山东省泰安市2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

试卷类型：A高一年级考试英语试题2025.01注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestabouthercar?A.Cheapprice.B.Comfortableseats.C.Advancedtechnology.2.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Movehisboxes.B.Holdapartyforhim.C.Introducehimtosomeneighbors.3.Whendoesthemanusuallyexercise?A.Inthemorning.B.Aroundnoon.C.Atnight.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Missingcalls.B.Businessmeetings.C.Wrongtelephonenumbers.5.Whydidthewomanwritethepoem?A.Topublishherownpoetry.B.Tocompleteaschooltask.C.Tolearnmoreaboutliterature.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdidthewomanknowthevolunteerwork?A.Fromhersister.B.Fromhercoach.C.Fromherschoolmate.7.Howoftenwillthemanprobablygototheanimalhome?A.Twodaysaweek.B.Threedaysaweek.C.Everyday.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inapark.B.Atasportscenter.C.Onaschoolplayground.9.Whatisthewomanthankingthemanfor?A.Respectingherteam.B.Introducingnewfriendstoher.C.Teachingherhowtoplaybasketball.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Nervous.B.Proud.C.Excited.11.Whatmightthemanbe?A.Aviolinist.B.Asinger.C.Ateacher.12.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforherparents?A.Performforthem.B.Takethemtoaconcert.C.Buythemanamazinggift.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.14.Whatisimportantaccordingtothewoman?A.Finishingpapersontime.B.Writingalongpaper.C.Thinkingdeeply.15.Whichtopicwouldthemanprefer?A.Theenvironment.B.Technology.C.Sports.16.Wherewillthemanprobablygonext?A.Toanotherclassroom.B.Tothelibrary.C.Toacafé.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakergivingaspeechto?A.Herco-workers.B.Hercustomers.C.Herstudents.18.Whatmakesthelistenersunhappyaccordingtothespeaker?A.Longworkinghours.B.Badweather.C.Illness.19.Whatisthefirstgift?A.Aholiday.B.Newbikes.C.Freegympasses.20.Whenwillthelistenersgohiking?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.Thisweekend.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerecomesaonce-in-a-lifetimeunforgettableexperienceforyou!Inthe2024/2025season,theNorthernLightsthiswinter,whicharestrongerthanbefore,aresuretocatchyoureye.Hereissomeinformationonhowthelightshappenandwhatcanhelpyougetready.TheNorthernLightsarecreatedwhengasparticle(粒子)fromearthhitchargedparticlesfromthesun.Thesun’spowerfulenergyisusuallyreflectedawayfromearthbecauseofitspowerfulmagneticfield(磁场),butatboththenorthandsouthpoles,wherethemagneticfieldisweaker,thesolarwindsbreakthrough,hittingournaturalgasescausingthesecolourfullights.TherearemanyNorthernLightstoolsthathelpyouincreaseyourchancesofcatchingthelights.AmongthemareAuroraForecastandAuroraService,whichwillalsogiveyoualotofinformation:solarraysandwindspeed.There’salsoAuroraAlertsthatpostsupcomingactivitydetails.Whentoseethem?Althoughitisimpossibletopredictwhenthelightswillappear,thereisahigherchanceofseeingthemduringthedarkcoldwinternights,betweenOctobertoMarch.Wheretoseethem?ThenorthcoastofNorwayisprobablythebestplaceintheworldtoseetheNorthernLights.ThisisbecauseNorwaysitsbelowthe‘AuroralOval’,whichalmostfollowsthelineoftheArcticCircle.TheNorthernLightshavebeenviewedmuchfurthersouth.Infact,duringacoupleofseriouslystrongsolarflares(耀斑)lastcenturytheywereviewedasfarsouthasHawaii.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.The‘AuroralOval’islocatedexactlyontheArcticCircle.B.TheNorthernLightscanbepredictedaccuratelyduringthewinter.C.TheAuroraForecastonlyprovidesinformationaboutthesolarrays.D.Thestrongerthesolaractivityis,thefurthersouththeNorthernLightscanbeseen.2.Whatcausesthecolorfullightsinthepolesoftheearth?A.Thestrongmagneticfieldsthere.B.Thesun’senergybeingreflectedaway.C.Theweakermagneticfieldsthere.D.Naturalwinds’breakingthrough.3.Wherewouldyouprobablyfindthearticle?A.Inamagazine. B.Inadiary. C.Inareport. D.Inanovel.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了北极光的形成原因、观赏时机和地点，以及相关的观赏工具。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Infact,duringacoupleofseriouslystrongsolarflares(耀斑)lastcenturytheywereviewedasfarsouthasHawaii.(事实上，在上个世纪的几次强烈的太阳耀斑中，远在南方的夏威夷都能看到它们)”可推知，太阳活动越强，北极光可以看到的位置越南。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“…butatboththenorthandsouthpoles,wherethemagneticfieldisweaker,thesolarwindsbreakthrough,hittingournaturalgasescausingthesecolourfullights.(但在南北两极，由于磁场较弱，太阳风会突破，冲击我们的天然气体，产生这些彩色的光)”可推知，地球两极的彩色光是由较弱的磁场引起的。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了北极光相关信息，如其形成原因、观赏工具、时机和地点等内容。这些内容通常会出现在旅游或科普类杂志上。故选A。BAsthenumberofdatacenters(数据中心)increases,theyseemtodisturbpeople’squietlife.Rowsofhigh-speedservers,whichpoweralmosteverythingtheworlddoesonphonesandcomputers,areheldinthebigwindowlesswarehouses.ThesewarehousesareincreasinglybecomingaspecialAmericanlandscapeintowns,citiesandsuburbsacrossthecountry.RichardAndreNewmanthoughthewouldlivetherestofhislifeinhisquiet,leafyneighborhoodinsuburbanVirginia.HewasbornandraisedinBrenMarPark,wherechildrenrodetheirbikesandneighborswavedhello.Butnow,becausehewillgetanewneighbor:Plaza500,a466,000-square-footdatacentertobebuiltneartown-homes,playgroundsandacommunitycenter,Richardfeelshelplessandheisafraidthathislifewillbedisturbed.Althoughinhissixties,heisconsideringsellinghisFairfaxCountyhomeandmovingaway.Datacentershasbeenballooningfastinrecentyearsbecauseoftherapidgrowthofcloudcomputingandartificialintelligence(AI),andlocalgovernmentshopetocompeteforhugeincomebydealingwithbigtechcompanies.Butasdatacentersbegintomoveintomorepopulatedareas,closetohomesandschools,parksandrecreationcenters,someresidents(居民)arepushingbackagainsttheworld’smostpowerfulcompaniesoverconcernsabouttheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalhealthoftheircommunities.Forlocalgovernments,attractingdatacenterstotheircitiesbenefitstheireconomy.VirginiaGov.GlennYoungkinsaidin2024thatVirginia’sexistingdatacentersbroughtin$1billionforthecity.TylerRay,alocalresident,saidthetaxesofferedtothecommunitiesarenotenoughtocounteract(抵消)theconsequencesofbuildingdatacenterssoclosetohomes.“Weknowthelocalgovernmentistryingtobringinincome,butwhatweareaskingforisthattheyshoulddoitinawaythatdoesn’trunresidentsawayfromtheirhomes,”TylerRaysaid.4.Whatisthewindowlesswarehousesusedfor?A.Housingsomeservers. B.Improvinglocalpeople’slife.C.ShowingAmericanlandscapes. D.Producingphonesandcomputers.5.WhatcanweinferfromRichard’sexperience?A.Hewillsellhishouseatahighprice. B.Hepreferslivinginanoisyplace.C.Hefeelsannoyedwiththedatacenter. D.Heistoooldtohelphisneighborhood.6.WhydoesthelocalgovernmentsupportDatacenters?A.Toprotecttheenvironment. B.Tobringinmoremoney.C.Tostrengthenpeople’shealth. D.Todrivelocalpeopleaway.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ballooning”inparagraph4mean?A.Dropping. B.Increasing. C.Bursting. D.Removing.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着科技发展，没有窗户的仓库里的数据中心正日益成为美国各地城镇、城市和郊区的一道特殊风景线。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Rowsofhigh-speedservers,whichpoweralmosteverythingtheworlddoesonphonesandcomputers,areheldinthebigwindowlesswarehouses.(一排排高速服务器被放在没有窗户的大仓库里，为世界上几乎所有的手机和电脑提供动力)”可知，没有窗户的仓库用来容纳一些服务器。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Butnow,becausehewillgetanewneighbor:Plaza500,a466,000-square-footdatacentertobebuiltneartown-homes,playgroundsandacommunitycenter,Richardfeelshelplessandheisafraidthathislifewillbedisturbed.Althoughinhissixties,heisconsideringsellinghisFairfaxCountyhomeandmovingaway.(但现在，因为他将有一个新邻居：Plaza500，一个46.6万平方英尺的数据中心，将建在联排别墅、游乐场和社区中心附近，理查德感到无助，他担心自己的生活将受到干扰。尽管他已经60多岁了，但他正在考虑卖掉他在费尔法克斯县的房子，搬离这里)”可知，理查德对数据中心感到恼火。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“localgovernmentshopetocompeteforhugeincomebydealingwithbigtechcompanies(地方政府希望通过与大型科技公司打交道来争夺巨额收入)”可知，地方政府支持数据中心是为了赚更多的钱。故选B。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“becauseoftherapidgrowthofcloudcomputingandartificialintelligence(AI)(由于云计算和人工智能（AI）的快速发展)”可知，由于云计算和人工智能（AI）的快速发展，导致了数据中心迅速增加，故划线词意思是“增加”。故选B。CAffluentNeglectmeansthatchildrenfromrichfamiliesoftengounnoticedbytheirparents.Thatdoesnotmeantheysufferfromhunger,lackofclothing,orpoorhealth.Actually,thechildrenlivingwithAffluentNeglectarewelllookedafterintheirdailylife.Whattheyareshortofisconnectionwithparentsandnecessaryboundaries(边界感).Atthesametime,theyareundermorepressurewithmoreparentalexpectationstosucceed.Thelong-terminfluencesofAffluentNeglectarequiteworrying.Manychildren,withtheirparentsoftenawayworking,mayfeellonelyandaremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.Withoutparents’company,thechildrenownfreedomtoexplorewhatevertheylike,buttoomuchfreedomandparentalabsencecanleavemanyofthemwithoutboundariesneeded.Thiscanresultinsomeissuessuchassleepingdisorder,lowinterests,oreventakingpartinriskybehaviorwithoutguidancefromparents.AffluentNeglectisarealconcernanditisdifficulttoaddress.Justimaginethattheparentsareworkingnon-stoptoprovidetheirkidswiththebestlivingconditions,onlytobetoldtheirkidsfeeltheyareunnoticed.Fortunately,somemeasurescanbetakentoavoidAffluentNeglect.Forexample,settingsomehoursasidetohavedinnerwithyourchildrencanmakeabigdifference.Chattingwiththemoverfoodisanotherwaytolearnhowtheyaregettingonwithschool,anddiscoverwhathobbiesthey’vedeveloped.Alsoallowingsometimefor“aimless”playenableschildrentodiscovertheirowncreativityandpassions.Again,encouragethemtoputdownsmartphonesandinsteadfindcreativewaystopasstime.Betteryet,jointheminsomeactivities,suchasbaking,painting,orcycling!Beingparentsisnevereasy,butmakingtinychangesinourroutinesandspendingtimewiththosewhomatterthemostwillpayoff!8.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayhappentochildrenfromrichfamilies?A.Theygetenoughattentionfromparents.B.Theyareabletocontrolwhattheydo.C.Theydislikestayingwiththeirparents.D.Theybearmoreexpectationsfromtheirparents.9.HowarechildrenaffectedbyAffluentNeglect?A.Theymayfeeldown. B.Theycanfeelenergetic.C.Theycanhaveasoundsleep. D.Theymayfeelindependent.10.WhatcanparentsdotopreventAffluentNeglect?A.Stayathomeeveryday. B.Tellwhathappenstoteachers.C.Allowthemtoplaygamesfreely. D.Climbmountainswiththeirchildren.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Beingparentsworkingawayfromhomeishard.B.Wealthbringshappinessforkidsfromrichfamilies.C.Kidsfromrichfamiliesneedmoreparentalattention.D.Parentsshouldpayattentiontokids’physicalhealth.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了富裕家庭的孩子需要更多父母的关注。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Atthesametime,theyareundermorepressurewithmoreparentalexpectationstosucceed.(与此同时，他们承受着更大的压力，因为父母对他们成功的期望更高)”可知，来自富裕家庭的孩子承受着父母更多的期望，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Manychildren,withtheirparentsoftenawayworking,mayfeellonelyandaremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.(许多父母经常外出工作的孩子，他们可能会感到孤独，并且更容易患上抑郁症)”可知，受到富足型忽视的孩子可能会感到情绪低落，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段“Fortunately,somemeasurescanbetakentoavoidAffluentNeglect.Forexample,settingsomehoursasidetohavedinnerwithyourchildrencanmakeabigdifference.Chattingwiththemoverfoodisanotherwaytolearnhowtheyaregettingonwithschool,anddiscoverwhathobbiesthey’vedeveloped.Alsoallowingsometimefor“aimless”playenableschildrentodiscovertheirowncreativityandpassions.Again,encouragethemtoputdownsmartphonesandinsteadfindcreativewaystopasstime.Betteryet,jointheminsomeactivities,suchasbaking,painting,orcycling!(幸运的是，我们可以采取一些措施来避免“富足型忽视”。例如，留出一些时间和孩子一起吃晚餐，这会产生很大的影响。吃饭时和他们聊聊天，这是了解他们在学校的表现以及发现他们培养了哪些爱好的另一种方式。另外，给他们一些时间进行“无目的”的玩耍，能让孩子们发现自己的创造力和热情。同样，鼓励他们放下智能手机，转而寻找有创意的方式来打发时间。更好的做法是，和他们一起参与一些活动，比如烘焙、绘画或者骑自行车！)”可知，家长可以通过和孩子一起吃饭和参加活动来预防富裕忽视，D选项“Climbmountainswiththeirchildren.(和孩子一起爬山)”属于参加活动的一种，符合题意。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AffluentNeglectmeansthatchildrenfromrichfamiliesoftengounnoticedbytheirparents.Thatdoesnotmeantheysufferfromhunger,lackofclothing,orpoorhealth.Actually,thechildrenlivingwithAffluentNeglectarewelllookedafterintheirdailylife.Whattheyareshortofisconnectionwithparentsandnecessaryboundaries(边界感).Atthesametime,theyareundermorepressurewithmoreparentalexpectationstosucceed.(“富足型忽视”指的是富裕家庭的孩子常常被父母忽视。这并不意味着他们会遭受饥饿、缺衣少食或者健康状况不佳的困扰。实际上，处于“富足型忽视”环境中的孩子在日常生活中得到了很好的照料。他们所缺乏的是与父母的情感联结以及必要的边界感。与此同时，他们承受着更大的压力，因为父母对他们成功的期望更高)”可知，文章第一段提出富裕忽视是指富裕家庭的孩子经常被父母忽视，下文具体讲述了富裕忽视的影响和如何避免富裕忽视，因此文章主旨是富裕家庭的孩子需要更多的父母关注，故选C。DAustraliahaspassedalawthatbans(禁止)individualsundertheageof16fromusingsocialmediaplatforms.Thislaw,whichwaspassedquicklybytheParliament,aimsatprotectingchildrenfromthepossibledangersexistinginthedigitaltimes.PassedbytheSenateonNovember28,2024,afterjustaweekofdiscussion,thelawordersthatsocialmediacompanies—rangingfromTikToktoInstagram—carryout“reasonablemeasures”tobanteenagersfromcreatingaccounts.Failuretoobeycouldresultinlargefines,reachingupto$32million.Thedriveforthislawcomesfromgrowingconcernsabouttheharmfuleffectsofsocialmediaonmentalhealth.PrimeMinisterAnthonyAlbanesehasbeensupportiveoftheneedtoprotectchildrenfromonlinebullying(霸凌),peerpressure,andharmfulbehaviors.Thegovernment’sviewpointisclear:teenagersaged16andolderareconsideredablertohandleonlineissues.ArecentsurveyshowsthatthisprotectivemeasureattractstheAustralianpublic:astriking77%supportthelaw.Thisstrongsupportshowsasocietalagreementonputtingchildren’ssafetyfirstinanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld.However,whilethelawsetsupaclearagelimit,doubtsappearregardingitsbeingputintopractice.Thegovernmenthasdecidednottorequireuserstoprovidegovernment-issuedidentificationtoprovetheirages,adecisionaimedatdealingwithprivacyconcernsbutonethatraisesdoubtsabouthowsuccessfullythesemeasurescanbeputintoeffect.Someexpertswarnthatwithoutstrongandstrictageprovingprocesses,teenagersmaystillfindwaystoavoidthelimits.12.WhatcausedtheAustraliangovernmenttopassthelaw?A.Improvingchildren’sabilitiestosolveproblems.B.Worryingaboutteenagers’mentalhealth.C.Protectingchildrenfromschoolbullying.D.Theinfluencesofteenagers’badbehaviouronsociety.13.What’stheattitudeofmostAustralianstothelaw?A.Unclear. B.Disagreeable. C.Supportive. D.Indifferent.14.Whydosomepeopledoubtwhetherthelawcanbecarriedoutsuccessfully?A.Becauseageprovingprocesseswastetime.B.Becauseit’seasytogiveawaytheusers’privacy.C.Becauseit’sdifficulttoensuretheusers’age.D.Becausethelawdoesn’twinparents’approval.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ANewBaninAustraliatoProtectItsYoungCitizens.B.ANewLawinAustraliaBanningtheUseofSocialMedia.C.ANewBaninAustraliatoProtectChildrenfromDangers.D.ANewLawinAustraliaBanningChildrenfromUsingSocialMedia.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚通过了一项新法律，禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Thedriveforthislawcomesfromgrowingconcernsabouttheharmfuleffectsofsocialmediaonmentalhealth.(推动这项法律出台的是对社交媒体对心理健康有害影响日益增长的担忧。)”可知，澳大利亚政府通过这项法律的原因是担心青少年的心理健康。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段中“ArecentsurveyshowsthatthisprotectivemeasureattractstheAustralianpublic:astriking77%supportthelaw.(最近的一项调查显示，这一保护措施得到了澳大利亚公众的青睐：高达77%的人支持该法律。)”可知，大多数澳大利亚人对这项法律持支持态度。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Thegovernmenthasdecidednottorequireuserstoprovidegovernment-issuedidentificationtoprovetheirages,adecisionaimedatdealingwithprivacyconcernsbutonethatraisesdoubtsabouthowsuccessfullythesemeasurescanbeputintoeffect.Someexpertswarnthatwithoutstrongandstrictageprovingprocesses,teenagersmaystillfindwaystoavoidthelimits.(政府已决定不要求用户提供政府颁发的身份证明来证实其年龄，这一决定旨在应对隐私方面的担忧，但也引发了对这些措施能否有效实施的质疑。一些专家警告说，如果没有严格有力的年龄证明程序，青少年仍可能找到规避限制的方法。)”可知，一些人怀疑这项法律能否成功实施是因为很难确保用户的年龄。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Australiahaspassedalawthatbans(禁止)individualsundertheageof16fromusingsocialmediaplatforms.Thislaw,whichwaspassedquicklybytheParliament,aimsatprotectingchildrenfromthepossibledangersexistinginthedigitaltimes.(澳大利亚已通过一项法律，禁止16岁以下未成年人使用社交媒体平台。该法律迅速获得议会通过，旨在保护儿童免受数字时代可能存在的危险。)”可知，文章主要讲述了澳大利亚通过了一项禁止16岁以下未成年人使用社交媒体的法律，旨在保护儿童免受数字时代可能存在的危险。因此，最适合作为文章标题的是D项“ANewLawinAustraliaBanningChildrenfromUsingSocialMedia(澳大利亚通过一项新法律禁止儿童使用社交媒体)”。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeisfullofdisconnectedevents,andmemoryallowsustoconnectthoseeventsandformourstories.Ourmemoriesmakeupwhoweareandhelpustoimaginepossiblefuturescenarios(设想).Howdoweformnewmemories?____16____.Short-TermMemoryFornewinformationtogointolong-termmemory,itmustpassthroughshort-termmemory.Thecontentsofshort-termmemoryareforgottenrapidlyandarelostunlesspracticed.Morepracticemeanspayingmoreattention.Besides,welearnnewknowledgebylinkingittowhatwealreadyunderstand.____17____.PayAttentionAttentionisnecessaryforcreatingamemoryforanything.Werememberwhatwepayattentionto.____18____.Wetendtopayattentiontowhatwefindinteresting,meaningful,new,surprising,andemotional.Nothingfocusesthemindlikesurprise.Forexample,althoughonemaycompletelyenjoyaparticularconversation,thesameconversationasecondtimearoundwouldnotbesointeresting.EmotionalImportanceTheexperienceofemotionstrengthensourmemories.Eventsandinformationthatexcitestrongemotionsalsotendtomattertous.Youwillneverforgetsomeevents,suchasthejoyofthebirthofyourfirstchild,oryourweddingday.____19____.Astimepasses,ourmemorieschangefromstoringthespecificsofwhathappenedtostoringthegeneralmeaningoftheevent.Asthesayinggoes,“Timehealsallwounds.”____20____Stresscanleadtomemorylosses,suchasthecommonexperienceofmentallyblankingduringahigh-pressureexaminationorinterview.Thus,worryingabouthowyouwillperformonatestmaycontributetoalowertestscore.Suchthoughtswilldecreaseyourabilitytolearnnewinformationandgetbackpreviouslylearnedinformation.A.StressCanaffectLearningB.BadfeelingsLimitLearningC.WealwayshavetobuildonwhatweknowD.However,memoriestendtobecomelessvividovertimeE.ThefollowingtipswillhelpyoukeepyourmemorysharpatanyageF.MemorylossesusuallyhappenbecausewewerenotpayingattentionG.Therefore,memoriestendtobecomestrongerwithtimepassingby【答案】16.E17.C18.F19.D20.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了记忆的作用以及形成新记忆的方法，包括短期记忆、注意力、情绪的重要性以及压力对学习的影响等方面的内容。【16题详解】设空位于首段段尾，应是承接上文，并引出下文主题，根据前文“Lifeisfullofdisconnectedevents,andmemoryallowsustoconnectthoseeventsandformourstories.Ourmemoriesmakeupwhoweareandhelpustoimaginepossiblefuturescenarios(设想).Howdoweformnewmemories?(生活中充满了互不相关的事件，而记忆让我们把这些事件联系起来，形成我们的故事。我们的记忆决定了我们是谁，并帮助我们想象未来可能的情景。我们是如何形成新的记忆的？)”并结合下文关于短期记忆、注意力、情绪的重要性以及压力对学习的影响等方面的介绍可知，E项“Thefollowingtipswillhelpyoukeepyourmemorysharpatanyage(下面的建议将帮助你在任何年龄都保持敏锐的记忆力)”符合题意，对前文提问的回答，且引出下文。故选E项。【17题详解】设空位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Besides,welearnnewknowledgebylinkingittowhatwealreadyunderstand.(此外，我们通过将新知识与我们已经理解的知识联系起来来学习新知识)”可知，新知识建立在旧知识的基础上。C项“Wealwayshavetobuildonwhatweknow(我们总是要建立在我们所知道的基础上)”是对前文的进一步说明，符合文意。故选C项。【18题详解】根据前文“Attentionisnecessaryforcreatingamemoryforanything.Werememberwhatwepayattentionto.(注意力对于任何事物的记忆都是必要的。我们会记住我们所关注的东西)”可知，本段主要讲述注意力对记忆的必要性，所以F项“Memorylossesusuallyhappenbecausewewerenotpayingattention(记忆丧失通常是因为我们没有集中注意力)”是对前文的进一步说明，符合本段主题，其中payingattention为同词复现。故选F项。【19题详解】根据前文“Youwillneverforgetsomeevents,suchasthejoyofthebirthofyourfirstchild,oryourweddingday.(你永远不会忘记一些事情，比如你第一个孩子出生的喜悦，或者你的婚礼)”以及后文“Astimepasses,ourmemorieschangefromstoringthespecificsofwhathappenedtostoringthegeneralmeaningoftheevent.(随着时间的推移，我们的记忆会从储存事件的细节转变为储存事件的总体意义)”可知，前文讲述不会忘记一些重要的事，后文提及会忘记细节，由此可知，记忆会随着时间变得模糊，所以D项“However,memoriestendtobecomelessvividovertime(然而，随着时间的推移，记忆往往会变得不那么生动)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出后文。故选D项。【20题详解】设空为本段小标题，根据后文“Stresscanleadtomemorylosses,suchasthecommonexperienceofmentallyblankingduringahigh-pressureexaminationorinterview.Thus,worryingabouthowyouwillperformonatestmaycontributetoalowertestscore.Suchthoughtswilldecreaseyourabilitytolearnnewinformationandgetbackpreviouslylearnedinformation.(压力会导致记忆力丧失，比如在高压力的考试或面试中精神空白的常见经历。因此，担心自己在考试中的表现可能会导致较低的考试分数。这样的想法会降低你学习新信息和回想以前所学信息的能力)”可知，本段主要讲述压力对记忆的影响，所以A项“StressCanaffectLearning(压力会影响学习)”是对本段的概括，符合主题。故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Roseworkedinaclothingfactory.She____21____agiftatdesigningclothes,whichbroughtinmoneyforherbossandwerelovedbyladies.Afterseveralyears,thebossofthefactory,anelderlylady,offeredtomakeher____22____,whichgaveRoseasurprise.Later,whentheladyretired,Rose____23____hershareandbecametheboss.Before____24____thefactory,Rosehadtravelledtoseewhatherrivals(对手)wereproducing.Shehadalwaysstayedatsmallcheap____25____,spendingalittlemoney.Shesaidtoherself:“Everythingistobe____26____!”Now,asa(an)____27____,shefeltsheshouldstayinbetterhotels.Shehadherownidea:seeingsuchhotels,peoplewouldthinkshewas____28____,andtheywouldbuyherclothes.Lastyear,afterattendingafashion____29____inRome,shechoseafancyhoteltostayat.Thenatthehotelshe_____30_____herownfashionshowtoattractcustomers.Beforeleaving,she_____31_____herbill.Shecheckeditcarefullyandthoughteverythingisgoodfor_____32_____.Whenseeingthelastline,_____33_____,shefrowned(皱眉).Itsaid“Paper...Lire(里拉)1,800,”—about75poundsinBritishmoney.Shecouldnotrememberhavingusedanypaperfromthehotel,sosheaskedthecashier.“Thatisforthepaperyour_____34_____iswrittenon.”saidthecashier._____35_____thepuzzledwoman,addedhe,“Everythingistobepaidfor,lady!”“Whetheryouarepoororrich,everyactionyoutakecomesatacost!”thoughtRose.21.A.noticed B.disliked C.accepted D.showed22.A.apartner B.aguide C.adirector D.acustomer23.A.reduced B.donated C.bought D.sold24.A.owning B.organizing C.establishing D.modernizing25.A.shelters B.architectures C.hotels D.apartments26.A.paidfor B.pickedup C.takenaway D.usedup27.A.employee B.boss C.customer D.professor28.A.graceful B.responsible C.creative D.successful29.A.concert B.organization C.style D.show30.A.held B.registered C.watched D.admired31.A.bought B.received C.paid D.gave32.A.success B.growth C.value D.self-improvement33.A.However B.Whatever C.Therefore D.Anyhow34.A.tax B.bill C.income D.price35.A.Thinkingof B.Lookingat C.Pointingto D.Seeingto【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.D30.A31.B32.C33.A34.B35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述Rose在成为服装厂老板后，用最小的成本创造最大价值，并最终从一张贵重的酒店账单中领悟到每一个行为都有代价的道理。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她展示了设计衣服的天赋，这为她的老板带来了收入，并受到女士们的喜爱。A.noticed注意到；B.disliked不喜欢；C.accepted接受；D.showed展示。根据后文“whichbroughtinmoneyforherbossandwerelovedbyladies”可知，她展示了设计衣服的天赋，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几位年后，工厂的老板，一位年长的女士，提出让她成为合伙人,这让Rose很惊讶。A.apartner合伙人，同伴；B.aguide向导；C.adirector导演；D.acustomer顾客。根据下文“Rose___hershareandbecametheboss”可知，提出让她成为合伙人，故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，当她的老板退休时，Rose买下了她的股，并成为老板。A.reduced减少；B.donated捐赠；C.bought购买；D.sold出售。根据下文“becametheboss”可知，Rose买下了她的股份，成为老板，故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拥有工厂之前，Rose曾去看过她的竞争对手在生产什么。A.owning拥有；B.organizing组织；C.establishing建立；D.modernizing使现代化。根据前文“becametheboss”以及下文“Rosehadtravelledtoseewhatherrivals(对手)wereproducing.”可知，在拥有工厂之前，Rose曾去看过她的竞争对手在生产什么。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是住小而便宜的酒店，花很少的钱。A.shelters庇护所；B.architectures建筑；C.hotels酒店；D.apartments公寓。根据下文“asa(an)_____shefeltsheshouldstayinbetterhotels”可知，她总是住小而便宜的酒店，故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对自己说：“一切都是要付费的！”A.paidfor付费；B.pickedup捡起；C.takenaway拿走；D.usedup用完。根据上文“spendingalittlemoney”可是她选择住便宜的酒店是想少花钱，因为一切都要付费，与下文“ “Everythingistobepaidfor,lady!””相呼应。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，作为老板，她觉得自己应该住更好的酒店。A.employee雇员；B.boss老板；C.customer顾客；D.professor教授。根据前文“shehadtravelledtoseewhatherrivalswereproducing”及“shebecametheboss”可知，此处指她成为了老板，她觉得作为老板应该住更好的酒店。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有自己的想法：看着这样的旅馆，别人会认为她很成功，并会购买她的衣服。A.graceful优雅的；B.responsible负责的；C.creative有创造力的；D.successful成功的。根据前文“shefeltsheshouldstayinbetterhotels.”以及下文“theywouldbuyherclothes”可知，她认为别人看到她住在更好的酒店里会认为她成功，会购买她工厂的衣服，故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年参加完在罗马的时装展后，她选择了一家豪华的酒店住下。A.concert音乐会；B.organization组织；C.style风格；D.show展览。根据下文“herownfashionshowtoattractcustomers”及空前“ attendingafashion”可知，她参加的是时装展，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在酒店里，她举办了自己的时装秀以吸引顾客。A.held举行；B.registered注册；C.watched观看；D.admired钦佩。根据后文“toattractcustomers”可知，她举办自己的时装秀以吸引顾客，故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开之前，她收到了账单。A.bought买；B.received收到；C.paid支付；D.gave给。根据上文“shechoseafancyhoteltostayat.Thenatthehotelshe

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herownfashionshowtoattractcustomers.”、后文“Itsaid‘Paper…L