSessiononzoom.Sign-upsareonafirstcome,firstservebasis.(报名参加一个关于zoom的信息会议。报名是先到先得的)”可知，申请该项目时，申请人需要尽快报名。故选A项。BGrowingupinCyprus,Elenafeltshewasdifferentfromothergirls—shewasinterestedinbiology.Butitwasafamilytragedythathelpedshapeherdeterminationtomajorinmedicine.“MyparentslosttheirfirstchildbecausehehadDown’ssyndrome.HepassedawaywhenIwasaboutsevenyearsold,”shesays.“AndIguessthat’salwaysbeenplayingonmymindandIgraduallyformedtheideaofstudyingmedicine.”Atabout14,shesethersightsonstudyingmedicineintheUK.“Despitebeingastudentfromaforeigncountry,IachievedA-levelsinallmysubjects,consideredsuitableformedicine,”shesays.Nowasaconsultantsurgeonatoneofthebusiestmajortrauma(创伤)unitsinEngland,Elenahasspokenofhersuccessfulcareerandthechallengesshehasencounteredasafemaledoctorincludingsometimeshavingtoremindpatientssuspiciousofherthat“Iamthesurgeon”.Elena’smainjobisworkingwiththemajortraumateam,butisalsoinvolvedintheteamdealingwithpatientsthathaveseveresurgicalissues.“WhenI’maconsultant,Ihaveapositionofresponsibilitynotonlytowardsmypatients,butalsotowardstheteamthatIcooperatewith,”shesays.Workinghard,shehasneverexperiencedprejudicefromothermalesurgeons,whoshowgreatrespectforher.Elenadoesnotshyawayfromthefactthatbeingawomanhassometimesfeltlikeadisadvantage.“Findwhatyoulovedoingdayafterday,becauseyourprofessionalcareerisalongtime,andittakesalot—probablylike20or30yearsofyourlife.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetodowhatyouarefondofandthenjustgoforit,”shesays.4.WhatinspiredElenatopursueacareerinmedicine?A.Achildhoodincident. B.Herdesireforbeingdifferent.C.Herinterestinbiology. D.Encouragementfromherparents.5.WhatwasonechallengeElenafaced?A.Gainingacceptancefromherpatients. B.AchievingA-levelsinherEnglishstudies.C.Obtaininggoodscoresasaforeignstudent. D.Remindingherselfaboutherbeingadoctor.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Respectfromothersurgeons. B.Elena’smainresponsibilities.C.PrejudicefromElena’spatients. D.Medicalstaff’sdevotiontothejob.7.WhatisElena’sadviceonchoosingacareer?A.Makealong-termprofessionalplan. B.Knowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.C.Followyourpassionanddetermination. D.Understandyourcareerresponsibilities.【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埃琳娜受家庭悲剧的影响，决心从医，并介绍了她作为一名女医生的成功职业生涯以及她所遇到的挑战。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butitwasafamilytragedythathelpedshapeherdeterminationtomajorinmedicine.‘MyparentslosttheirfirstchildbecausehehadDown’ssyndrome.HepassedawaywhenIwasaboutsevenyearsold,’shesays.‘AndIguessthat’salwaysbeenplayingonmymindandIgraduallyformedtheideaofstudyingmedicine.’(但正是一场家庭悲剧帮助她下定决心主修医学。“我父母失去了他们的第一个孩子，因为他患有唐氏综合症。我七岁左右的时候，他就去世了，”她说。“我想这件事一直萦绕在我的脑海中，我逐渐形成了学医的想法。”)”可知，是童年时期的一场家庭悲剧激发了埃琳娜追求医学事业的决心。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elenahasspokenofhersuccessfulcareerandthechallengesshehasencounteredasafemaledoctorincludingsometimeshavingtoremindpatientssuspiciousofherthat‘Iamthesurgeon’.(埃琳娜谈到了她成功的职业生涯以及她作为一名女医生所遇到的挑战，包括有时不得不提醒对她表示怀疑的病人“我是外科医生”)”可知，埃琳娜面临的一个挑战是获得病人的接受。故选A项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Elena’smainjobisworkingwiththemajortraumateam,butisalsoinvolvedintheteamdealingwithpatientsthathaveseveresurgicalissues.“WhenI’maconsultant,Ihaveapositionofresponsibilitynotonlytowardsmypatients,butalsotowardstheteamthatIcooperatewith,”shesays.Workinghard,shehasneverexperiencedprejudicefromothermalesurgeons,whoshowgreatrespectforher.(埃琳娜的主要工作是与主要创伤小组合作，但也参与了处理有严重手术问题的病人的小组。“当我是一名顾问时，我不仅要对我的病人负责，还要对我合作的团队负责，”她说。由于努力工作，她从未受到其他男外科医生的偏见，他们对她非常尊重)”可知，本段介绍了埃琳娜的主要职责。故选B项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Findwhatyoulovedoingdayafterday,becauseyourprofessionalcareerisalongtime,andittakesalot—probablylike20or30yearsofyourlife.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetodowhatyouarefondofandthenjustgoforit,’shesays.”(她说：“找到你每天都喜欢做的事情，因为你的职业生涯很长，需要花费很多时间——可能像你生命中的20或30年。因此，做你喜欢的事情，然后放手去做，这是非常有意义的。”)可知，埃琳娜建议选择职业时要追随自己的热情和决心。故选C项。CPlasticbottlesandbagscanbevaporizedintochemicalbuildingblocksandturnedintonewplasticswithallthepropertiesoforiginalmaterials.Therearehurdles(障碍)stilltoovercome,butthenewprocessisabigsteptowardatrulycirculareconomyforplastic.About5billiontonnesofplastichasgonetolandfillsincethe1950s,andrecyclingeffortshaveonlytackled9percentofwhatwehaveproduced.Withcurrenttechniques,plasticsdegradeineachrecyclingroundandendupinlandfillafteronlyafewcyclesoftheprocess.JohnHartwigattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleagueshadpreviouslydevelopedaprocessthatbrokedownwasteplasticintoitsconstituentparts,butitreliedontheexpensivemetalcatalysts(催化剂).Now,histeamhasdiscoveredanimprovedprocessthatworksonbothpolyethylene,fromwhichmostplasticbagsaremade,andpolypropylene,whichisusedtomakeharderobjects.Anditreliesonlyoncatalystsconsideredsocommonthattheyareessentially“dirt”,saysHartwig.Inexperiments,theteamusedtwocatalyststoturnamixtureofpolyethyleneandpolypropyleneintooriginalchemicalsforplasticwiththeefficiencyofnearly90percent.However,Hartwigwarnsthattherearestillmanyhurdlestoovercome,andthattheprocesshasonlybeentestedinthepresenceofasmallnumberofcommonadditives(添加物).“Therewillbeadditivesthatwillaffectthecatalysts,”hesays.Thismaymeanhavingawaytoseparatethoseadditivesorfindingcatalyststhatareresistanttothem.CressidaBowyerattheUniversityofPortsmouth,U.K.,saysthatevenifwehaveaprocessthatcansplitwasteplasticintoconstituentpartsandwithstandadditives,otherissuesremain.Thedegreeofpoisonousnessanddisposalofthecatalystsandadditivesmustbeconsidered,shesays.“Thesecouldoutweighanyperceivedbenefitsofrecyclingtechnologies.Recyclingshouldnotbeseenasanykindofsolutiontomaintainingorincreasingproductionofsingle-useandunnecessaryplasticsandcontinuingthecurrentprevailingtake-make-wasteculture,”sheadds.8.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theharmplasticwastesdotohumans.B.Thealarmingspeedofmakingplasticwastes.C.Thelowefficiencyofcurrentplasticrecycling.D.Thepressingenvironmentalpollutionbyplasticwastes.9.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“dirt”inparagraph3?A.Materialsquiteessential. B.Materialseasilyaccessible.C.Materialsabundantinplastics. D.Materialsbasictotheproducts.10.WhatdoesHartwigthinkoftheimprovedprocess?A.Itisnotfullypreparedforpracticaluse.B.Itreducestheneedforsingle-useplastics.CItneedsfurtherresearchtodevelopnewmaterials.D.Itcanbeappliedtoalimitednumberofcommonplastics.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromCressidaBowyer’swords?A.Recyclingdoesn’tproduceanyharmfulsubstancesandpoisons.B.Healthandenvironmentalpollutionshouldbethebiggestconcern.C.Recyclingcanberelieduponasasolutiontowidespreaduseofplastics.D.Theimprovedprocessisasbeneficialandsustainableasitisthought.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料回收领域的一项新进展，即通过使用常见催化剂将废弃塑料分解为原始化学成分，从而制造出具有原生材料所有特性的新塑料。尽管这项技术展示了实现塑料循环经济的巨大潜力，但仍有许多挑战需要克服，包括处理塑料中的添加剂问题和考虑催化剂及添加剂的毒性和处置方法。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“About5billiontonnesofplastichasgonetolandfillsincethe1950s,andrecyclingeffortshaveonlytackled9percentofwhatwehaveproduced(自20世纪50年代以来，约有50亿吨塑料被送往垃圾填埋场，而回收工作仅处理了我们所生产塑料的9%)”可知，这段主要讲的是当前塑料回收效率很低，故选C项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“Now,histeamhasdiscoveredanimprovedprocessthatworksonbothpolyethylene,fromwhichmostplasticbagsaremade,andpolypropylene,whichisusedtomakeharderobjects.Anditreliesonlyoncatalystsconsideredsocommonthattheyareessentially“…”,saysHartwig.(现在，他的团队发现了一种改进的工艺，该工艺既适用于制造大多数塑料袋的聚乙烯，也适用于制造较硬物体的聚丙烯。哈特维格说，它只依赖于被认为非常常见的催化剂，这些催化剂本质上就是“……”)”可知，此处说的催化剂很常见，也就是容易获取的材料，所以“dirt”在这里的意思接近“Materialseasilyaccessible”，故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第四段“However,Hartwigwarnsthattherearestillmanyhurdlestoovercome,andthattheprocesshasonlybeentestedinthepresenceofasmallnumberofcommonadditives(添加物).“Therewillbeadditivesthatwillaffectthecatalysts,”hesays.Thismaymeanhavingawaytoseparatethoseadditivesorfindingcatalyststhatareresistanttothem.(然而，哈特维格警告说，仍有许多障碍需要克服，而且该工艺只在少量常见添加剂存在的情况下进行了测试。他说：“会有添加剂影响催化剂。”这可能意味着要有一种方法来分离这些添加剂，或者找到对它们有抵抗力的催化剂)”可知，哈特维格认为改进后的工艺还没有完全为实际应用做好准备，还有很多问题需要解决，故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“CressidaBowyerattheUniversityofPortsmouth,U.K.,saysthatevenifwehaveaprocessthatcansplitwasteplasticintoconstituentpartsandwithstandadditives,otherissuesremain.Thedegreeofpoisonousnessanddisposalofthecatalystsandadditivesmustbeconsidered,shesays.“Thesecouldoutweighanyperceivedbenefitsofrecyclingtechnologies.Recyclingshouldnotbeseenasanykindofsolutiontomaintainingorincreasingproductionofsingle-useandunnecessaryplasticsandcontinuingthecurrentprevailingtake-make-wasteculture,”sheadds.(英国朴茨茅斯大学的克雷斯达・鲍耶说，即使我们有了一种可以将废塑料分解成组成部分并能耐受添加剂的工艺，其他问题仍然存在。她说，必须考虑催化剂和添加剂的毒性程度以及处置问题。“这些可能会超过回收技术带来的任何可感知的好处。回收不应被视为维持或增加一次性和不必要塑料生产以及延续当前盛行的“取—造—废”文化的任何解决方案。”)”可知克雷斯达・鲍耶说即使我们有了一种可以将废塑料分解成组成部分并能耐受添加剂的工艺，其他问题仍然存在，必须考虑催化剂和添加剂的毒性程度以及处置问题，可以推断出，克雷斯达・鲍耶认为健康和环境污染应该是最大的关注点，不能只看到回收工艺的好处而忽视了其他方面带来的不良影响，故选B项。DTop-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.Top-downprocessinghelpsusunderstandwhatoursensesareperceivinginourdailylives.Forexample,supposeyoureceiveanimportantletterbutafewdropsofwaterhaveruinedpartofthetext.Afewlettersindifferentwordsarenowjustsmudges(污迹).Yet,you’restillabletoreadtheletterinitsentiretyusingtop-downprocessing.Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.Sowemayunderstandthepatternofhowtouseamobilephone,butifthemanufacturercomesoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletelyuniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynotbeabletofigureouthowtouseit.Besides,asourknowledgeislimitedandbiased(片面的)incertainways,itcanleadtoperceptualerrors.12.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph2?A.Toexplainmainreasons. B.Togivepracticalexamples.C.Todrawspecificconclusions. D.Toanalysetheoreticalframeworks.13.Whatmaybethekeytounderstandingatextwithmissingletters?A.Pre-existingknowledge. B.Activeinteractions.C.Fivephysicalsenses. D.Lessonsfrommistakes14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Seeingisbelieving. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Everycoinhastwosides. D.Experienceisthebestteacher.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Introduceareadingmethod. B.Deepenunderlyingmeanings.C.Illustrateacognitivestrategy. D.Clarifyaproducingprocess.【答案】12.A13.A14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自上而下的处理信息帮助我们理解感知到的事物，文章主要解释了这一认知过程。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.(这个过程在我们与环境的互动中起着重要的作用。我们的五种感官不断地接收信息。在任何给定的时间，我们都在体验不同的视觉、声音、味道、气味，以及触摸事物时的感觉。如果我们一直关注我们的每一种感官，我们就永远不会做其他事情。它使我们能够通过依赖上下文和我们已有的知识来理解我们注意到的东西，从而简化这个过程。如果我们的大脑不采用自上而下的处理方式，我们的感官就会压倒我们)”可知，作者写第二段的目的是分析自上而下的处理是至关重要的主要原因。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.(你可以利用出现污迹的单词和句子的上下文以及你的阅读知识来理解信件的意思。看到一个单词“LO*E”，一个字母被敲掉了，但你仍然能很快认出这个单词是“LOVE”)”可知，理解一篇缺少字母的文章的关键是已有的信息。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.(一方面，自上而下的处理通过简化我们理解感官知觉的方式起到了积极的作用。它使我们能够缩短我们的感知和它们的意义之间的认知路径。另一方面，模式也可以阻止我们以独特的方式感知事物)”可知，自上而下的处理通常是有益的，但它也有局限性，有时会阻碍我们以新颖的方式感知事物或适应不熟悉的情况的能力。因此，事物都有两面性。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Top-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.(自上而下的处理是使用上下文或一般知识来理解我们所感知的东西的过程。1970年，心理学家理查德·格雷戈里提出了这个概念。他声称感知是建设性的)”，结合文章主要说明了自上而下的处理信息帮助我们理解感知到的事物，文章主要解释了这一认知过程。可知，作者想要说明一个认知策略。故选C。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’swellknownthatkidsbenefitfromeatingdinnerwiththeirfamilies.Infact,childrenwhospendthisqualitytimewiththeirparentsdobetterinschoolandhavelargervocabularies.____16____Butwhatyoumaynotknowisthateatingtogetherasafamilyhasbenefitsinotheraspectstoo.Healthyeatingcanbepromoted.Whenfamilieseattogether,theyusuallyhavehealthierhome-cookedmealsandconsumemorefruitsandvegetables.____17____Sotheytendtogiveupdestructivebehaviorandeatmoremindfullywhentheirchildrenarewatching.____18____Ithasbeenfoundthatfamilymealsmayleadtosocialbenefitsforparentsincludingthosewhohavelowerlevelsofthesymptoms(症状)ofdepressionandstress.Parentswhoeatwiththeirchildrenalsosaythattheyaremorelikelytobeinagoodmood.Whenparentsandkidseattogether,theyaredevelopinglinks.Inotherwords,theycanbuildstrongerconnections.TheywillturnofftheTV,putawaytheircellphonesandjusthaveface-to-faceconversations.Keeptheconversationspositiveandencouragekidstodiscusstheirday.____19____Eatingtogetherhelpspassonfamilytradition.____20____Whenteensgrowupinhomesthathaveregularfamilymeals,theyarefarmorelikelytocopythatpracticeintheirhomes.AstudypublishedintheJournalofFamilyPsychologyshowsthemorefrequentlyachildeatsfamilymealswithhisparents,themorebeeatswithhisownchildren.A.Socialskillscanalsobeakeyfactor.B.Eatingtogetherprofitsparents’mentalhealth.C.Plus,parentsshouldkeeplisteningmoreoften.D.Parentswanttobeamodelofgoodeatinghabits.E.Eatingasafamilyhandsdowngoodparentingskills.F.Themorethefamilycommunicate,thebettertheirrelationship.G.Theyalsohavelowerratesofanxietyandmanageemotionsmoresensibly.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家人们一起吃饭不仅对孩子有益，同时也会在其他方面给人们带来好处。【16题详解】根据前文“It’swellknownthatkidsbenefitfromeatingdinnerwiththeirfamilies.Infact,childrenwhospendthisqualitytimewiththeirparentsdobetterinschoolandhavelargervocabularies.(众所周知，孩子们从与家人共进晚餐中受益。事实上，与父母共度这段美好时光的孩子在学校表现更好，词汇量也更大)”可知，此处在讲述和家人共进晚餐的好处；G项“Theyalsohavelowerratesofanxietyandmanageemotionsmoresensibly.(他们也有更低的焦虑率和更明智地管理情绪)”承接上文，进一步阐述与父母共度用餐时光给孩子心理健康和情绪上带来的益处，其中also说明与上文构成并列递进关系。故选G项。【17题详解】根据前文“Whenfamilieseattogether,theyusuallyhavehealthierhome-cookedmealsandconsumemorefruitsandvegetables.(当家人一起吃饭时，他们通常会吃更健康的家常菜，吃更多的水果和蔬菜)”可知，本段主要讲述，孩子们和家人共进晚餐，会吃的更健康，所以D项“Parentswanttobeamodelofgoodeatinghabits.(父母想成为良好饮食习惯的榜样)”解释为什么会吃的健康的原因，符合本段主题；且D选项与下文“Sotheytendtogiveupdestructivebehaviorandeatmoremindfullywhentheirchildrenarewatching.(因此，当孩子们看着他们时，他们往往会放弃破坏性的行为，吃得更用心。)”构成因果关系。故选D项。【18题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句；根据后文“Ithasbeenfoundthatfamilymealsmayleadtosocialbenefitsforparentsincludingthosewhohavelowerlevelsofthesymptoms(症状)ofdepressionandstress.Parentswhoeatwiththeirchildrenalsosaythattheyaremorelikelytobeinagoodmood.(研究发现，家庭聚餐可能会给父母带来社会效益，包括那些抑郁和压力症状较低的父母。和孩子一起吃饭的父母也表示，他们更有可能心情愉快)”可知，一起吃饭可以有利于父母的心理健康，所以B项“Eatingtogetherprofitsparents’mentalhealth.(一起吃饭有利于父母的心理健康)”符合本段主题。故选B项。【19题详解】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结；根据前文“Whenparentsandkidseattogether,theyaredevelopinglinks.Inotherwords,theycanbuildstrongerconnections.TheywillturnofftheTV,putawaytheircellphonesandjusthaveface-to-faceconversations.Keeptheconversationspositiveandencouragekidstodiscusstheirday.(当父母和孩子一起吃饭时，他们正在建立联系。换句话说，他们可以建立更强的联系。他们会关掉电视，放下手机，只进行面对面的交谈。保持积极的对话，鼓励孩子们讨论他们的一天)”可知，本段主要讲述父母和孩子一起吃饭，他们可以加强沟通，建立联系，所以F项“Themorethefamilycommunicate,thebettertheirrelationship.(家庭沟通越多，他们的关系就越好)”是对前文的总结。故选F项。20题详解】根据前文“Eatingtogetherhelpspassonfamilytradition.(一起吃饭有助于传承家庭传统)”阐述关于家庭聚餐对家族传统延续的益处；E项“Eatingasafamilyhandsdowngoodparentingskills.(作为一个家庭，饮食传承了良好的育儿技巧)”可知，是对前文的进一步解释，符合文意。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。I’venevermetMrs.Poddar,theownerofthehousewhereIamlivinginthisforeigncountry.Ifinishedmy____21____throughapropertyagent.Mrs.Poddarisacomplete____22____forme.Yet,afewmonthslater,Mrs.Poddarinstructedmyagentto____23____myrent,andthenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal!Feeling____24____,Iaskedmyagentaboutthereason.HetoldmethatMrs.Poddar____25____Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealoneandwasstill____26____thenewenvironment.Shedidthisjusttooffermesome____27____.Beingawayfrommyfamilyto____28____mycollegedegree,Ihavefoundthelifehere____29____inthepastfewmonths:nofriends,nofamiliarfood….Butthe_____30_____Mrs.Poddarshowedmeopenedanewworldtome,_____31_____menottoindulge(沉湎)innegativefeelingsandtoestablishnewrelationships.SoIdecidedto_____32_____withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers.Ononeoccasion,Ishoppedforgroceriesforanoldcouple,who_____33_____metoaheavymealtheymade.Actually,abouthalfofmysparetimeis_____34_____withofferinghelptopeopleinmyneighborhood.Weareindeedfromdifferent_____35_____,butthatdoesn’tloosenthetiesbetweenus.21.A.moving B.purchasing C.selling D.renting22.A.newcomer B.stranger C.friend D.helper23.A.lower B.cancel C.collect D.raise24.A.motivated B.confused C.excited D.annoyed25.A.anticipated B.suspected C.discovered D.argued26.A.wonderingat B.adjustingto C.lookinginto D.workingon27.A.convenience B.advice C.comfort D.freedom28.A.pursue B.change C.polish D.support29.A.boring B.adventurous C.tough D.eventful30.A.trust B.wisdom C.respect D.kindness31.A.forcing B.expecting C.encouraging D.commanding32.A.negotiate B.live C.correspond D.connect33A.treated B.entitled C.guided D.welcomed34.A.ready B.occupied C.stuck D.consistent35.A.neighborhoods B.families C.generations D.backgrounds【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.C26.B27.C28.A29.C30.D31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外租房时，房东Poddar夫人虽然与作者素未谋面，却主动降低房租，给予作者温暖，促使作者积极与他人建立联系，帮助邻里，感悟到尽管人们来自不同的背景，但彼此之间的联系并不会因此减弱。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是通过房产中介完成租房的。A.moving移动；B.purchasing购买；C.selling售卖；D.renting租赁。根据前文“I’venevermetMrs.Poddar,theownerofthehousewhereIamlivinginthisforeigncountry.”和后文“throughapropertyagent.”可知，作者从未见过房东，所以是通过房产中介完成租赁程序。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Poddar夫人对我来说完全是个陌生人。A.newcomer新来的人；B.stranger陌生人；C.friend朋友；D.helper帮手。根据前文“I’venevermetMrs.Poddar”可知，作者从未见过Poddar夫人，所以她对作者来说是个陌生人。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，几个月后，Poddar夫人让我的中介降低我的房租，新房租只是原来的一半！A.lower降低；B.cancel取消；C.collect收集；D.raise提高。根据后文“thenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal”可知，新房租只是原来的一半，即房东让中介降低了房租。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到困惑，于是问我的中介原因。A.motivated有动力的；B.confused困惑的；C.excited兴奋的；D.annoyed恼怒的。根据后文“Iaskedmyagentaboutthereason”可知，作者不知道房东为何降低房租，所以感到困惑。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，Poddar夫人发现我是从国外来这里独自学习的，还在适应新环境。A.anticipated预料；B.suspected怀疑；C.discovered发现；D.argued争论。根据后文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”可知，房东发现了作者是从国外来这里独自学习的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他告诉我，Poddar夫人发现我是从国外来这里独自学习的，还在适应新环境。A.wonderingat对……感到惊奇；B.adjustingto适应；C.lookinginto调查；D.workingon致力于。根据前文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”和后文“thenewenvironment”可知，作者从国外独自来这里求学，还在适应新环境。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她这样做只是为了给我一些安慰。A.convenience便利；B.advice建议；C.comfort安慰；D.freedom自由。根据前文可知，Poddar夫人发现作者是从国外来这里独自求学，还在适应新环境，由此推知，房东降低房租是为了给作者一些安慰。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开家人去追求我的大学学位，我发现过去几个月这里的生活很艰难：没有朋友，没有熟悉的食物……A.pursue追求；B.change改变；C.polish打磨；D.support支持。根据后文“mycollegedegree”可知，作者离开家人是为了追求大学学位。故选A项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：离开家人去追求我的大学学位，我发现过去几个月这里的生活很艰难：没有朋友，没有熟悉的食物……A.boring无聊的；B.adventurous冒险的；C.tough艰难的；D.eventful多事的。根据后文“nofriends,nofamiliarfood”可知，作者在这里没有朋友，没有熟悉的食物，所以生活很艰难。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Poddar夫人对我表现出的善意为我打开了一个新世界，鼓励我不要沉湎于负面情绪，建立新的关系。A.trust信任；B.wisdom智慧；C.respect尊重；D.kindness善意。根据前文“Yet,afewmonthslater,Mrs.Poddarinstructedmyagentto3myrent,andthenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal!”可知，房东主动给作者降了房租，这是对作者表现出的善意。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Poddar夫人对我表现出的善意为我打开了一个新世界，鼓励我不要沉湎于负面情绪，建立新的关系。A.forcing强迫；B.expecting期待；C.encouraging鼓励；D.commanding命令。根据后文“menottoindulge(沉湎)innegativefeelingsandtoestablishnewrelationships”可知，房东的善意鼓励作者不要沉湎于负面情绪，建立新的关系。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定先帮助别人，与当地人建立联系。A.negotiate谈判；B.live生活；C.correspond符合；D.connect联系。根据后文“withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers”可知，作者决定先帮助别人，与当地人建立联系。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我给一对老夫妇买杂货，他们请我吃了一顿丰盛饭。A.treated请客，招待；B.entitled使有权；C.guided指导；D.welcomed欢迎。根据后文“metoaheavymealtheymade”可知，老夫妇请作者吃了一顿丰盛的饭。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我大约一半的空闲时间都忙于帮助邻居上。A.ready准备好的；B.occupied忙于……的，从事……；C.stuck卡住的；D.consistent一致的。根据前文“halfofmysparetime”和后文“withofferinghelptopeopleinmyneighborhood”可知，作者大约一半的空闲时间都花在帮助邻居上，即忙于帮助邻居上。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们确实来自不同的背景，但这并不会弱化我们之间的联系。A.neighborhoods街区；B.families家庭；C.generations一代人；D.backgrounds背景。根据前文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”和“SoIdecidedto12withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers.”可知，在国外租房求学的作者和当地的邻居们来自不同的背景。故选D项。第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Liuisathird-yearstudentatXi’anInternationalStudiesUniversitymajoringi