中考英语完形填空解题技巧学生版

中考英语完形填空解题技巧命题意图：

完形填空根据阅读理解的考试原则，在语篇层面上考查学生对常用词汇的恰当应用，从而达到对于整篇文章主要内容，特别是对作者通过文章传达的情感、态度、价值观的把握能力

二、选材分析：

综观全国各地完形题材，故事类选材仍居首位，占47.4%；其他完形题材还包括青少年生活类（17.5%）、文化类（8.7%）和科普类（8.7%）说明文，其中说明文呈上升趋势。

完形体裁多为夹叙夹议的记叙文；题材多为励志情感类故事，寓意深刻，包含哲理；语言地道、简练，侧重故事情节；篇幅300—400词，有逐年增加的趋势。

三、考点分析：

从命题分布来看，近几年来，首尾句通常不设空,设题主要以实词为主，特别侧重考查动词，在词汇分布上也日趋合理。

完形技巧培养

1.考试前：

(1)积累词汇

平时要有意识地主动积累新词汇，特别要关注陌生实词的基本含义、使用方法和语言习惯，做到能够在语篇层面上仔细辨析词汇之间的细微差别，养成勤查字典的习惯。

(2)奠定良好的语法功底

这是我们正确理解复杂长句的一条出路，还能够帮助我们更好地在文章中猜测生词。

（3）培养上下文语篇能力

2.考试中：

（1）了解大意

通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识。完形填空在出题时有这样一条原则：去掉空格后不会影响考生对文章大意的了解。在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的前两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，一定要仔细研读，从而为后面的阅读扫清障碍。

(2)初选答案

了解大意后，便可以填空了。在填写每个空格时，可以从出题者的命题思路着手，初步做出每个题的答案。总的来说，有以下六种命题思路。

i.词义与词形的辨析。选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时也借助选项，考查考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。

ii.逻辑关系。挖空的句子与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。常见的表示指代关系的词有do,so,one,ones,yours,theirs,this,that,those,he,it,they等，它们既可以用来指代单词，也可以用来指代词组、短语或句子。此外，还会考查句子之间的关系。同学们解答这类试题时，要掌握过渡语的用法和含义，如because表示因果关系，but表示转折关系等。在没有过渡语的情况下，要结合上下文进行推理和判断

iii.结构识别，即固定词组，如notonly…but…,aswell,some…others…,either…or…等。

iv.固定搭配。主要是动词与名词之间的搭配。如：“利用……”有不同的搭配：takeadvantageofsth/makeuseofsth。另外还有词组、习语和习惯用法。对于这一类选择题，不能利用语法知识进行判断。因此平时的日积月累就十分重要。

v.动词用法。要从动词的时态、语态（主动语态和被动语态）以及非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）几个角度逐一进行考虑。

vi.介词用法。常考查名词与介词、形容词与介词以及动词与介词的搭配。

(3)寻找线索

完形填空必须从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文寻找线索。有些题从单纯的句子来考虑，四个选项均可以入选，但从上下文的线索入手，就能迅速排除其它三个。“寻找线索”强调对文章内容的整体把握。

（4）回头补缺

如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不要在某一题上花费大量时间。只要坚持往下做，随着空格的减少，对文章的理解也越来越轻松，有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案。

（5）核实答案

题目填完后（除个别难度较大的题目外），要利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读，目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来，不仅可以改正填错的词，而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发，把做不上来的题目填出来。

3.考试后：

考试结束后，分析答题中出现的错误是最容易被忽略的重要步骤。应该根据出现问题的基本类型进行归类，可能出现的大致有几类问题：词汇、语法、语篇中的上下文理解（回文问题，上下文矛盾，议论部分与故事情节不符合等），把问题归类后，我们在完成新的篇章时，就要更加小心错题频率高的题目类型。另外有些经典篇章可以在相隔一段时间后再做，加深印象。Agirlcomplainedtoherfatheraboutherhardlife.Shedidn’tknowwhatshehadtodoandwantedto31.Shefelttiredforfightingandfighting.Oneproblemhadbeenfinishedbutanothercame.

Herfather,acook,tookher32thekitchen.Hepouredwaterintothepans(锅)andboiledit.Whenthewaterwasboiling,inthefirstpanheputsomecarrots,inthe33heputsomeeggsandinthelastheputsomecoffee.He34themforafewminuteswithoutanywords.

Thegirlclosedhermouthandwaitedimpatiently,notknowing35herfatherwasdoingthat.Afterabout20minutes,herfatherturned36thestove,tookoutthecarrotsandputtheminabowl.Hetookouttheeggsandput37inanotherbowl.Afterthatthe38waspouredintoacup.Turningbacktohisdaughter,heasked,“Whatdoyou39?”“Carrots,eggsandcoffee,”sheanswered.

Herfathertoldherto40hereyesandlethertouchthecarrots.Shedidandfeltthatthecarrotsweresoft.Afterthatheaskedhertotakeeggsand41them.Then,shegotboiledandhardeggs.Atlast,thefatheraskedhertosmellthecoffee.“What’sthemeaning,Father?”He42thateachonehadhadthesameunluckyexperience—theboiledwater,but43hadadifferentreaction(反应).Thestrongandhardcarrotshadbecomesoftandweakafterbeingintheboilingwater.Theeggsbecamehard44beingcooked.Thecoffeewasveryspecialanditchangedthewater.“Whoareyou?”askedherfather,“Whencalamity(厄运)45yourdoor,what’syourreaction?Areyoucarrots,eggsorcoffee?”(20XX年贵州安顺中考)

()31.A.growupB.giveupC.setupD.pickup

()32.A.intoB.withinC.outofD.awayfrom

()33.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth

()34.A.lookedforB.searchedforC.waitedforD.calledfor

()35.A.thatB.whereC.whereD.why

()36.A.onB.overC.offD.in

()37.A.itB.itsC.themD.themselves

()38.A.eggsB.carrotsC.coffeeD.water

()39.A.hearB.tasteC.smellD.see

()40.A.closeB.openC.washD.drop

()41.A.keepB.protectC.breakD.drink

()42.A.complainedB.explainedC.toldD.expected

()43.A.everyB.allC.eachD.either

()44.A.beforeB.afterC.behindD.under

()45.A.liesinB.comesacrossC.meetswithD.knocksat

模拟训练

Passage1

WhenIwasinthirdgrade,Iwaspickedtobetheprincess(公主)intheschoolplay.

Forweeksmymotherhelpedme1mylines(台词).Butonceonstage,every2disappearedfrommyhead.Myteacheraskedmetochangerolesandbethenarrator(解说员).

ThoughIdidn’ttellmymotherwhathadhappenedthatday,she3myunhappinessandaskedifIwantedtotakeawalkintheyard.

Itwasalovelyspringday.Wecouldseedandelions(蒲公英)popping(跳出)4thegrass,asifapainterhadtouchedourlandscapewithbitsofgold.Iwatchedmymothercarelessly5bysomeflowers.“IthinkIamgoingtodigupalltheseweeds(野草),”shesaid.

“ButIlikedandelions,”Isaid.“Allflowersare6—evendandelions!”

Mymotherlookedatme7.“Yes,everyflowershinesinitsownway,doesn’tit?”shesaid.Inodded.“8thatistrueofpeople,too,”sheadded.

Shehadguessedmy9.Istartedtocryandtoldherthetruth.

“Youwillbeabeautifulnarrator,”shesaid,remindingmeofhowmuchIlovedtoreadstoriesaloudtoher.

Overthenextfew10,Ilearnedtotakeprideintherole.Thebigdayfinally11.Afewminutesbeforetheplay,myteachercameovertome.“Yourmotheraskedmetogivethistoyou,”shesaid,handingmeadandelion.Aftertheplay,Itooktheflowerhome,12thatIwasperhapstheonlypersonwhowouldkeepsuchaweed.

()1.A.writeB.practiceC.offerD.train

()2.A.wordB.pictureC.storyD.action

()3.A.sensedB.touchedC.heardD.reached

()4.A.acrossB.offC.throughD.out

()5.A.putoutB.getoverC.showupD.benddown

()6.A.perfectB.beautifulC.naturalD.lively

()7.A.anxiouslyB.carelesslyC.seriouslyD.surprisingly

()8.A.ButB.OrC.SoD.And

()9.A.worryB.painC.nervousnessD.wonder

()10.A.daysB.weeksC.monthsD.year

()11.A.wentB.ranC.cameD.Appeared

()12.A.laughingB.cryingC.honoringD.doubting

Passage2

Whenyousitdownwithyourfamilytoeatameal,doyoueverwonderwhereandwhenthe1ofusingchopsticks(筷子)began?

PeoplesaythatthefirstchopstickswereusedinChina5,000yearsago.ThepracticebecamewidespreadinKorea,VietnamandJapan.Todaytheyareasymbol(象征)of2culture.

OfAsiancountries,Japanhighlightstheimportanceofchopsticks3adaytocelebratethem.August4is4asideasChopsticksDayinJapan.

Thedifferent5traditionsofAsialeadtodifferentkindsofchopsticks.ForexampletheJapaneseusesharp(尖的)chopsticks6theyeatalotoffish.Sharpchopsticksaregoodforpickingthefishfromthebones(骨头).

Chopsticksaremadefromdifferentkindsof7.Bamboochopsticksare8becausethematerialiseasytobreakapartanddoesn’tburneasily.Peoplealsousewoodandboneforchopsticks.Somerichpeoplehadtheirs9frompreciousmetals.Manyemperorsusedsilver(银质)chopsticks,foritwasbelievedthattheywouldturn10iftherewaspoison(毒)inthefood.

Therearealsomanytablemanners11withchopsticks.Forinstance,neverstickyourchopsticksuprightinyourricebowlor12onyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Peoplebelievethisisimpolitetothehost.

()1.A.advantageB.traditionC.instructionD.time

()2.A.EuropeanB.AmericanC.AsianD.Chinese

()3.A.withB.throughC.onD.over

()4.A.pickedB.madeC.chosenD.set

()5.A.homingB.producingC.cookingD.gardening

()6.A.becauseB.soC.onceD.unle

()7.A.plasticB.bambooC.woodD.material

()8.A.usualB.commonC.casualD.strong

()9.A.tomakeB.makingC.madeD.beingmade

()10.A.blackB.grayC.darkD.red

()11.A.popularB.filledC.comparedD.connected

()12.A.beatB.tapC.hitD.strikePassage3Davidisamiddleschoolstudent.Hehadlivedinasmall__1__forfifteenyears.Itwasasmallplacewithonlyfivefamilieslivingthere.Hisfather,Mr.Hill,wasarichfarmerandlateronhe__2__ashopinourtown.Heboughtahouseherelastmonth.His__3__movedtothenewhouseandhissonbegantostudyinourclass.Buthehad__4__friendshere.Atfirstheoftenplayedby_5__.HisneighborCathyisakindgirl.Shehasmanyfriends.Shefindstheboynevertalkswithanybodyanddecidestohelphim.David__6__tostaywithherandtalkstoheralot.Nowthey'regoodfriends.Oneafternoon,CathytoldDavid,“It'llbemysixteenthbirthdaytomorrow.I'llhaveabirthdayparty.Wouldyouliketocome?”“__7__.I'mgladto,”theboysaidhappily.Davidgothomeandthoughtofa__8__hecouldgivetoCathy.Hewassorrythathe_9__toaskthegirlwhatsheliked.Hecouldn'ttelephoneherbecausehedidn'tknowher__10__.AtthatmomentMrs.Hillcameandasked,“What'sthematter,dear?”“Whatwouldyoulikeifitwasyoursixteenthbirthday,Mom?”“Nothing,"thewomansaid,"IjustwishIweresixteen.”()1.A.town B.city C.village D.country()2.A.open B.opens C.opened D.opening()3.A.home B.shop C.buildingD.family()4.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little()5.A.himself B.him C.his D.he()6.A.enjoy B.enjoys C.like D.likes()7.A.Well B.No C.Sorry D.Certainly()8.A.book B.dress C.present D.pen()9.A.forgot B.forget C.remember D.remembered()10.A.home B.number C.place D.addressPassage4Deargrandma,Howisitgoing?Ihopethatgrandpais1now.Iwassorrytohearthathehada2lastweek.Ihopeyouareingoodhealth.Thingsarefinenow.Ifinishedmyend-of-yearexamslastweekandgotmy3cardtoday.Ialwaysget4whenIseetheenvelopefromschoolinthemail,but5IdidOKthistime.Ihadareallyhard6withsciencethissemester,andIwasn'tsurprisedtofindthatmyworstreportwasfrommyscienceteacher.ShesaidIwaslazy,whichisn't7.It'sjustthatIfindsciencereallydifficult.8disappointingresultwasinhistory.MyhistoryteachersaidIcoulddobetter.Thegood9isthatmymathteachersaidIwashard-working.AndmySpanishteachersaidmylisteningwasgood.Well,that'saboutallthenewsIhavefornow.DadandMom10theirlove.LoveAlan()1.A.well B.rich C.busy D.kind()2.A.rest B.dream C.game D.cold()3.A.report B.ID C.phone D.library()4.A.excited B.sad C.nervous D.tired()5.A.carefully B.luckily C.suddenly D.quickly()6.A.business B.question C.problem D.time()7.A.important B.true C.boring D.enough()8.A.Each B.Some C.Another D.Other()9.A.meaning B.notice C.news D.letter()10.A.have B.send C.provide D.showPassage5Myholidayiscoming.YesterdayIaskedmyAmericanfriendsaboutthebestwaytotravelwithintheUnitedStates.Theysaiditwasbesttogoby__1____andgavemethe__2__.Tofly,ofcourse,isthefastestway,butonecan’tseeanythingduringa__3__excepttheblueskya