2022年山东省菏泽市高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题

2021-2022学年高二下学期教学质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的、答题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJourneytoAntarcticaDiscovertheAntarctic,whereendlesswhitemountainsrolltothehorizonandmassiveicebergsintothesea.Here,naturalattractions:penguinsalongtheshore,whalesbreakingthewater’ssurface,goingaroundenormousicebergs,walkingalongbeacheswithpenguinsandsealsonice.Travelwithateamofscientistsaboardthestate-of-the-artNationalGeographicExplorer,thefinestexpeditionshipontheseawhichaccommodates148guests:eachroomwithoutsideviews,privatebathroomsandmodernfurnishings.ActivityLevelTravelerscanchooselightormoderateactivitiesthroughoutthetrip.Theyshouldbeingoodhealthandcomfortablewalkingorstandingforextendedperiodsoftime.Dailyactivitiesmayincludevisitstosites,gamedrives,andeasyhikes,withoptionseachdayformorephysicalactivitiessuchashiking,kayaking,orbiking.ServiceLevelTheexpeditionsareledbyaNationalGeographicexpert,anexpeditionteam,ortopguides,andtapintoNationalGeographic’sworldwideresourcestoallowforin-depthexplorationandspecialaccesstosites.Theyarefullyplanned,withsomefreetime.Theshipcarriesupdatedvideoequipmentthatallowsaccesstotheunderwaterworld.Publicareasincludeabar,alibrary,aspa,afitnesscenter,asauna,andaselectionofdiningoptionsthatofferregionallyinspiredcuisineusingfresh,localingredients.Servicesincludeafull-timedoctor,awellnessspecialist,andanInternetcafe.DatesNov.27-Dec.10,2022AccommodationsDoubleSingle$5,000PerPerson$7,500PerPersonSpecialOffers2022Polar:forgroupsoffourormore,20%off;students,20%off.ValidfornewbookingsmadebyOctober31,2022.Call1-888-966-8687fordetails.1.Whatcantouristsdoduringthejourney?A.Swimintheseawithwhales. B.Researchonmassiveicebergs.C.Climbrollinggreenmountains. D.Getclosetolovelypolarcreatures.2.Whatisavailableintermsoftheservice?A.Apart-timedoctorforhealth. B.Wellprepareddishesinlocalrestaurants.C.ProfessionalguidetoAntarcticexploration. D.Specialassistancefortouristsinwheelchairs.3.Howmuchwouldacouplewithachildatjuniorhighschoolpayforthejourney?A.12,500. B.14,000. C.16,000. D.17,500.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了跟随科学家乘坐国家地理探索者号进行南极之旅的相关事项和信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here,naturalattractions:penguinsalongtheshore,whalesbreakingthewater’ssurface,goingaroundenormousicebergs,walkingalongbeacheswithpenguinsandsealsonice.(这里有无数的自然景观：沿海岸的企鹅，冲破水面的鲸鱼，绕行巨大的冰山，与企鹅和海豹在冰上沿着海滩散步)”可知，游客在旅途中可以亲近可爱的极地生物。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ServiceLevel部分中“TheexpeditionsareledbyaNationalGeographicexpert,anexpeditionteam,ortopguides,andtapintoNationalGeographic’sworldwideresourcestoallowforin-depthexplorationandspecialaccesstosites.(考察队由国家地理杂志的专家、考察队或顶级向导带领，利用国家地理杂志的全球资源进行深入探索和特殊访问)”可知，在南极探险服务方面，有专家提供专业指导。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Accommodations部分“Double$5,000PerPersonSingle$7,500PerPerson(两人每人5000美元单人每人7500美元)”和SpecialOffers部分中“students,20%off(学生，20%折扣)”可知，两个大人需要5000×2=10000美元；一个学生需要7500×(1-20%)=6000美元。合计16,000美元。故选C项。BYes,studycomeshardtoyou,mydearEnrico,asyourmothersays.IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.Youarestillstubborn.Butlisten;reflectalittle!Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!Attheendofaweekyouwouldbegwithtearsthatyoumightreturnthere,foryouwouldbeeatenupwithboredomandshame;disgustedwithyoursportsandwithyourexistence.Everybody,everybodystudiesnow,mychild.Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday;thinkofthewomen,ofthegirls,ofthepeople,whogotoschoolonSunday,afterhavingworkedalltheweek;ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind,butwhostudy,nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho,atnearlythisprecisehour,aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.Beholdthemwithyourimagination,alone,incouples,ingroups,inlonglines,allwiththeirbooksundertheirarms,dressedinathousandways,speakingathousandtongues,fromthemostremoteschoolsinRussiaalmostlostintheicetothefurthermostschoolsofArabia,shadedbypalm-trees,millionsandmillions,allgoingtolearnthesamethings,inahundredvariedforms.Imaginethisvast,vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces,thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart,andthink,ifthismovementweretocease,humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism(野蛮);thismovementistheprogress,thehope,thegloryoftheworld.Courage,then,littlesoldieroftheimmense(庞大的)army.Yourbooksareyourarms,yourclassisyoursquadron(中队),thefieldofbattleisthewholeearth,andthevictoryishumancivilization.Benotacowardlysoldier,myEnrico.4.WhatdoweknowaboutEnrico?A.Hedislikessports. B.Heisgoodatself-reflection.C.Hefeelsashamedofhimself. D.Heisunwillingtogotoschool.5.Whydoesthefathermentionsomanypeopleinparagraph2?A.Topresentafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept. C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Tosupportanargument.6.What’sthefundamentaltuneofthetext?A.Annoying. B.Inspiring. C.Worrying. D.Relaxing.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexpressafather’scomplaints. B.Tostresstheimportanceofeducation.C.TopersuadeEnricotovaluehisstudy. D.Topromotetheparent-childrelationship.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章摘自世界名著《爱的教育》，是Enrico父母写给不愿意去上学的Enrico的信，让他珍惜学习的机会。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.(我还没有看到你像我所希望的那样意志坚定，带着微笑去学校)”可知，Enrico不愿意去上学。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。第二段首句“Everybody,everybodystudiesnow,mychild.(每个人，现在每个人都在学习，我的孩子)”指出每个人都在学习，下文“Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday;thinkofthewomen,ofthegirls,ofthepeople,whogotoschoolonSunday,afterhavingworkedalltheweek;ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind,butwhostudy,nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho,atnearlythisprecisehour,aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.(想想工人们辛苦劳作一天后，晚上还去学校学习；想想妇女和普通百姓家的女孩们，她们劳动了一周，星期日还去上学；想想那些士兵，他们筋疲力尽地从操练场上回来，还照样看书做作业；想想那些说不了话、双目失明的孩子，他们却也仍在学习。想想世界各地数不尽数的孩子们，就在这一时刻，也正在赶往学校的路上)”通过提到不同的人都在学习来支持上文的观点。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“Courage,then,littlesoldieroftheimmense(庞大的)army.(那么，鼓足勇气吧，这支大军中的小战士)”及“Benotacowardlysoldier,myEnrico.(不要做胆怯的士兵，我的Enrico)”可知，文章是鼓励不愿意去上学的Enrico，全文是鼓舞人心的基调。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!(如果你不到学校里去，你每天要怎样地悲惨啊)”及第二段中“Imaginethisvast,vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces,thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart,andthink,ifthismovementweretocease,humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism(野蛮);thismovementistheprogress,thehope,thegloryoftheworld.(想象一下这个由上百个种族的孩子组成的庞大的群体，这个浩浩荡荡的行动大军，而你也是其中的一员；想一想，如果这个行动停止了，人类将会退回到野蛮的状态。这个行动是世界的进步、希望和荣耀)”可知，本文是父母写给不愿意去上学的Enrico信，目的是说服Enrico珍惜自己的学习。故选C项。CAtPhoenixBikes,anon-profitbicycleshopandeducationalcenter,studentsarelearningtheirABCs.Thatstandsfortheair,brakes,andchainofbasicbikemechanics.PhoenixBikessellsbikestothepublicattheirbusinessinArlington,Virginia.Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.MoststudentsatPhoenixstartinitsafter-school“earn-a-bikeprogram”,atmiddleandhighschoolsinandaroundArlingtonCounty.Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.Inthefirstweeks,theyworkinsmallgroupstorepairabikedonatedtotheshop.Thebikesoftenhavemissingordamagedparts.Thefinishedbikeisthengiventoapersoninneedfromthecommunity.PhoenixBikesdirectorEmilyGagesaidtheshoppartnerswithseverallocalorganizationstodonatethebikes.Somebikeshavebeengoingtothepoorinthearea.Inthelastfourweeksoftheprogram,studentscometotheshoptoworkononeofthedonatedbikeswhichtheycanthentakehomeatnocost.Somestudentswhofinishthe12-weekprogramgoontoahigher-levelbikemechanicsclass.Someracebikesfortheshop’sracingteam.Andothersstaytovolunteeratthestoreandfixmorebikestogiveaway.Jimenez-Galindosaidhehopestoreturntotheshoptofixbikesforthecommunityandcontinuetolearn.Whatishisfavoritepartoftheexperience?Justthejoy,thesatisfactionthatIgetafterit’sdone.Thatnowit’sfullycomplete,andit’sactuallyabikeinsteadofwhatwasahusk(空架)ofone."8.Whatdoesthe“earn-a-bikeprogram”aimtodo?A.Tomakeprofitsfortheshop. B.Totrainstudentsforgettingjobs.C.Togiveawaybikestopeopleinneed. D.Toattractstudentstolearnrepairskills.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strip”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Takeapart. B.Fittogether. C.Fixup. D.Testout.10.WhydoesJimenez-Galindohopetoreturntotheshop?A.Torepairbikesforthecommunity. B.Tojointheshop’sracingteam.C.Tofinishthe12-weekprogram. D.Togetthesenseofsatisfaction.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PhoenixBikes,asecond-handbikeshop. B.PhoenixBikes,anunusualbikeshop.C.PhoenixBikes,ahomeforbikelovers. D.PhoenixBikes,agreatplacetofixbikes.【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非营利自行车店和教育中心PhoenixBikes开展“自行车赚钱计划”，不仅教会青少年如何修理自行车，还把修理好的自行车捐给需要的人。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.(但它也教会青少年如何修理自行车)”和第二段中的“MoststudentsatPhoenixstartinitsafter-school“earn-a-bikeprogram”,atmiddleandhighschoolsinandaroundArlingtonCounty.Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.(在Phoenix的大多数学生在阿灵顿县及其周边地区的中学和高中开始了它的课外“自行车赚钱计划”。在12周的时间里，学生每周学习一次修理技能。第一课是拆卸自行车。通过这样做，他们学习了自行车的所有部件)”可知，“自行车赚钱计划”的目标是吸引学生学习自行车维修技能。故选D项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.(在12周的时间里，学生每周学习一次修理技能。第一课是strip自行车。通过这样做，他们学习了自行车的所有部件)”可知，要学习自行车修理技能，应该先认清自行车的所有部件，那只有把自行车拆开才能了解每个部件，strip在此处意为“拆开（Takeapart）”。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Jimenez-Galindosaidhehopestoreturntotheshoptofixbikesforthecommunityandcontinuetolearn.(Jimenez-Galindo说，他希望回到商店为社区修理自行车，并继续学习)”可知，Jimenez-Galindo希望回到店里，是因为他想为社区修理自行车。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“AtPhoenixBikes,anon-profitbicycleshopandeducationalcenter,studentsarelearningtheirABCs.(在非营利自行车店和教育中心PhoenixBikes，学生们正在学习ABCs)”，第一段中的“Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.(但它也教会青少年如何修理自行车)”和第三段中的“PhoenixBikesdirectorEmilyGagesaidtheshoppartnerswithseverallocalorganizationstodonatethebikes.(PhoenixBikes总监艾米丽·盖奇说，该店与多家当地组织合作捐赠自行车)”可知，文章讲述了非营利自行车店和教育中心PhoenixBikes开展“自行车赚钱计划”，不仅教会青少年如何修理自行车，还把修理好的自行车捐给需要的人，经济效益与社会效益并举，这家自行车店与其它自行车店不一样，B项“PhoenixBikes，一个不寻常的自行车店”符合文意。故选B项。DInMay,2022,AmandaBaughan,agraduatestudentspecializinginhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofWashington,presentedfindingsfromarecentresearchthatexploredhowsocialmediacausewhatpsychologistscall“dissociation”,orastateofreducedself-reflectionandnarrowedattention.Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.Forinstance,youcouldbedoingthedishes,startdaydreamingandnotpayattentiontohowyouaredoingthedishes.Oryoumightseekimmersiveexperiences—watchingamovie,readingabookorplayingagamethatpassthetimeandcauseyoutoforgetwhereyouare.Dissociationcanbeapositivething,especiallyifit’sanabsorbingexperience,meaningfulactivityoraneededbreak.Butitcancomeinconflictwithpeople’stimemanagementgoals,aswithsocialmediascrolling.Researchsuggestssocialmediadesignsmakeuslosetrackoftimespentonthem,andthenwefeelupsetwithourselves.Lesssleep,lowerlifesatisfactionandpoorself-esteemarejustafewofthenegativementalhealthconsequences.AmandaBaughansaid,“TikTokhasafunctionthat,everyhour,willtellyouthatyou’vebeenscrollingforawhileandshouldconsiderabreak.OnTwitter,suchfunctionalreadyexists;it’sjustnotthedefaultoption.Ifmorepeoplestartusingthesetools,itcouldconvincethesecompaniestoimprovethem.Asamanusingsocialmedianow,don’tpileabunchofshameontoyoursocialmediahabits;afterall,thousandsofpeopleareemployedtomakeyouscrollyourthumbonthatscreenandkeepyoudoingwhatyou’redoing.Let’sshifttheresponsibilityofdesigningsafeandpleasantexperiencesfromuserstothecompanies.”12.Whatdoestheresearchmainlyfocuson?A.Themethodsofriddingpeopleofscreens.B.Theprocessofpeople’saddictiontosocialmedia.C.Theconsequencecausedbysocialmediascrolling.D.Thefuturedevelopmentofhuman-computerinteraction.13.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyanexampleofdissociation?A.LilychatswithtwocustomersviaWeChatatthesametime.B.Abbylistenstoradioprogramsforhalfanhoureveryevening.C.AndrewabsorbedinreadingHarryPotterforgetsheishavinglunch.D.Lindarecallssportsmovementsshelearnedtheotherdaybutinvain.14.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto“dissociation”?A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Positive. D.Cautious.15.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Thecompaniesshouldimprovesocialmediadesigns.B.Thecompaniescanprovidepleasantexperiencesforusers.C.Theuserscansensedissociationbyusingsocialmedia.D.Theusersshouldwiselymakeuseofsocialmediatools.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究社交媒体刷屏造成后果的研究，该研究探索了社交媒体如何导致心理学家所说的“分离”，或一种自我反思减少和注意力缩小的状态，且说明了“分离”的优缺点。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“InMay,2022,AmandaBaughan,agraduatestudentspecializinginhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofWashington,presentedfindingsfromarecentresearchthatexploredhowsocialmediacausewhatpsychologistscall“dissociation”,orastateofreducedself-reflectionandnarrowedattention.(2022年5月，华盛顿大学人机交互专业的研究生AmandaBaughan展示了最近一项研究的发现，该研究探索了社交媒体如何导致心理学家所说的“分离”，或一种自我反思减少和注意力缩小的状态)”可知，研究的重点是社交媒体刷屏造成的后果。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.Forinstance,youcouldbedoingthedishes,startdaydreamingandnotpayattentiontohowyouaredoingthedishes.(分离是一种以多种形式出现的心理过程。在最常见的日常分离中，你的思维太过专注，以至于与你的行为脱节。例如，你可能正在洗碗，开始做白日梦，而没有注意到你是如何洗碗的)”可知，C选项“安德鲁专心阅读《哈利波特》，忘记他正在吃午饭”属于分离的例子。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.(分离是一种以多种形式出现的心理过程。在最常见的日常分离中，你的思维太过专注，以至于与你的行为脱节)”以及第三段中“Dissociationcanbeapositivething,especiallyifit’sanabsorbingexperience,meaningfulactivityoraneededbreak.(分离可以是一件积极的事情，特别是如果它是一种吸收经验、有意义的活动或必要的休息)”可知，作者既描述了“分离”的优点，也描述了其缺点，由此可推知，作者对“分离”的态度是客观的。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“AmandaBaughansaid,“TikTokhasafunctionthat,everyhour,willtellyouthatyou’vebeenscrollingforawhileandshouldconsiderabreak.OnTwitter,suchfunctionalreadyexists;it’sjustnotthedefaultoption.Ifmorepeoplestartusingthesetools,itcouldconvincethesecompaniestoimprovethem.(AmandaBaughan说：“TikTok有一个功能，每小时都会告诉你，你已经滚动了一段时间，应该考虑休息一下。在Twitter上，这样的功能已经存在；这不是默认选项。如果更多的人开始使用这些工具，就能说服这些公司改进它们)”可推知，作者在最后一段似乎传达的信息是这些公司应该改进社交媒体设计。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ArecentstudyinthejournalMarineEcologyProgressSerieshasagreatinfluencewhenitcomestothequestionofhowsharkswillinteractwithhumansasclimatechangecontinuestoworsen.Itpredictsaworldwherehumansandsharkswillencountermoreoftenthanthepresentcase.Contrarytopopularmediadescriptionsthatspeakillofsharks,humanswillnotbeinthatmuchtroublewhenthishappens.____16____,inwhichmillionsofinnocentsharksarethebiglosersduetohumanactivitybeyondtheircontrol.First,let’sexplorewhysharksandhumanswillprobablyberunningintoeachother’sworldmoreoften.Onereasonisthefieldofurbanecologyand,specifically,howdifferentspeciesrespondwhentheycomeacrosshumans.____17____;thinkofraccoons(浣熊)thatsearchforfoodfromrubbishandpigeons(鸽子)thatstayonstatuesinmajorcitiesallovertheplanet.Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection;____18____Theresearchersinitiallybelievedthatsharkswouldalsobeurbanavoiders.____19____.Scientistslearnedthatspaceusepatternsoftrackedsharkswereconsistentwiththatofurbanadapters.____20____.Thereality,however,isthathumanshavedrivensharkstotheedgeofextinctionwhilesharkattacksonpeopleremainquiterare.Humansarenotsharks’preferredprey(猎物),andthelikelihoodofincreasedhuman-sharkinteractionscausesfarmoreofathreattosharksthantohumans.A.Surprisingly,that’snotthecaseBItwillinsteadbeaheartbreakingtragedyC.HumanshavealonglastingfearagainstsharksD.Therefore,theythinkthesharkswon’tgettooclosetousELargeanimalslikewolvesandmountainlionsfallintothiscategoryF.TigersandlionsaresodangerousthatwekeepthemawayfromourcitiesG.Ifaspeciesthinksitsmemberscangetalongjustgreatwithus,theyareknownasurbanadapters【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.A20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为什么随着气候变化继续恶化，鲨鱼和人类可能会更频繁地闯入对方的世界。【16题详解】B选项“相反，这将是一场令人心碎的悲剧”与上文“Contrarytopopularmediadescriptionsthatspeakillofsharks,humanswillnotbeinthatmuchtroublewhenthishappens.(与大众媒体描述的鲨鱼坏话相反，当这种情况发生时，人类不会有那么多麻烦)”形成转折关系，讲述与上文相反的情况，引出下文“inwhichmillionsofinnocentsharksarethebiglosersduetohumanactivitybeyondtheircontrol(由于人类活动超出其控制范围，数百万无辜鲨鱼成为最大的输家)”鲨鱼将面临的悲惨境地。故选B项。【17题详解】G选项“如果一个物种认为它的成员可以与我们相处得很好，那么它们被称为城市适应者”承接上文“Onereasonisthefieldofurbanecologyand,specifically,howdifferentspeciesrespondwhentheycomeacrosshumans.(一个原因是城市生态学领域，特别是不同物种遇到人类时的反应)”讲某个物种遇到人类的可能反应，G选项中“urbanadapters(城市适应者)”对应下文“Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection(另一方面，有城市回避者，或出于自我保护而避开大城市的动物)”中的“urbanavoiders(城市回避者)”。故选G项。【18题详解】E选项“像狼和山狮这样的大型动物属于这一类”承接上文“Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection(另一方面，有城市回避者，或出于自我保护而避开大城市的动物)”具体举例狼和山狮，说明避开大城市的城市回避型动物。故选E项。【19题详解】A选项“令人惊讶的是，事实并非如此”与上文“Theresearchersinitiallybelievedthatsharkswouldalsobeurbanavoiders.(研究人员最初认为鲨鱼也会成为城市回避者)”形成转折关系，表明鲨鱼并非城市回避者，引出下文“Scientistslearnedthatspaceusepatternsoftrackedsharkswereconsistentwiththatofurbanadapters.(科学家们了解到，被追踪鲨鱼的空间使用模式与城市适应者的一致)”讲明鲨鱼其实是城市适应者。故选A项。【20题详解】C选项“人类对鲨鱼有着持久的恐惧”与下文“Thereality,however,isthathumanshavedrivensharkstotheedgeofextinctionwhilesharkattacksonpeopleremainquiterare.Humansarenotsharks’preferredprey(猎物),andthelikelihoodofincreasedhuman-sharkinteractionscausesfarmoreofathreattosharksthantohumans.(然而，现实是，人类已经将鲨鱼逼到了灭绝的边缘，而鲨鱼袭击人类的事件仍然相当罕见。人类不是鲨鱼的首选猎物，人与鲨鱼互动增加的可能性对鲨鱼的威胁远大于对人类的威胁)”形成转折关系，表明人类虽害怕鲨鱼，但对鲨鱼造成威胁的反而是人类，突出一种强烈的对比感。故选C项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afterfinishinghighschoolandbeforegoingontofurthereducationortheworldofwork,therewillbeabreakoverthesummer.Usingthisbreakwiselycanbevery____21____.Solet’stakealookatsomesummerbreak____22____.WorkingTheworldofworkcanfeelmorestressfulthanschool,butitdefinitelyhasits____23____.Somepeopleworkduringtheirbreaktogetvaluableworkexperience.Findinga____24____workinacompanywill____25____yousomegreatexperience,andyoumayevenbeabletoreturntothecompanyinthefuture.VolunteeringBeingavolunteerusually____26____doingimportantworkintheserviceofothers.Volunteeringisoftenquitechallenging,butit’sanextremelyworthwhileexperienceto____27____society.Trytovolunteerinafieldthatyouareinterestedin,asthismayhelpyour____28____career.TravellingTravellingwillbuildyourconfidenceandincreaseyour____29____.Butwhyistravelsoimportant?Forcenturies,famouswritersandthinkershavewrittenabouttheimportanceoftravel.Travel____30____greatstories,photos,andfriends.Italsogivesyouafresh____31____onwhereyouarefrom.Althoughitdoescostmoney,itisanexperiencewhichbuildsyour____32____andgivesyoutimetothinkanddevelop.Thesummerbreakshouldbeseenasa(n)____33____partofyoureducation.Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife,and,most____34____,yourself,anditcouldpossibly____35____greatchangesinyourlife.21.A.beneficial B.urgent C.difficult D.complex22.A.trends B.methods C.options D.events23.A.rewards B.features C.results D.activities24.A.permanent B.temporary C.easy D.moderate25.A.equip B.share C.maintain D.gain26.A.means B.considers C.permits D.risks27.A.givebackto B.reactto C.escapefrom D.keepoff28.A.splendid B.present C.future D.humble29.A.pressure B.knowledge C.resolution D.difficulty30.A.sticksto B.turnsto C.leadsto D.switchesto31.A.course B.motive C.beginning D.perspective32.A.character B.fame C.appearance D.freedom33.A.developed B.devoted C.addicted D.extended34.A.frequently B.fortunately C.importantly D.incredibly35.A.undergo B.cause C.demand D.prevent【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，明智地利用高中毕业后的暑假有极大的好处，文章主要讲述了这期间可以做的事情，包括工作、做志愿者和旅行。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：明智地利用这段休息时间是非常有益的。A.beneficial有益的；B.urgent紧急的；C.difficult困难的；D.complex复杂的。根据下文内容及最后一段中“Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife(你可以了解这个世界，成年人的生活)”可知，好好利用高中毕业后的暑假是非常有益的。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以让我们来看看一些暑假的选择。A.trends趋势；B.methods方法；C.options选择；D.events事件，赛事。由下文Working、Volunteering和Travelling可知，这些是暑假期间可以选择做的事情，故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：职场可能比学校更有压力，但它肯定有它的回报。A.rewards奖励，回报；B.features特点；C.results结果；D.activities活动。根据转折词but及下一句“Somepeopleworkduringtheirbreaktogetvaluableworkexperience.(有些人在他们的休息时间工作来获得宝贵的工作经验)”可知，职场虽然比学校更有压力，但是也有回报。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一家公司找一份临时工作可以让你获得很多经验，甚至将来你还能回到那家公司工作。A.permanent永久的；B.temporary临时的；C.easy容易的；D.moderate普通的，中等的。根据语境及下文“andyoumayevenbeabletoreturntothecompanyinthefuture”可知，暑假期间应是找临时工作。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一家公司找一份临时工作可以让你获得很多经验，甚至将来你还能回到那家公司工作。A.equip配备，装备；B.share分享；C.maintain维持，保持；D.gain获得，赢得。根据上文的“…getvaluableworkexperience”可知，此处gain和get同义，指“获得工作经验”。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成为一名志愿者通常意味着为他人做重要的服务工作。A.means意味着；B.considers考虑；C.permits批准，许可；D.risks冒险。空后是解释志愿者的含义，mean符合语境。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：志愿服务往往是相当具有挑战性的，但它是一个回馈社会非常值得的经历。A.givebackto回馈，归还；B.reactto对……有反应；C.escapefrom从……逃跑；D.keepoff（使）不接近。结合上文“doingimportantworkintheserviceofothers”及语境可知，做志愿者是为别人服务，所以是回馈社会非常有价值的经历。故选A项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尝试在你感兴趣的领域做志愿者，因为这可能对你未来的职业生涯有帮助。A.splendid壮丽的；B.present目前的，现存的；C.future将来的；D.humble谦虚的。本文是讲述高中毕业后的暑假活动，所以此处指“对未来的职业有帮助”，故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：旅行会建立你的信心，增加你的知识。A.pressure压力；B.knowledge知识；C.resolution决议，决心；D.difficulty困难。结合语境和常识可知，旅行会让人增长见识。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：旅行会带来精彩的故事、照片和朋友。A.sticksto坚持；B.turnsto转向，求助于；C.leadsto导致（某种结果），引起；D.switchesto切换到，转到。根据语境及下一句“Italsogivesyou…”可知，此处指旅行会带来精彩的故事、照片和朋友，空后表示结果。故选C项。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也会让你以一个全新的视角审视自己从何处来。A.course课程；B.motive动机；C.beginning开始，开端；D.perspective视角，观点。结合语境可知，旅行会让人了解其他各地，从而对自己的家乡有更深的理解，可以从一个全新的视角理解家乡。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然它需要花钱，但它是一种塑造你的性格，给你时间去思考和发展的经历。A.character性格；B.fame名誉；C.appearance外表；D.freedom自由。结合语境和常识可知，旅行是一种经历，可以塑造人的性格，故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暑假应该被看作是你教育的延伸部分。A.developed发达的；B.devoted热衷的，忠诚的；C.addicted上瘾的；D.extended扩展的，延长的。根据下一句“Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife(你可以了解这个世界，成年人的生活)”可知，暑假可以让人学到知识，所以是教育的延伸部分，故选D项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你可以了解这个世界，成年人的生活，最重要的是，你自己，它可能会给你的生活带来巨大的变化。A.frequently频繁地，经常；B.fortunately幸运地；C.importantly重要地；D.incredibly难以置信地。mostimportantly更重要的是，固定短语。此处指不仅了解这个世界，更重要的是让你了解自己。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以了解这个世界，成年人的生活，最重要的是，你自己，它可能会给你的生活带来巨大的变化。A.undergo经历；B.cause造成，引起；C.demand强烈要求，需要；D.prevent阻止。结合上文可知，暑假可以让人了解世界和成年人的生活和自己，可能会引起生活的巨大变化，故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据句中汉语提示写出相应单词的正确形式。36.OurgoalistodisplaytheChinese________(艺术的)geniusfromancienttimes.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】artistic【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天才。形容词artistic(艺术的)作定语，修饰名词genius。故填artistic。37.Iget________(使恢复精力)throughclimbingandgettomeetnewfriends.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】refreshed【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：爬山让我精神抖擞，结识新朋友。根据中文提示“使恢复精力”以及上文Iget可知，此处填refreshed作表语。故填refreshed。38.Withthese________(运动)ineffect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanandsustainablefuture.（根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】campaigns【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：随着这些行动的实施，中国的水道正在走向清洁和可持续的未来。根据汉语提示可知，campaign运动，名词，符合题意；由空前these可知，空处名词需用复数作宾语。故填campaigns。39.Iwas________(热心的)abouttheideaofgoingalongwiththem.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】enthusiastic【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对和他们一起去的想法很热心。形容词enthusiastic(热心的)作表语。故填enthusiastic。40.Haikuhasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables________(分别).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】respectively【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：俳句有三行的格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。副词respectively(分别)作状语，修饰动词contain。故填respectively。41.Shehadan________(预约)topainthernails,andthenshewentintoanexpensiveclothesshop.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】appointment【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：她约好要涂指甲，然后她走进一家高档服装店。根据汉语提示可知，appointment预约，名词，符合题意；由空前an可知，空处名词需用单数。故填appointment。42.Thekangaroohasawide________(分布)throughoutAustralia.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】distribution【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意袋鼠在澳大利亚分布广泛。根据中文提示“分布”上文awide可知，此处需填名词distribution作宾语。故填distribution。43.MerchantsfromChinaandmanyotherpl