2022年辽宁省大连市高二下学期期末考试英语试题

大连市2021~2022学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABEIING-AheadofChina’sYouthDay,PresidentXiJinpingwrotebacktoayouthteamworkingonspacestationconstruction,encouragingthemtocontributemoretotheexplorationofspaceandadvancespacescienceandtechnologythroughinnovation.ThefollowingaresomehighlightsofXi’sremarksonspaceexploration.Nov.6,2018Inacongratulatorylettertothethe12thChinaInternationalAviation（航空）andAerospaceExhibition,XisaidtheexhibitiondemonstratedChina’sgreatachievementinspaceexplorationsandexpressedhisbeliefthattheexhibitionwouldgreatlyboostthedevelopmentofglobalaerospacetechnologyandpromoteinternationalexchangesandcooperation.May15,2021InacongratulatorymessageonthesuccessfullandingofChina’sfirstprobeonMars,Tianwen-1,Xisaid,“ThelandingleftaChinesemarkonMarsforthefirsttime.ItisanotherlandmarkprogressinChina’sspaceindustrydevelopment.”Sept.16,2021InacongratulatorylettertotheFirstInternationalSummitonBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)Applications,XisaidChinaiswillingtosharetheachievementsoftheBDSwithallsidesandmaketheBDSbetterservetheworldandbenefithumankind.April12,2022WheninspectingtheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite,Xispokehighlyofaseriesofkeyspacemissionslaunchedfromthesite,includingthelaunchingofthespacestationcoremoduleTianhe,theChang’e-5lunarmission,andtheTianwen-1Marsprobe.Heextendedgreetingstoallthestaffstationedatthesiteandaskedthemtoshouldertheirresponsibilityandmakenewbreakthroughs.1.HowshouldspacescienceandtechnologybeadvancedaccordingtoPresidentXi?AByworkinghard. B.Byinnovating.C.Throughcooperation. D.Throughexploration.2.WhendidXioffercongratulationsonChina’sfirstlandingonMars?A.OnNov6,2018. B.OnMay15,2021.C.OnSept16,2021. D.OnApril12,2022.3.WhatmessagedoallXi’sremarkshaveincommon?A.Spaceexplorationneedsglobalcooperation.B.Outerspaceisthecommonwealthofhumanity.C.ChinaattainsgreatsuccessinspaceexplorationD.Greatachievementsshouldbesharedglobally.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了习主席发表关于太空探索的讲话。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“encouragingthemtocontributemoretotheexplorationofspaceandadvancespacescienceandtechnologythroughinnovation.(他鼓励他们为太空探索做出更多贡献，以创新推动太空科技进步。)”可知，习主席强调的是以创新推进航天科技发展。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“InacongratulatorymessageonthesuccessfullandingofChina’sfirstprobeonMars,Tianwen-1.(在中国首个火星探测器“天文学家一号”成功着陆的贺电中。)”可知，是在2021年5月15日，习主席祝贺中国首次登陆火星。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“exhibitiondemonstratedChina’sgreatachievementinspaceexplorationsandexpressedhisbeliefthattheexhibitionwouldgreatlyboostthedevelopmentofglobalaerospacetechnologyandpromoteinternationalexchangesandcooperation.(展览展示了中国在航天探索方面取得的巨大成就，并表示相信该展览将有力地推动全球航天技术的发展，促进国际交流与合作。)”；根据第四段中“ItisanotherlandmarkprogressinChina’sspaceindustrydevelopment.(这是中国航天事业发展的又一里程碑式的进步。)”；以及第五段中“ChinaiswillingtosharetheachievementsoftheBDSwithallsidesandmaketheBDSbetterservetheworldandbenefithumankind(中方愿与各方分享北斗系统建设成果，推动北斗系统更好服务世界、造福人类)”以及最后一段中“Xispokehighlyofaseriesofkeyspacemissionslaunchedfromthesite,includingthelaunchingofthespacestationcoremoduleTianhe,theChang’e-5lunarmission,andtheTianwen-1Marsprobe.(习主席高度评价了空间站核心舱“天河”、“嫦娥五号”探月任务、“天文一号”火星探测器等一系列重大航天任务。)”可知，习主席所有的讲话都肯定了中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成功。故选C。BTherewasastrangestillness.Wherehadthebirdsgone?Iwasaspringwithoutbirdvoices.Onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoods...RachelCarsonwasascientist,buttheselinesfromher1962bookSilnSpringshowhertalentaswriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtowarnthescientificcommunityandthegeneralpublicofthedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems-inparticular,oftheharmfuluseofpesticides（杀虫剂）,suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausinghamtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies,whichprovessomeprogirammesdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.Andthe50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssources,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.Carson’smessagehascausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness:theuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofgreenmovementintheWesternworld.SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.Thoughsupportedbymostscientists,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.TheysaidCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebecauseshewasamarinebiologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.ThesewereattemptstodamageCarson’sreputationandstopherworkfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremaineddeterminedtostandbyherresearch.Personally,IenjoyedCarson’sbook.Today,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.4.WhydidCarsondescribeaworldwithoutbirds?A.Tocreateapoeticatmosphere.B.ToshowCarson’stalentasawriter.C.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.D.Toarousereaders’interestinscience.5.WhatdoweknowaboutCarson?A.Sheisacommittedscientist. B.Sheisanuninfluentialbiologist.C.Sheisawell-recognizedchemist. D.Sheisaproductivewriter.6.WhatwasthepossiblereasonwhyCarson’sbookbecameatargetforcritics?A.Shecouldn’tcontrolheremotion. B.Shewentagainstscience.C.Shelackedscientificspirit. D.Shethreatenedtheirprofit.7.Whatisthetext?A.Abookreview. B.Anewsjournal.C.Aresearcharticle. D.Apersonalprofile.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以《寂静的春天》这本书的内容，展开全文。讲述了雷切尔·卡森通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtowarnthescientificcommunityandthegeneralpublicofthedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems-inparticular,oftheharmfuluseofpesticides（杀虫剂）,suchasDDT.(通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂，如DDT。)”可知，卡森描述了一个没有鸟类的世界目的是在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，提升公众的环保意识。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Andthe50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssources,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.(书的最后50多页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家是多么细致和精确。)”可知，她是一名敬业的科学家。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Carson’smessagehascausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness:theuseofDDTwasbanned.(卡森信息引起了环境意识的极大提高：DDT的使用被禁止)”根据倒数第二段中“Thoughsupportedbymostscientists,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.(尽管这本书得到了大多数科学家的支持，但它很快成为了农药行业批评人士的靶子。)可知，她的书之所以被农药行业人士批评，是因为影响了农药产品的销售即她威胁到了农药行业的利益。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Therewasastrangestillness.Wherehadthebirdsgone?Iwasaspringwithoutbirdvoices.Onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoods...(周围是一种奇怪的寂静。鸟儿到哪里去了？我是没有鸟鸣的春天。只有寂静笼罩着田野和树林……)”可知，文章以《寂静的春天》这本书的内容，展开全文。同时根据下文，文章主要讲述了雷切尔·卡森通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂，如DDT。根据文章最后一段“Personally,IenjoyedCarson’sbook.Today,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.(就我个人而言，我很喜欢卡森的书。《寂静的春天》出版50多年后的今天，《寂静的春天》的声音依然响亮而清晰。)”可知，文章结尾处，作者向读者们推荐该书。故整篇文章应该出自于一本书评。CItshouldn’tcomeasnewstoanyonethattheplanetissufferingaclimateemergency.Andthefashionindustrycertainlyplaysitspartinthis.In2020,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)calculatedthatthefashionindustryproducestenpercentofannualglobalcarbondioxideemissionandisestimatedtousearound1.5trillionlitresofwatereveryyear.Theindustry’senvironmentalimpactisgreatlyworsenedbyfastfashionwhichreleaseshundredsofnewstyleseveryweek,leadingtooverproductionandoverconsumption.Buthowdowesolvethisissue?Oneanswerliesinthenewgenerationofmade-to-orderbrandsmakingtheirwayintothemainstream.Thesebrandsmakeclothesonlyasandwhenthey’reordered.It’safarmoresustainableapproach,andbecausethere’snooverproduction,lessunwantedstock（库存）endsupinlandfills.Italsopromotesaslowerfashionmodel,withpiecestakingbetweenthreeweeksandthreemonthstoarriveoncepurchased.Itsfocusisoncreatingspecial,well-madepiecesforconsumerstotreasureforyearstocome.MaisonCléoissuchaclothingcompany,takinglimitedorderseachweekwhicharethenhandmadeanddeliveredinapproximatelythreeweeks.Anditadvocatesforfairandreasonablepricing.Thusitattractsloyalcustomerbaseswiththeirsocialandenvironmentalresponsibility,perfectcraftsmanshipandevergreenstyles.Withmade-to-orderbrandsrapidlygrowinginpopularity,itbegsthequestion-couldthisbethestartofanew,environmentallyresponsibleera?Ihopeso.Withoverproductionandoverconsumptionfuelingarealclimatecrisis,themade-to-orderclothingcouldbethefutureoffashionourplanetbadlyneeds.8Whichistheproblemwithfastfashion?A.Itslowseconomicgrowth.B.Itpolluteswaterresources.C.Itresultsinoverpopulation.D.Itcausesoverconsumption.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheproductsofmade-to-orderbrands?A.Theypromisehighquality. B.Theyaredeliveredfast.C.Theyendupinlandfills. D.Theyareproducedinquantity.10.Whydoestheauthormention“MaisonCléo”inparagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Topresentanexample.C.Tolistafact. D.Togiveanexception.11.Whatisthesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.ClimateCrisisandFastFashionB.TheDevelopmentofMade-To-OrderBrandsC.CouldMade-To-OrderbetheFutureofFashion?D.HowtoReduceCarbonDioxideEmissions?【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了快时尚导致气候变化，也是造成环境恶化因素之一。为解决该问题，文章提出了一个新的方法——定制品牌。由此可以避免生产过剩，减少浪费。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theindustry’senvironmentalimpactisgreatlyworsenedbyfastfashionwhichreleaseshundredsofnewstyleseveryweek,leadingtooverproductionandoverconsumption.(快时尚行业对环境的影响大大恶化，每周发布数百种新款式，导致生产过剩和过度消费。)”可知，快时尚导致的是生产过剩和过度消费。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Itsfocusisoncreatingspecial,well-madepiecesforconsumerstotreasureforyearstocome.(它的重点是为消费者创造特殊的、制作精良的产品，让他们在未来几年珍惜。)”可知，定制的品牌产品高质量。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“MaisonCléoissuchaclothingcompany,takinglimitedorderseachweekwhicharethenhandmadeanddeliveredinapproximatelythreeweeks.Anditadvocatesforfairandreasonablepricing.Thusitattractsloyalcustomerbaseswiththeirsocialandenvironmentalresponsibility,perfectcraftsmanshipandevergreenstyles.(MaisonCléo就是这样一家服装公司，每周接受有限的订单，然后手工制作，大约三周内交货。它提倡公平合理的定价。因此，它以其对社会和环境的责任感、完美的工艺和常青的风格吸引了忠实的客户群体。)”可知，整段以MaisonCléo公司为例，阐述了定制品牌产品的好处。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Withoverproductionandoverconsumptionfuelingarealclimatecrisis,themade-to-orderclothingcouldbethefutureoffashionourplanetbadlyneeds.(随着生产过剩和消费过度加剧了一场真正的气候危机，定制服装可能是我们这个星球急需的未来时尚。)”以及全文内容可知，文章探讨了随着生产过剩和消费过度所导致气候危机的加剧，定制服装可能是我们解决气候危机的重要措施。故文章的最好标题C选项“订制会成为时尚的未来吗?”符合题意。故选C。DMarianaBechtelisn’texactlysomeonewhoavoidsstress.Throughouther,shehaspursuedhigh-pressuremanagementjobs:“I’mhardcore,”saysthe44-yearoldwifeandmotheroftwo.“Iwantedtobeontopatwork,andIwantedtobeagreatmom”–onewhocouldattendbaseballgames,driveandhelpwithhomeworkevenafteranhour-longcommute（通勤）onworkdays,moreoftenthannot,witha5a.m.marathon-trainingrun.However,aftermonthsoflosingsleep,droppingweightandfeelingpushedtolosehermind,MarianaBechteldecidedshehadtoaddressherstress-andturnittoheradvantage.Thenewjobsherecentlyswitchedtostillhasitsshareofpressure,butwithmoresupportfromherbossandmoreflexibilityinherschedule,shesaysshefeelsgreat.Contrarytopopularbelief,stressdoesn’thavetobeasoul-sucking,health-damagingforce.Butfewpeopleknowhowtotransformtheirstressintothepositivekindthathelpsthemreachtheirgoals.Arecentresearchconfirmsthatgainingcontroloverjobdemands,doingworkwithmeaningandpurposeandenjoyingsupportandencouragementfromco-workersarealllinkedtobeneficialstress.Simplychangingattitudesandexpectationsaboutstress-throughcoaching,trainingorpeer-supportgroups-canalsodeveloptheconstructivekindofstress.“Stressisparadoxical,”saysAliaCrum,aresearchscholar.“Ononehand,itcanbethethingthathurtsusmost.Ontheother,it’sfundamentaltopsychologicalandphysicalgrowth.Theattitudethatweviewandapproachstresswillshifttheoutcome.”12.WhatisMarianaBechtel’snewjoblike?A.Itishealth-damaging.BItisphysicallydemanding.C.Ithaslittlestress.D.Ithasflexibleworktime.13.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthestoryofMarianaBechtel?A.Stresscanbeturnedbeneficial.B.Toomuchstressisharmfultohealth.C.It’shardtobalanceworkandfamily.D.Everyjobhasitsownadvantage.14.Howcanwemakestresstoouradvantageaccordingtotherecentresearch?A.Byrefusingtheboss’sdemandsB.Bytakingupameaningfuljob.C.Bysupportingco-workers.DBystickingtoourattitudetostress.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?A.Stresshasfar-reachingeffects. B.Stresshasseveraldisadvantages.C.Stresshastwooppositefeatures. D.Stressisnotnecessaryatall.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了一项新的研究发现。即在控制工作要求、从事有意义的工作以及享受同事的支持和鼓励环境中，压力会转化为积极的动力，帮助人们实现目标【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thenewjobsherecentlyswitchedtostillhasitsshareofpressure,butwithmoresupportfromherbossandmoreflexibilityinherschedule,shesaysshefeelsgreat.(她最近换的新工作仍然有压力，但有了老板更多的支持和更灵活的工作时间，她说她感觉很好。)”可知，最近的新工作仍然有压力，但是有了更多灵活的工作时间。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butfewpeopleknowhowtotransformtheirstressintothepositivekindthathelpsthemreachtheirgoals.(但是很少有人知道如何把他们的压力转化为积极的动力，从而帮助他们实现目标。)”可知，通过列举MarianaBechtel的例子，作者是为了说明压力可以变成积极的动力，从而帮助人们成功。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Arecentresearchconfirmsthatgainingcontroloverjobdemands,doingworkwithmeaningandpurposeandenjoyingsupportandencouragementfromco-workersarealllinkedtobeneficialstress.(最近的一项研究证实，控制工作要求、有意义和目的地工作、享受同事的支持和鼓励都与有益的压力有关。)”可知，通过从事一份有意义的工作，能够让压力激发我们的优势。故选B。【15题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文的“Ononehand,itcanbethethingthathurtsusmost.Ontheother,it’sfundamentaltopsychologicalandphysicalgrowth.(一方面，它可能是最伤害我们的事情。另一方面，它是心理和身体成长的基础。)”可知，压力一方面对我们有害，另一方面又是我们心理和身体成长的基础即对我们有利。故压力有两个相反的特征。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Likespaceexploration,deepseaexplorationrequiresnewinstrumentsandtechnology.Theoceandepthsarecoldanddarkandareunderhighpressure.____16____FindingtheBottomInthe8thcentury,leadweightswhichwereattachedtoropesaredroppedtomeasurewaterdepth.Beginninginthe19thcentury,researchersusedwireratherthanropetotakesoundingmeasurements.Inthemodernera,acoustic(声学的)depthmeasurementdevicesarewidelyused.____17____.HumanExplorationOncepeopleknewwheretheseafloorwas,____18____Sciencehasprogressedwaybeyondthedivingbell,ahugebottlecontainingairthatcouldbeloweredintothewater.ThefirstsubmarinewasbuiltbyCorneliusDrebbelin1623.Thefirstunderwaterbreathingdevicewasinventedin1865.In1964,Alvinwastested.AlvinwasbuiltbyGeneralMillsandoperatedbytheUSNavy.Alvinallowedthreepeopletoremainunderwaterforaslongasninehoursandasdeepas14,800feet.Modernsubmarinescantravelasdeepas20,000feet.RoboticExplorationWhilehumanshavevisitedthebottomoftheMarianaTrench,____19____.Furtherexplorationreliesonmodernroboticsystems.Remotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)arecontrolledbyresearchersonaship.ROVstypicallycarrycameras,manipulator(操作)arms,sonarequipment,andsamplecontainers.Autonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)operatewithouthumancontrol.____20____.Somevehicles,suchastheNereus,actaseitheraROVorAUV.A.ButdivingdeepneverendsB.HumansarecuriousabouttheseaC.theyhavemadealotofdiscoveriesD.theywantedtovisitandexamineitE.thetripsonlyallowedlimitedexplorationF.Basically,theyproducealoudsoundandlistenforechoestomeasuredistanceG.Theygeneratemaps,measuretemperatureandchemicals,andtakephotographs【答案】16.A17.F18.D19.E20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人类对深海的探索从未停止过，人类利用了各种方式来探测深海的底部有多深。【16题详解】根据前文“Theoceandepthsarecoldanddarkandareunderhighpressure.(海洋深处又冷又黑，承受着高压)”以及后文“Inthe8thcentury,leadweightswhichwereattachedtoropesaredroppedtomeasurewaterdepth.(在8世纪，人们放下绑在绳子上的铅锤来测量水深)”以及后文“Sciencehasprogressedwaybeyondthedivingbell,ahugebottlecontainingairthatcouldbeloweredintothewater.(科学的进步远远超过了潜水钟，潜水钟是一个巨大的瓶子，里面装着可以放入水中的空气)”可知，尽管深海又黑又冷，但是人类一直在尝试各种方式来去探测深海，因此选项A“Butdivingdeepneverends(但是深海潜水永无止境)”与前文构成转折关系，同时引起下文，符合语意。故选A项。【17题详解】根据前文“Beginninginthe19thcentury,researchersusedwireratherthanropetotakesoundingmeasurements.Inthemodernera,acoustic(声学的)depthmeasurementdevicesarewidelyused.(从19世纪开始，研究人员使用钢丝而不是绳索进行测深测量。在现代，声学深度测量装置得到了广泛的应用)”可知，研究者们通过测量声音来判断海底的深度，选项F中的“aloudsound”与前文的“takesoundingmeasurements”相对应，F选项“Basically,theyproducealoudsoundandlistenforechoestomeasuredistance(基本上，它们会发出很大的声音，然后听回声来测量距离)”符合语意,they指代上文的acousticdepthmeasurementdevices。故选F项。【18题详解】根据后文的“ThefirstsubmarinewasbuiltbyCorneliusDrebbelin1623.Thefirstunderwaterbreathingdevicewasinventedin1865.In1964,Alvinwastested.AlvinwasbuiltbyGeneralMillsandoperatedbytheUSNavy.Alvinallowedthreepeopletoremainunderwaterforaslongasninehoursandasdeepas14,800feet.Modernsubmarinescantravelasdeepas20,000feet.(第一艘潜艇由科尼利厄斯·德雷贝尔于1623年建造。第一个水下呼吸装置于1865年发明。1964年，阿尔文接受了测试。阿尔文由通用磨坊建造，由美国海军运营。阿尔文允许三人在水下停留长达九个小时，深度达14800英尺。现代潜艇可以航行到20000英尺深)”可知，人们发明和创造了很多东西来帮助自己去探索深海，因此可知人们对于深海是充满了兴趣和好奇的，一旦确定深海在哪，他们一定去看看深海是怎么样的。故选项D“theywantedtovisitandexamineit(他们就想去参观考察)”引起下文内容，符合语意。故选D项。【19题详解】根据后文“Furtherexplorationreliesonmodernroboticsystems.(进一步的探索依赖于现代的机器人系统)”可知，人类探索的能力有限，更进一步的探索需要借助现代的机器人系统，故选项E“thetripsonlyallowedlimitedexploration(但这些旅程只能进行有限的勘探)”说明了人类探索的局限性，同时引出下文借助机器人系统来探索的重要性。故选E项。【20题详解】根据前文“Remotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)arecontrolledbyresearchersonaship.ROVstypicallycarrycameras,manipulator(操作)arms,sonarequipment,andsamplecontainers.Autonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)operatewithouthumancontrol.(遥控飞行器由船上的研究人员控制。ROV通常携带摄像机、机械臂、声纳设备和样本容器。自动水下机器人在没有人类控制的情况下运行)”以及后文“Somevehicles,suchastheNereus,actaseitheraROVorAUV.(有些工具，如Nereus，可以作为ROV或AUV)”可知，这些远程操控的机器有携带摄像机、机械臂、声纳设备和样本容器等能够实现诸如拍照等多种功能，故选项G“Theygeneratemaps,measuretemperatureandchemicals,andtakephotographs(他们绘制地图，测量温度和化学物质，并拍摄照片)”符合语意。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Look,Carolyn!”Toddcriedout____21____Hiswife,Carolyn,whowasbeingservedbythebreakfastrobot,lookedupatthescreen.Theheadlinesread,“Another____22____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed”.“Oh,don’tworry,”Carolynlaughedquietly.That’sodfacility.Plus,Iknowtheyweren’twell____23____,”sheadded.“Thatplaceisn’tas____24____asours.”“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____25____couldcausealotofproblems,”Todd____26____.“Don’tworrytoomuch,”shegrabbedherbagandrushedintoheraircar,notknowingshehadleftheremergencycalldeviceonthetable.Whenshearrivedattheprison,everythingwas____27____inorder.Butjustassheclosedherofficedoorbehindher,aloud____28____sounded.Carolyn’sblood____29____.Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.Ageneralsystem____30____!Shelookedoutofherofficewindowintotheprisonbelow.Sureenough,therobotswereoutof____31____Mosthadstoppedmoving.Somecircledaimlessly.Someprisonerswerereadytorushouttofreedom.Carolynopenedherbagandreachedforher____32____calldevice.Herheartsankassherealizedshehadleftitathome.Withoutthedevice,nothingintheprisonwouldwork____33____now.Thenthedoor____34____.Andtherewas...Todd!Hepushedtheemergencycalldevicedirectlyintoherhands.Tearswellingupinhereyes,Carolynexclaimed,“Thankgoodness.I’llhaveto____35____thecomputerandupgradethesystemassoonaspossible.”21.A.insecret B.inpain C.injoy D.inshock22.A.robot B.prison C.fire D.war23.A.maintained B.rebuilt C.decorated D.polished24.A.precious B.delicate C.violent D.advanced25.A.blank B.shift C.error D.step26.A.approved B.warned C.confirmed D.admitted27.A.apparently B.frequently C.constantly D.ultimately28.A.voice B.laughter C.alarm D.weapon29.A.bombed B.froze C.dropped D.flowed30.A.circumstance B.breakthrough C.wound D.failure31.A.use B.question C.control D.breath32.A.urgent B.emergency C.mobile D.immediate33.A.automatically B.barely C.properly D.fluently34.A.burstopen B.shutoff C.brokedown D.turnedover35.A.close B.replace C.destroy D.reset【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是由于机器人出现失控，导致一起越狱事情的发生。在现场，当Carolyn急忙找寻紧急呼救设备的时候，她的丈夫Todd突然出现，及时地弥补了越狱事件发生带来的后果。【21题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：托德震惊地喊道。A.insecret秘密地；B.inpain痛苦地；C.injoy愉快地；D.inshock震惊地。根据后文“Another____2____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed.”可知，屏幕出现的标题让托德震惊到。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：又一起越狱事件；错误的机器人为此负责。A.robot机器人；B.prison监狱；C.fire火；D.war战争。根据后文的“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____5____couldcausealotofproblems,”可知，是一起越狱事件的发生。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：A.maintained维护；B.rebuilt建造；C.decorated装修；D.polished打磨，擦亮。根据前文“That’soddfacility.”可知，这些及其没有受到较好的维护。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个地方不像我们这里那么先进。A.precious珍贵的；B.delicate精致的；C.violent暴力的；D.advanced先进的。根据前文的“Another____2____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed”可知，又一起因为机器人失职而造成的越狱事件发生，故那个地方不像我们这里那么先进。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但报告说，即使是在像你这样的最高安全级别的监狱，一个小错误也可能导致很多问题。A.blank空白；B.shift转移；C.error错误；D.step台阶。根据后文的“causealotofproblems”可知，导致问题的是错误。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：托德警告到。A.approved赞同；B.warned警告；C.confirmed证实；D.admitted承认。根据前文中“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____5____couldcausealotofproblems.”可知，是托德警告的内容。故选B。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她到达监狱时，一切显然都井然有序。A.apparently明显地；B.frequently频繁地；C.constantly持续地，不断地；D.ultimately最终地。根据后文的“inorder”可知，很明显，一切都井然有序。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在她关上办公室的门时，一声响亮的警报响起了。A.voice嗓音；B.laughter笑声；C.alarm警报；D.weapon武器。根据后文的“Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.”可知，只有在演练的时候听到过这种声音，即警报的声音。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡洛琳的怔住了。A.bombed爆炸；B.froze冻住；C.dropped掉落；D.flowed漂流。根据后文的“Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.”可知，此处表示的是她非常的害怕。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通用系统失效了。A.circumstance情况；B.breakthrough突破；C.wound伤口；D.failure失败。根据后文的“Sureenough,therobotswereoutof____11____.”可知，机器人失效了，故整个通用系统失效了。故选D.【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从办公室的窗户向下面的监狱望去。果然，机器人失去了控制。A.use使用；B.question问题；C.control控制；D.breath呼吸。根据后文的“Mosthadstoppedmoving.Somecircledaimlessly.”可知，是机器人失控了。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡洛琳打开包，伸手去拿她的紧急呼叫装置。A.urgent急切的；B.emergency紧急的；C.mobile移动的；D.immediate立即的。根据前文的“notknowingshehadleftheremergencycalldeviceonthetable.”可知卡洛琳没有带紧急呼叫装置。故选B。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有那个装置，现在监狱里的一切都不能正常工作了。A.automatically自动地；B.barely几乎不；C.properly恰当地，正常地；D.fluently流利地。根据前文“Withoutthedevice,nothingintheprisonwouldwork”可知，没有该设备，一切都无法正常运转。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：门突然开了。A.burstopen突然开了；B.shutoff关闭；C.brokedown出故障；D.turnover翻转。根据后文“Andtherewas...Todd!”可知，门突然开了，托德出现了。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得尽快重置电脑，升级系统。A.close关闭；B.replace代替；C.destroy毁灭；D.reset重新设置。根据后文的“upgradethesystemassoonaspossible”可知是重新设置电脑，才能系统尽快的升级。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。98-yuandomesticplaneticketsarebeingadvertisedbyChineseonlinetravelplatformLY.COM.Whilesuchalowpricesounds____36____(amaze),thereisjustonecatch:thepurchaserisnottold____37____theflightisheading,norwhenitwilltakeoff.Labeledasa“destinationblindbox”onthesite,tickets____38____(purchase)througharatherconvenientbookingprocedure,inwhichpassengersprovidetheirtravelinformation,selectadepartureairportandthenpaytheir98yuan.Iftherandomly____39____(choose)dateanddestinationareunsuitable,usersmayaskforarefund,____40____oncethey“lockin”theirtickets,thereisnogoingback.Youngpeoplearethebigtargetgroupforthis____41____(promote),becausetheynotonlyenjoytheexcitementof____42____unknown,butalsoliketoshowofftheirlivesthroughcommercial____43____(activity).Forexample,somepeoplesharethescreenshotsofticketstheyhavedrawn.However,someexpertsclaim____44____istooraretodrawaticketthatisideal.“Themarketingcampaignmaybeaimed_____45_____thefastsaleofsometicketsfromlesspopularairlinesthatwereoriginallynotthatexpensive.Iftheysellalargequantityoftickets,thecompanymaystillearnaprofiteventhoughthepriceis98yuan,”anexpertintourismsuggested.【答案】36.amazing37.where38.arepurchased##arebeingpurchased39.chosen40.but41.promotion42.the43.activities44.it45.at【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在线旅游平台LY.COM正在为98元的国内机票做广告。而年轻人是此次促销活动的对象。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然如此低的价格听起来令人惊讶，但只有一个问题：购买者没有被告知航班将飞往何处，也没有被告知何时起飞。分析句子可知，空处前的sounds是感官系动词，空处应填形容词作表语，且应用修饰物的形容词，即以-ing为结尾的形容词，应用amazing。故填amazing。【37题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：虽然如此低的价格听起来令人惊讶，但只有一个问题：购买者没有被告知航班将飞往何处，也没有被告知何时起飞。分析句子可知，此处考查引导名词性从句的连接词，从句部分缺状语，结合语意可知，此处缺地点状语，应用where来引导名词性从句。故填where。【38题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：该网站上的标签是“目的地盲箱”，通过一个相当方便的预订程序购买机票，乘客提供他们的旅行信息，选择出发机场，然后支付98元。分析句子可知，空处前的tickets是主语，且为复数形式，故空处应填动词作谓语，空处与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态结构，根据句意可知，此处可用一般现在时或现在进行时，因此空处应填动词的一般现在时的被动语态结构或现在进行时的被动语态结构。故填arepurchased或arebeingpurchased。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果随机选择的日期和目的地不合适，用户可能会要求退款，但一旦他们“锁定”了他们的机票，就没有回头路可走了。分析句子可知，are为谓语动词，故空处应填动词的非谓语形式作定语，空处与后文的date及destination之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，意为“被选择的”。故填chosen。【40题详解】考查连词。句意：如果随机选择的日期和目的地不合适，用户可能会要求退款，但一旦他们“锁定”了他们的机票，就没有回头路可走了。分析句子可知，空处前后是句子成分完整的句子，故空处应填连词连接两个分句，根据语意可知，空处前后存在转折关系，应用并列连词but。故填but。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：年轻人是这次促销活动的主要目标群体，因为他们不仅享受未知事物带来的兴奋感，还喜欢通过商业活动来展示自己的生活。分析句子可知，空处前是指示代词this