高考英语考点解读命题热点突破-专题 完形填空

专题13完形填空【考向解读】完形填空是在语篇中测试考生英语知识、阅读能力、思维能力和判断能力的综合性试题，是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高、分值大的题型。该题型要求考生综合运用各种知识，对给出的选项做出合理判断，以便使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明、文意通顺、逻辑合理。因此该题型难度较大。完形填空既可以在语篇中考查考生的词汇知识，又可以考查考生运用所学语言知识的能力，如词义辨析、词语搭配、习惯用法，包括语言交际、文化背景和社会风俗等，同时还要求考生必须具备良好地把握上下文行文逻辑的能力和整个篇章结构的能力。2016年高考完形填空的命题将继续坚持“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词，淡化语法”的命题原则，继续加大对实词意义辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判断能力、连贯性思维能力和对语境的把握能力。【命题热点突破一】利用上下文信息考生从上下文寻找有关暗示及线索，如体裁线索、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文情景线索等，对文章的情景进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，仔细答题。1．上下求索找信息，即从全篇的上文、下文中寻找信息每篇文章都有其内在的线索，而上下文则是营造语言环境的基础，也是进行逻辑推理的依据。通读全文大意，根据上下文寻找信息词，是提高准确率的关键。(1)运用前置信息例1、(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)LarryworkswithTransportDrivers，Inc.Onemorningin2009，Larrywas41.travelingalong165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.customers.Suddenly，hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43.Ashegotcloser，hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.44．A.each B．anotherC．that D．his答案B(2)运用后置信息例2、(2016·全国Ⅱ片段)Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually41.metyou.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou42.camethroughthisdevice，sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.43.Yettheyfeeltheycanknowyou44.justfromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe45is.Powerful，yes，butnotalways46.accurate.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone...45．A.telephone B．voiceC．connection D．impression答案A解析考查上下文理解。根据46空后的“onlybyphone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A项正确。2．巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑信息平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上紧密相连。例3、(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)Onemorelookandhenoticed45.flamesshootingoutfromunderthe46.disabledvehicle.Larrypulledover，setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器)．Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.47．A.gotholdof B．preparedC．tookchargeof D．controlled答案A3．利用作者的情感态度(褒贬性)，判断是非曲直几乎每篇完形填空都有一定的作者情感态度，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。例4、(2016·全国Ⅱ片段)...Shegavemea53.comfortingsmile，noddedwhilelisteningpatiently，andthenprintedoutthe54.ticketimmediately.“Whatawonderfullady！”Ithought.Rushingout55.gratefullyIcalledoutovermyshoulder，“Bytheway，what’syourname？”“I’mRani，”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa56womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas57.speechless！WhyhadIthoughtshewascold？Raniwas，well，so58.56．A.careful B．seriousC．nervous D．pleasant58．A.calm B．niceC．proud D．clever56．答案 D58．答案B【命题热点突破二】固定搭配和词语辨析固定搭配是高考完形填空的考查点之一。词语的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配比例较大。考生平时应多读、多记所学习语或固定搭配并牢固掌握，灵活运用。1．左顾右盼——找搭配弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意：常常不止一个选项可以构成搭配关系，应该结合上下文和语境定夺。例1、(2016·四川片段)Another53.trywasinorder.“Well，ifyoudon’twanttoreadit，giveit54.Maybeyourmomwould55.enjoyhearingthestory.”ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDedeandshebegantoreaditaloud...54．A.away B．outC．in D．back答案D解析考查固定搭配。根据后文的“ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDede...”可知，德德姑姑是让莱内将书归还给她。giveaway分发，泄露；giveout发出；givein屈服；giveback归还。根据语境可知选D。2．避免只重语意，忽略习惯搭配部分考生只是注重语境，忽视了词汇的习惯搭配。因此考生把握语境的同时，要注意填入的名词、形容词、动词与空格前后某个词汇的搭配，尤其注意与介词和副词的搭配。例2、(2016·天津片段)Lastsummer，shewantedto18.joinourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally19it.Theteampractice,20.however，wasaroughstart.19．A.increased B．foundC．created D．made答案D解析makeit固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事”。3．运用词语辨析选择判断此类题目一般4个选项的词性相同、词义相近或相同。主要考查学生在具体语境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。例3、(2016·全国Ⅱ片段)Powerful，yes，butnotalways46.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani，myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermet47.inperson，gotmerock­bottompricesonairfares，cars，andhotels.46．A.direct B．usefulC．easy D．accurate答案D【命题热点突破三】语法与逻辑结构1．语法结构完形填空对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓一致关系、并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配关系。例1、(2016·北京片段)TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher，Shannon，pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher，Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.46．A.ThoughB．SinceC．WhenD．If答案C解析考查时间状语从句。句意为：当他把药物交给下一个人时，Shannon的脸已经被冻得乌青。此处用When引导时间状语从句。2．逻辑结构完形填空的逻辑结构很强。通常考生可以根据文中出现的一些逻辑关系词就能准确推测出下一个要考查的词汇。此类题目主要通过了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息后，再分析句子和句子之间的关系，段落和段落之间的关系来解题。(1)句中逻辑关系例2、(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48.cameoverandtoldLarryhehad49.madeanemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.50．A.then B．againC．finally D．even答案A解析考查句中逻辑关系。正当那人与拉里说话，这时他们听到车里传来一个女人的声音，此处用then表示“接着，然后”。(2)句间逻辑关系句间逻辑关系通常用表示转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词体现。有时候也可以通过渗透到篇章结构层面，在句子与句子之间表现出来。例3、(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)Theytoldhertostay52.stilluntiltheemergencypersonnelarrived，53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.explode.53．A.forB．soC．andD．but答案D【命题热点突破四】文化情景和生活常识要求考生能够积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，尤其是东西方文化的差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的分析和判断。例1、2016·浙江片段)Myhusbandwasorderedoutonalong­termduty，andIwasleftinatinyshack(棚屋)alone.Theheatwas23—almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)．23．A.inflexible B．incomprehensibleC．uncontrollable D．unbearable答案D解析考查常识和形容词辨析。根据后面提到的“almost125°Fevenintheshadeofacactus(仙人掌)”可知天气很热，因此应该是让人“无法忍受”。inflexible不灵活的；incomprehensible无法理解的；uncontrollable无法控制的；unbearable不能忍受的。【命题热点突破五】排除法在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，又发现其他选项很明显是错误的，可以尝试用排除法。考生可以根据空格的位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文语境、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐个分析，发现不合适的选项应立即排除。例5．(2015·高考陕西卷，节选)Ilookedathimawhile，then__37__thecombandheadedtothesink.37．A．dropped B．tookC．handedD．threw解析：选B。此处是三个并列的谓语动词，“我”看了爸爸一会儿，然后______梳子，朝洗脸盆走去。可以采用排除法,drop丢下，hand交给，throw扔，均不符合语境。表示“拿走”用take。【方法技巧】由于这些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”和“暗示”的，所以要求考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想象，然后随着选择范围的缩小，最终选出正确的选项。排除法如果运用得当，可以大大节省时间和精力。第一步重视首句，把握开篇认真阅读短文开头的一两句可判断文章的体裁，预测文章的大意和主旨。第二步通读全文，把握大意考生答题时，应首先把短文从头到尾快速阅读一遍，从整体上感知全文，把握其大意。通读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，只有这样才能准确预测和推断文章的主旨，便于考生整体理解短文，形成完整的思路。第三步细读全文，确定选项应根据上下文的内在联系、短文自身完整的语境以及英语单词词义的细微区别，综合运用已掌握的语言知识对选项进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。要理顺思路，前后参照，上下贯通，仔细推敲，逐项排除与全文中心思想不一致的选项,最后确定最能恰如其分地表达中心思想的正确选项。第四步重视复核，消除疏漏要检查是否前后连贯，意思通顺。如果有些地方意义含混不清或矛盾，就应该依据文章的主旨大意并结合上下文信息来重新考虑，仔细权衡后加以改正。对于个别难度较大的空项,可以凭着自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的答案。【命题热点突破六】考查语境推理完形填空所提供的是一篇完整的短文，其段与段、句与句甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。完形填空中每一个空格的设置都不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性。因此考生在选择答案时不要只注意选项所在的短语、句子或段落,还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。完形填空50%以上的题目都是语篇层次上的语意辨析，必须根据上下文的意思来判断。而断章取义、就题论题、忽略上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething？School？Afriend？Atutor？Theseareall__21(traditional)__placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant__22(lies)__somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe__23(chance)__ofseeingthisfirsthandona__24(weekend)__．Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__25__atournament，whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__26__experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__27__trained.25．A．won B．enteredC．organized D．watched26．A．painful B．strangeC．common D．practical解析：选A。结合上下文可知，她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队，因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)经历。strange奇怪的，common普通的,practica实际的，均与语境不符。故选A。27．A．less B．poorlyC．newly D．better解析：选D。根据上文提到的moreskilledclubteams可知,这些参加锦标赛的球队都是经过更好(better)训练的球队。less更少，poorly糟糕地，二者意思与语境相反；newly最近，新近，与语境不符。故选D。【名师点睛】对这类题的解答要做到瞻前顾后，前后参照，科学推理。对于逻辑推理类题，要深入分析，通过句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系排除不恰当选项，逐步缩小范围；还要通过下文所提供的信息进行反向推断，此时要前后参照，用前面的事实推后面的结果，或用后面的结果验证前面的判断。运用逻辑推理解答完形填空必须做到有理、有据、合情合理，推理后的情节要与文章的主题相吻合，句子结构要完整、正确。因此，此类试题的解答原则是:力求掌握文章的主旨大意，借助语篇中或空格处临近的有效信息，综合人物心理与情节的关系，科学推断。同时要分析、推敲备选项(很多逻辑推理题往往与语意辨析紧密相连)，做到“完形”后的句子在结构和意义两方面均完全正确，且合乎逻辑，与文章的中心相一致。【命题热点突破七】考查词义辨析词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点，主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查，如名词、形容词、动词、副词等，而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。要做好这类题目，除了要依托上下文语境外，还要求考生有丰富的词汇储备、扎实的构词知识和良好的英语语感，从而做到科学、灵活地辨析。例7、(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)It__37__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__38_(learning)__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.37．A．confused B．struckC．reminded D．warned【变式探究】(2015·高考天津卷，节选)Dayslater，wemadea(n)__23_(offer)__—farbelowtheaskingprice.Surprisingly，theydidn’t__24__us.Theyrenewedtheiroffer__25_(instead)__．24．A．comeacross B．lookafter解析：选D。由空后的Theyrenewedtheiroffer可知，他们没有嘲笑我们(的出价比要价低得多)。comeacross偶然遇到;lookafter照顾；dependon依赖；laughat嘲笑。【特别提醒】在做词义辨析类题时，往往可以根据各选项词义选择出符合语意的正确选项，但也可能出现意思相近的选项，即单从词的意思上看，有两个或三个选项都是合适的，这时就要求考生特别注意区分它们之间细微的差别。同时，一定要把这些选项放在具体的语境里进行区分、判断，体会它们在上下文中所表示的不同意义，联系语境选择出合适选项。对于动词词义辨析题，考生除了要清楚动词在上下文语境中的词义外，还需要注意动词形式的变化。虽然动词时态和语态不是高考完形填空考查的重点，但掌握好这一点有助于考生较好地理解语篇，把握语境，从而为下一步从意思上辨析选项做好准备。【高考真题解读】1.【2016·全国新课标I】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009.Larrywas__41__along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.41.A.walking B.touring C．traveling D．rushing42.A.passengers B.colleagues C.employers D.customers43.A.Since B.Although C.As D.If44.A.each B.another C.that D.his45.A.flames B.smoke C.water D.steam46.A.used B.disabled C.removed D.abandoned47.A.gotholdof B.prepared C.tookchargeof D.controlled48.A.camedown B.camethrough C.camein D.cameover49.A.returned B.received C.made D.confirmed50.A.then B.again C.finally D.even51.A.Starting B.Parking C.Passing D.Approaching52.A.quiet B.still C.away D.calm53.A.for B.so C.and D.but54.A.explode B.slipaway C.fallapart D.crash55.A.asif B.unless C.incase D.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedon D.setout57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver58.A.forbidden B.ready C.asked D.free59.A.forcertain B.forconsiderationC.reported D.checked60.A.patience B.skills C.efforts D.promise【答案】41-45CDCBA46-50BADCA51-55DBDAC56-60BBDAC46.B考查形容词词辨析及语境理解。根据第二段中awomen’svoicecomingfromthewreckedvehicle，可知汽车是毁坏了的，used使用；disabled残废的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。47.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知他下车去灭火。Getholdof拿起；prepare准备；takechargeof负责；control控制。故选A。48.D考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据andtoldLarryhehad_48__anemergencycall可知，那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。Comedown下来；comethrough经历；comein进来；comeover走过来。故选D。49.C考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据下文警察来了可知这个司机打了电话报警。Return归还；receiveacall接到电话；makeacall打电话；confirm确认。故选C。53.D考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间是转折关系。for因为；.So所以；and并且；but但是。故选D。54.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容判断这位妇女害怕汽车会爆炸。Explore爆炸；slipaway溜走；fallapart崩溃；crash坠毁，摔碎；故选A。55.C考查短语和介词辨析及语境理解。根据上文可知Larry害怕她脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假设关系。Asif仿佛；unless除非；incase以免；after在之后。故选C。56.B考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人，都退到后面。Steppedforward迈步向前；backedoff退后；movedon继续前行；setout出发；根据句意选B。57.B考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived可知是救援的警察赶到现场。woman妇女；police警察；man男人；driver司机；故选B。58.D考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知警察让他离开了，由此判断Larry询问警察他是否可以离去。Forbidden被禁止的；ready有准备的；asked被问到的；free自由的。Befreetodosth自由地做某事。故选D。59.A考查短语辨析及语境理解。根据上文可知Larry救人的事实是确定无疑的。forcertain确定无疑；forconsideration以供参考；report报道；check核实；故选A。考点：考查故事类短文阅读2.【2016·全国新课标II】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually21you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou22throughthisdevice,sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.23theyfeeltheycanknowyou24fromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe25is.Powerful,yes,butnotalways26.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani,myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermet27,gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.Isometimeswishedto29anotheragent.Onemorning,Ihadto30animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani’soffice31.Thewomansittingatthedesk,32mymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.Shegavemea33smile,noddedwhilelisteningpatiently,andthenprintedoutthe34immediately.“Whatawonderfullady!”Ithought.Rushingout35Icalledoutovermyshoulder,“Bytheway,what’syourname?”“I’mRani,”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa36womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas37!WhyhadIthoughtshewascold?Raniwas,well,so38.Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani’s39herwarmsmile,hernods,her‘I’mhereforyou’40wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn’ttravelthroughwires.21.A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met22.A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed23.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed24.A.rather B.also C.just D.already25.A.Telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression26.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate27.A.inperson B.bymyself C.inpublic D.onpurpose28.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused29.A.promote B.train C.find D.know30.A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book31.A.forthefirsttime B.atanytime C.fromtimetotimeD.ingoodtime32.A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding33.A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced34.A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list35.A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully36.A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant37.A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless38.A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever39.A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness40.A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.Behavior【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.A28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.B34.C35.C36.D37.D38.B39.C40.B23.B考查上下文串联。虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们只要通过你的声音，就可以了解你。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用副词yet串联前后语义。故B正确。24.C考查副词辨析。副词rather相当地；also也；just只是；already已经；本句使用just表示强调，别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。故C正确。25.A考查上下文串联。根据26空后“onlybyphone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A正确。26.D考查上下文串联。形容词direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的；本空前的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但是也并不是很准确。与ABC三项语义不搭配。故D正确。27.A考查介词辨析。介词inperson亲自，bymyself靠自己；inpublic当众；onpurpose故意地；A项与空前的faceless形成呼应，Rani是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故A正确。28.A考查上下文串联。空前的coldvoice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，和让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对他的声音很反感。故A正确。29.C考查上下文串联。动词promote提拔；train训练；find寻找，找到；know知道；正是因为Rani的声音让我很不舒服，所以我曾经想过另外找代理人取代他。故C正确。30.D考查动词辨析。动词arrange预定；postpone推迟；confirm确认；book预定；因为家庭中的紧急事情我要立刻预定回家的航班。动词book与flight相搭配。故D正确。31.A考查介词短语。短语forthefirsttime第一次；atanytime随时；fromtimetotime时而不时；ingoodtime及时，迅速；因为情况紧急，所以我第一次亲自来到Rani的办公室。故A正确。32.B考查动词辨析。动词expect期待，预料；see看见；test检测；avoid避免；她看到了我的着急，Rani非常同情我，给了我安慰的笑容。动词see与上下文搭配一致。33.B考查形容词辨析。形容词shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的；她看到我很着急，笑着安慰我。故B正确。34.C考查上下文串联。根据30空可知我要预定回家的航班的机票，本句中Rani很快帮我把机票打印出来。故C正确。35.C考查上下文串联。副词hopefully充满希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地；对方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这让我心存感激。故C项正确。考点：考查夹叙夹议类阅读3.【2016·全国新课标III】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.Thatmeant21MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootballeverywherefor23.JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecamebackfrom24.Helookedvery25,buthedidn’tcry.Thatseason,I26allofMiller`srecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’s29.Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,＂Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.＂Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad37.Ithoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas38aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave39him.Fromthatdayon，Igrew40andalittlemorereal.21.A.cheeringfor B.beatingout C.relyingon D.stayingwith22.A.coach B.student C.teacher D.player23.A.practice B.show C.comfort D.pleasure24.A.school B.vacation C.hospital D.training25.A.pale B.calm C.relaxed D.ashamed26.A.held B.broke C.set D.tried27.A.reported B.judged C.organized D.watched28.A.and B.then C.but D.thus29.A.decision B.mistake C.accident D.sacrifice30.A.stuck B.hurt C.tried D.lost31.A.steady B.hard C.fun D.fit32.A.praise B.advice C.assistance D.apology33.A.let B.helped C.had D.noticed34.A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe35.A.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally36.A.us B.yourself C.me D.them37.A.memories B.ideas C.attitudes D.dreams38.A.still B.also C.yet D.just39.A.challenged B.cured C.invited D.admired40.A.healthier B.bigger C.cleverer D.cooler【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.C30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.A36.C37.D38.A39.D40.B21.B考查动词短语辨析。A.cheeringfor为…欢呼；B.beatingout打败；C.relyingon依靠；D.stayingwith和待在一起。根据“becomethestaronourfootballteam”可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员，故选B。26.B考查动词辨析。A.held握住；B.broke打破；C.set创立，开创；D.tried尝试。根据“records记录”可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。27.D考查动词辨析。A.reported报告；B.judged判断；C.organized组织；D.watched观看。whilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench受伤后的Miller坐在长凳上观看比赛，故选D。28.C考查并列连词。A.and和；B.then然后；C.but但是；D.thus因此。Iwasnamedmostvaluableplayer和Ioftenhadcrazydreams形成对比，作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，故选C。29.C考查名词辨析。A.decision决定；B.mistake错误；C.accident事故；D.sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是，仿佛是自己应该为Miller的事故负责，作者觉得有点胜之不武，故选C。30.A考查形容词辨析。A.stuck；B.hurt；C.tired劳累的；D.lost丢失的。sawMiller30goingoverafence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难，因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了，故选A。31.B考查形容词辨析。A.steady稳定的；B.hard困难的；C.fun有趣的；D.fit合适的，健康的。ifyouhadbotharms.手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力，故选B。32.C考查名词辨析。A.praise表扬；B.advice建议；C.assistance帮助；D.apology道歉。作者认为Miller最不愿接受作者的帮助，thelast最不可能的，故选C。33.B考查动词辨析。A.let让；B.helped帮助；C.had有，使；D.noticed注意到。根据“heaccepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的帮助，故选B。34.D考查形容词辨析。A.dropped；B.ready准备好的；C.trapped被困住的；D.safe安全的。作者和Miller两人成功翻过篱笆，故选D。39.D考查动词辨析。A.challenged挑战；B.cured治愈；C.invited邀请；D.admired敬佩，赞赏，欣赏。Iwasrighttohave39him.作者认为自己敬佩Miller没有做错，故选D。40.B考查形容词比较级。A.healthier更健康的；B.bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C.cleverer更聪明的；D.cooler更酷的，更凉的。从那天起，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了，故选B。考点：生活故事类短文阅读4.【2016·北京】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch36aSickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(传染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown`s39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe40roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twemtymorewere42.Nome`stownofficialscameupwitha(n)43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would45ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon`sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost48partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsonwblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕迹)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog,Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto53.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog54inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen55.36.A.examined B.warnedC.interviewedD.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border40.A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C.mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C.When D.If47.A.enter B.move C.visit D.cross48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerousD.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C.camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B38.D考查副词辨析。A.Moreover而且；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.However然而。然而，最近的药品供应站距离诺姆一千多里，前后是转折关系，故选D。39.C考查名词辨析。A.airport机场；B.station车站；C.harbor港口；D.border边境。根据“soitcouldn’tcomebyship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。40.B考查形容词辨析。A.narrow狭窄的；B.snowy被雪覆盖的；C.busy繁忙的；D.dirty脏的。根据第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，故选B。41.C考查介词辨析。A.From从，自；B.On在上面；C.By通过，在之前；D.After在之后。by+时间，与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。42.D考查形容词辨析。A.tired劳累的；B.upset难过的；C.pale苍白的；D.sick生病的。四个孩子相继去世，还有20几个患病，故选D。43.A考查名词辨析。A.plan计划；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，故选A。44.B考查名词辨析。A.air空气；B.rail栏杆，铁轨；C.sea海洋；D.road道路。根据下一段“fromthetrainatNenana”可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana，故选B。45.A考查动词辨析。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C.mail邮寄；D.give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。46.C考查时间状语从句。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。47.D考查动词辨析。A.enter进入；B.move移动；C.visit拜访；D.cross穿过。根据“NortonSoundwascoveredwithice”可知，NortonSound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。52.B考查动词辨析。A.pretending假装；B.trying努力；C.asking问，要求；D.learning学会。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道，故选B。53.A考查动词辨析。A.run跑；B.leave离开；C.bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的雪橇狗找到了轨道，开始奔跑起来，故选A。54.D考查动词辨析。A.gathered聚集；B.stayed保持；C.camped露营，借住；D.arrived到达。arriveinsp到达某地，这里指终于到达诺姆，故选D。55.B考查动词辨析。A.controlled控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed发展。所有的孩子得到了救治，诺姆活了下来，故选B。考点：人物故事类短文阅读5.【2016·天津】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选春最佳选项。ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerrible16inherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment,she17becamehealthy.Twoyearsago,whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics,adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer,shewantedto18outlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally19it.Theteampractice,20wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly21herfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedto22herfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning,wearingherswimsuit23togo!Itoldhersheshouldn’tswimafterawholenight’scoughing,butsherefusedto24andinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon,Cathykeptswimminganddidn’t25asinglepractice.Shehada26intentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten—year—oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes,intothis27humanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsof28ofcourse:oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn’ta29ever.Butthatdidn’tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn’texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto30herfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach31,“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy!”Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspireduswithher32andenthusiasm.33skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(财富)onecanholdistheheart.”Itwasthegreatest34ofmydaughter’slife.Withallshehadbeen35