北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

海淀区高二年级练习英语考生须知1.本试卷共8页，共四部分，60道题，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写学校名称、班级名称、姓名。3.答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：听力理解(共四节，20分)第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohikingwithherfamily.B.Startwritingherpaper.C.Searchformoreinformation.2.Whatisthewoman’sdecision?A.Tosticktohermajor.B.Totakemoreclasses.C.Toprepareformoreexams.3.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Brotherandsister.4.Whydoesthemankeepupwiththetrendonsocialmedia?A.Tobeseenascool.B.Torelievehispressure.C.Togetmorefollowers.第二节(共8小题;每小题1分，共8分)听下面4段对话。每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。5.Whydoesthemangotothestudio?A.Tovisitaprofessionalmusician.B.Toavoiddisturbinghisneighbours.C.Tomeethisteacher’srequirements.6.Howdoesthemanensureenoughpractice?A.Bytakingmusiccourses.B.Bypracticingtheviolinallday.C.Bymakingtimebetweenschoolwork.听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。7.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetotheman?A.Narrowingdownthetopic.B.Writingtheessayonhisown.C.Findingmoreupdatedinformation.8.HowdoesthemanfeelafterhetriedAIwriting?A.Concerned.B.Disappointed.C.Inspired.听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。9.Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A.Helpingotherswiththeirstudies.B.Readingfictionandwritingprograms.C.Workingonpuzzlesandstudyingphysics.10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoafterlandingawell-paidjob?A.Totakehisparentsonaworldtrip.B.Tosavemoneyforfurthereducation.C.Tohelphisparentsrealizetheirdreams.听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。11.WhatsurprisedthemanaboutJason’slecture?A.Varioushumouroustopics.B.Theseriousnessofitscontent.C.Jason’sfocusonchildhoodmemories.12.HowdoesJasonbringhappinesstopeoplethroughhiscomedy?A.Bysharinghappymomentsindailylife.B.Byturninghispainintosomethingpositive.C.Byremindingpeopleoftheirownexperiences.第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoBecomeCreativeTrysomethingnew●Readbooksoutsideyour13●Talktopeoplewithdifferentideas●Don’tbeafraidof14Cooperatewithothers●15,buildoneachother’sideas,anddon’tbeafraidtoquestionassumptionsBe16●Keeppushing,improvingandtesting●Maketimetoreflect,letyourbrainbreathe,andvalueoriginalideas第四节(共2小题;每小题2分，共4分)听下面一段独白，回答第17至18小题。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听三遍。17.Whatdidthespeakerdotoprepareforthespeech?18.Pleaselisttwobenefitsofstudyingphilosophy.第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Rudy,mydog,is13(95dogyears).I____1____thathewon’tmakeittohis14thbirthday.Thedayhedieswillbepainful,forRudyandIhaveaspecial____2____.Istillrememberthedaywemetthedog.Whileallhissiblingsstayedclosetotheirmother,oneskinnypuppywasleftunattended.Believinginourabundanceofloveto____3____,Idecidedtobringhimhome,althoughmywifeandkidsallhadtheireyeonanotherlivelypuppy.Thedogremindedmeofthemoviehero,whoondeterminationalonewilledhiswayontohisidealfootballteam:Rudy.Sowe____4____himthat.Thepasttwoyearshavebeen____5____forRudy.Heiscompletelydeafandblind.Buttruetohisnamesake,hisheartisstrong,withnosignofaheartdiseasethatoftenburdenshisbreed(品种)asthey____6____.Hebarksafterdusk,whenhetendstobecomemoredisoriented(迷路的).Ourvetsuggestedsomeonehughimeverynightbeforebedtime,asafamiliarscentandtouchwouldhelpreorienthim.____7____,thisritualfelltomeasIspentthemosttimewithhim.AfterdinnermydogandIoftensittogether.Iplaysongswithhimbesideme,hopingthesesongswon’tbeimpossibletoenjoywhenheisgone.Strangely,this____8____hascalmedmeasmuchasithascalmedRudy,remindingmewhetherlifeislongorshort,allanyonepossessesisthe____9____,andallthatmattersiswhatisdoneinit.Inthatpreciousmoment,heissimplybathedinlove.Forme,it’sareminderthatthesecretoflifeisthechoosingtogiveandreceivelove,ineverymoment.Rudyneededmemorewhenhewasyoung,butaswebothgrowold,weneedeachother____10____.1.A.claim B.fear C.regret D.promise2.A.connection B.deal C.secret D.mission3.A.return B.seek C.keep D.give4.A.taught B.offered C.named D.showed5.A.tough B.pleasant C.important D.unfair6.A.age B.play C.sleep D.change7.A.Hopefully B.Naturally C.Surprisingly D.Interestingly8.A.suggestion B.cooperation C.routine D.reaction9.A.future B.growth C.youth D.present10.A.firmly B.occasionally C.equally D.eventually【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者与他家的狗——鲁迪之间的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心他熬不过14岁生日了。A.claim声称；B.fear担心；C.regret后悔；D.promise承诺。根据上文的句子“Rudy,mydog,is13(95dogyears).(鲁迪，我的狗，13岁(狗龄95岁))”和下文的“Thedayhedieswillbepainful”可知，鲁迪的年龄已经很大了，所以作者担心他熬不过14岁生日。故选B项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他死的那天会很痛苦，因为鲁迪和我有特殊的关系。A.connection关系，联系；B.deal交易；C.secret秘密；D.mission使命。根据上文的“Thedayhedieswillbepainful”下文的“Idecidedtobringhimhome,althoughmywifeandkidsallhadtheireyeonanotherlivelypuppy”可知，作者与鲁迪有着特殊的关系。故选A项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的妻子和孩子们都看中了另一只活泼的小狗，但我相信我们有足够的爱可以给予，所以我决定把它带回家。A.return回来；B.seek寻找；C.keep保持；D.give给予。根据上文的句子“Istillrememberthedaywemetthedog.Whileallhissiblingsstayedclosetotheirmother,oneskinnypuppywasleftunattended.(我还记得我们遇见狗的那天。当他所有的兄弟姐妹都待在妈妈身边时，一只瘦骨嶙峋的小狗无人照料)”可知，作者想把爱给这只无人照料的小狗。故选D项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们给他起了这个名字。A.taught教授；B.offered提供；C.named命名；D.showed显示。根据上文的句子“Thedogremindedmeofthemoviehero,whoondeterminationalonewilledhiswayontohisidealfootballteam:Rudy.(这只狗让我想起了电影中的英雄，他凭借自己的决心进入了他理想的足球队：鲁迪)”可知，作者给小狗取名为鲁迪。故选C项。5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去两年对鲁迪来说很艰难。A.tough艰难的；B.pleasant令人愉快的；C.important重要的；D.unfair不公平的。根据下文的句子“Heiscompletelydeafandblind.(他完全聋和瞎了)”可知，因为鲁迪完全聋了并且瞎了，所以过去的两年对鲁迪来说很艰难。故选A项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但正如他的名字一样，他的心脏很强壮，没有任何心脏病的迹象，而随着年龄的增长，心脏病经常会给他这个品种带来负担。A.age变老；B.play玩；C.sleep睡觉；D.change改变。根据上文的“aheartdiseasethatoftenburdenshisbreed”和常识可知，变老的时候心脏病可能给这个品种的狗带来负担。故选A项。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然，这个仪式落在了我身上，因为我和他在一起的时间最多。A.Hopefully有希望地；B.Naturally自然地；C.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D.Interestingly有趣地。根据下文的“asIspentthemosttimewithhim”可知，因为作者和鲁迪在一起的时间最多，每晚睡觉前拥抱他的事自然就由作者来做。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这个惯例让我和鲁迪一样平静下来，提醒我无论生命是长是短，每个人拥有的都是现在，重要的是在这段时间里做了什么。A.suggestion建议；B.cooperation合作；C.routine常规，惯例；D.reaction反应。根据上文的句子“AfterdinnermydogandIoftensittogether.Iplaysongswithhimbesideme,hopingthesesongswon’tbeimpossibletoenjoywhenheisgone.(晚饭后，我的狗和我常常坐在一起。我在他旁边播放歌曲，希望当他不在时，这些歌曲不会无法欣赏)”可知，此处指的是作者和鲁迪经常一起做的事，即惯例。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这个惯例让我和鲁迪一样平静下来，提醒我无论生命是长是短，每个人拥有的都是现在，重要的是在这段时间里做了什么。A.future未来；B.growth生长；C.youth青少年时期；D.present现在。根据上文的“whetherlifeislongorshort”和下文的“Inthatpreciousmoment,heissimplybathedinlove.”可知，此处作者强调的是现在。故选D项。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲁迪年轻的时候更需要我，但随着年龄的增长，我们同样需要对方。A.firmly坚决地；B.occasionally偶尔；C.equally同样地；D.eventually最终。根据前文“Rudyneededmemorewhenhewasyoung,butaswebothgrowold”可知，此处指的是鲁迪年轻的时候更需要我，但年龄增长后我们同样相互需要。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BythetimeSullivancompletedherdegree,shehadbeenreadyforherfirstteachingjob.Herpassionforeducationwas____11____madeheranaturalfitfortheprofession.Whileshewasorganizingherlessonplans,shereflectedonhowmuchshe____12____(learn)duringherstudies.Sheknewteachingwasnotjustaboutgivingknowledge,butaboutinspiringotherstolearn.Eachstudentwasdifferentwithuniquestrengthsandsheaimedtodiscovertheirpotential.Shebelievedthat____13____patienceandcreativity,teacherscouldgivestudentstheconfidencetosucceedintheirstudies.【答案】11.what12.hadlearnt##hadlearned13.with【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙利文对于教学工作的热情和看法。【11题详解】考查表语从句。句意：她对教育的热情使她天生适合这个职业。此处引导表语从句，从句中“made”缺少主语，结合语境，此处表示“她对教育的热情是使她自然适合这个职业的东西”，所以用连接代词“what”引导表语从句并在从句中作主语。故填what。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当她在组织课程计划时，她在思考她在学习中学到了多少。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及动词“reflected”可知，“学习”这个动作发生在“反思”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”，“learn”的过去分词是“learned/learnt”。故填hadlearnt/learned。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：她相信，只要有耐心和创造力，老师就能给学生信心，让他们在学业上取得成功。此处表示“有了耐心和创造力”，介词“with”表示“具有，带有”，符合语境。故填with。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Beinggoodatchoosingtheattractivecontentsonlinedoesn’tnecessarilymeanyoucaneasilybecomeasocialmediacontenteditor.Infact,itwilltakemorethanthattolandajobinthisarea.Abachelor’sormaster’sdegreeininformationscienceordigitalmedia____14____(need).Additionally,mostemployerswillwantyoutohaveworkexperienceinoneoftheseareas.Luckily,gainingexperiencemaybe____15____(easy)thanyouthink.Youcanofferyourservicesforfreetoasmallbusiness.____16____(launch)yoursocialmediaplatformwillalsohelpyouacquireexperience.【答案】14.isneeded##willbeneeded15.easier16.Launching【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成为一名社交媒体内容编辑所需的东西。【14题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：需要信息科学或数字媒体专业的学士或硕士学位。此处为谓语动词的填入，句子主语“Abachelor’sormaster’sdegreeininformationscienceordigitalmedia”（信息科学或数字媒体专业的学士或硕士学位）与谓语动词“need”（需要）之间是被动关系，即学位是被需要的，且句子描述的是一般情况或者一般将来的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态或者将来时的被动语态结构。故填isneeded/willbeneeded。【15题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：幸运的是，积累经验可能比你想象的要容易。根据句意以及空后than可知，此处为形容词比较级形式。故填easier。【16题详解】考查动名词。句意：启动你的社交媒体平台也会帮助你获得经验。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词“willhelp”，“launch”在这里作主语，用动名词形式，“launch”的动名词是“Launching”。故填Launching。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Humorisconsideredoneofthemostpowerfultoolsinhumaninteraction.Whenpeoplelaughtogether,itbreaksdown____17____(barrier)andcreatesconnectionsthatmightotherwiseneverform.Moreover,asauniversallanguage,humorgoesbeyondculturalandlinguisticdifferences,____18____allowsindividualstoconnectonadeeperlevel.Anewstudy____19____(show)thathumornotonlyimprovesmentalhealthbutalsostrengthenssocialbonds.Itissaidthatlaughteristhebestmedicine.Thatiswhyhumorcanmakeeventhemoststressfulsituationsseemlighterwhen____20____(use)effectively.【答案】17.barriers18.which19.shows/##hasshown20.used【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幽默被认为是人际交往中最有力的工具之一。【17题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：当人们一起笑时，它打破了障碍，创造了可能永远不会形成的联系。“barrier”是可数名词，根据语境“itbreaksdown____1____(barrier)”，此处表示打破多种障碍，应用复数形式“barriers”。故填barriers。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，作为一种通用语言，幽默超越了文化和语言的差异，它可以让个人在更深层次上联系起来。分析句子可，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词which引导。故填which。【19题详解】考查动词时态。句意：一项新的研究表明，幽默不仅能改善心理健康，还能加强社会联系。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据从句动词improves和strengthens可知，此处应为一般现在时，也可为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响，主语Anewstudy为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。。故填shows/hasshown。【20题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这就是为什么幽默如果运用得当，即使是最紧张的情况也会显得轻松一些。根据句子“Thatiswhyhumorcanmakeeventhemoststressfulsituationsseemlighterwhen____4____(use)effectively.”，可知此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略用法，“when”引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语“humor”和be动词“is”，“humor”与“use”之间是被动关系，即“humorisused”，所以用过去分词“used”。故填used。第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，34分)第一节(共12小题;每小题2分，共24分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAsastudent,Ispentmanydaysandnightsstandingonaforestedslopeintherain.Ilovedtheoutdoors,anditwasmorelikeplaythanwork.IwasthrilledwhenIcouldconnectwhatIsawtowhatIread.MyideasseemedtoflowlikethestreamIwastryingtounderstand.WhenIstartedmyfirstteachingposition,Inolongerhadthefreedomtofocuspurelyonresearchorthinkdeeplyaboutanygiventopic.Iwasconsumedbypressingmanagementdemandsandmycreativestreamnarrowed.Adecadelater,ImovedtoanewuniversityandwasabletoreturntothetopicIstudiedformyPh.D.research.IfoundthatifIcouldbeinthemomentwithmystudentsandactasasoundingboardfornewideas—andnotbedistractedbymymid-careerresponsibilities—thenIcouldplayapartintheircreativethoughtprocess.Creativitycreptbackintomyworklife,butIhadn’tyetfoundawaytostimulatemyowndeepthinking.AnotherdecadehadpassedbeforeIlearnedhowtogetmyowncreativestreamflowingagain.Afteracceptingapositioninmyhometown,IhadafewmonthsbetweenjobswhenIwasasfreeasabird.Andthat’swhenmyfirstrealpost-Ph.D.eurekamoment(顿悟)struck,whileIwasatagymwatchingtherainfallontoalawnoutside.IwasabletovisualizesimilarprocessesthatIhadbeentryingtounderstand.ButitwasevenmorethrillingbecauseitwasatypeofthoughtthatIworriedhadpermanentlydriedup.ItwasclearthatIneededtoslowdownandexperiencetherainmoreoften!Inthisnewjob,Itriedtoheed(留心)thisenlightenment.Imadeapointtothinkandwritealittlebitathomeeachmorning,inaroomoverlookingthelargeriver.Afterthat,I’dcycletoworkalongthebanks,whichhelpedmeprocessthoseideasandremembermydailygoalofbeingcurious.FundrovewhatIworkedon.Andsoonenough,Ihadnewideastobringtothetable.Inowencouragemystudentstodisconnectandtaketimeouttothink,toplay,tohavefunwiththeirresearch.Andtomakethesethingsapermanenthabitintheirlives.Ialsotellthemtopayattentiontotheconditionsandplacesthatfostertheircuriosityandabilitytothinkdeeply.Byopenlydiscussingcreativity,Ihopewecanhelpthenextgenerationofscientistsavoidlosingitalongtheway,asIdid.21.Whatsituationdidtheauthorfindhimselfinwhenhestartedthefirstteachingposition?A.Helostinterestinhisresearch. B.Hecouldn’tthinkclearlyanymore.C.Hewasnotascreativeasbefore. D.Hewasheavilydemandedbystudents.22.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthorafterhemovedtoanewuniversity?A.HehelpedstudentswiththeirPh.D.research.B.Hediscoveredanewtopicforhismid-career.C.Hebegantotakeonmorecareerresponsibilities.D.Heengagedhimselfinstudents’thinkingprocess.23.Howdidtheauthorfeelduringhisfreetimeinhishometown?A.Energeticandproud. B.Inspiredandrefreshed.C.Thrilledandsupported. D.Curiousandadventurous.24.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?A.Eastorwest,homeisthebest.B.Smallstreamsmakegreatrivers.C.Creativityisthemotherofinvention.D.AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在读博士时，很有创造力，但是开始第一份教学工作时，作者的创造力干涸了，在经过一段时间的探索，作者又重新找回了创造力。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“WhenIstartedmyfirstteachingposition,Inolongerhadthefreedomtofocuspurelyonresearchorthinkdeeplyaboutanygiventopic.Iwasconsumedbypressingmanagementdemandsandmycreativestreamnarrowed.(当我开始我的第一个教学职位时，我不再有纯粹专注于研究或深入思考任何给定主题的自由。我被紧迫的管理要求所消耗，我的创意流也变窄了。)”可知，当作者开始第一份教学工作时，他被紧迫的管理需求所占据，不再有自由纯粹地专注于研究或深入思考任何特定话题，他的创作灵感也变窄了，即他不像以前那样有创造力了。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Adecadelater,ImovedtoanewuniversityandwasabletoreturntothetopicIstudiedformyPh.D.research.IfoundthatifIcouldbeinthemomentwithmystudentsandactasasoundingboardfornewideas—andnotbedistractedbymymid-careerresponsibilities—thenIcouldplayapartintheircreativethoughtprocess.(十年后，我去了一所新的大学，又回到了我的博士研究课题。我发现，如果我能和我的学生们在一起，充当新想法的传声筒，而不被我的中期职业责任分散注意力，那么我就能在他们的创造性思维过程中发挥作用。)”可知，作者搬到新大学后，能够回到他博士研究的课题上，并且发现如果他能和学生在一起，作为新想法的倾听者，不被职业生涯中期的责任分散注意力，他就能参与到学生的创造性思维过程中。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Afteracceptingapositioninmyhometown,IhadafewmonthsbetweenjobswhenIwasasfreeasabird.Andthat’swhenmyfirstrealpost-Ph.D.eurekamoment(顿悟)struck,whileIwasatagymwatchingtherainfallontoalawnoutside.IwasabletovisualizesimilarprocessesthatIhadbeentryingtounderstand.ButitwasevenmorethrillingbecauseitwasatypeofthoughtthatIworriedhadpermanentlydriedup.ItwasclearthatIneededtoslowdownandexperiencetherainmoreoften!(在接受了家乡的一份工作后，我有几个月的空闲时间。那是我博士毕业后第一次真正的。灵光一现的时刻来了，当时我正在健身房看着雨落在外面的草坪上。我能够想象出我一直试图理解的类似过程。但更令人兴奋的是，我担心这种想法已经永远枯竭了。很明显，我需要慢下来，多体验一下下雨的感觉！)”可知，作者在家乡有几个月的空闲时间，像鸟儿一样自由，并且有了顿悟，能够想象出他一直试图理解的类似过程，而且这种想法让他很激动，因为他曾担心这种思维已经永远枯竭了，他意识到自己需要慢下来，更多地体验这种时刻。所以作者在这段时间感到受到启发且精神振奋。故选B项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Inowencouragemystudentstodisconnectandtaketimeouttothink,toplay,tohavefunwiththeirresearch.Andtomakethesethingsapermanenthabitintheirlives.Ialsotellthemtopayattentiontotheconditionsandplacesthatfostertheircuriosityandabilitytothinkdeeply.Byopenlydiscussingcreativity,Ihopewecanhelpthenextgenerationofscientistsavoidlosingitalongtheway,asIdid.(我现在鼓励我的学生们脱离现实，花时间去思考，去玩耍，去享受他们的研究。并使这些事情成为他们生活中永久的习惯。我还告诉他们要注意那些能培养他们好奇心和深度思考能力的条件和场所。通过公开讨论创造力，我希望我们可以帮助下一代科学家避免像我一样在这个过程中失去创造力。)”可知，作者一开始热爱户外研究，想法如溪流般流淌，后来从事教学工作被管理需求占据，创造力下降，之后通过让自己放松、有空闲时间去思考和体验，创造力又回来了。作者还鼓励学生断开连接，抽出时间去思考、玩耍，把这些变成生活中的习惯。这说明只工作不玩耍会让人变得迟钝，即“AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.”（只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻）。故选D项。BGhostingisatermthatreferstothepracticeofonepersonendingallformsofcommunicationwithanother,withoutanywarningorreason.Messagesarelefton“read”,callsareignored,andsocialmediatiesmaybesevered.Beforetheinternet,manyrelationshipswereformedwithininter-connectedcircles,typicallythroughfriendsoratwork.Itwouldhavebeenmuchhardertocompletelysevercontactwithsomeonewithouttheawkwardnessofbumpingintothemorfacingnegativesocialimplicationswithinthecommunity.Nowwithsomanyrelationshipsinitiatedonlinewithfewerconnectionsincommon,therearefewerconsequencestodealwithifwedecidetodisconnectfromsomeoneinaless-than-ethicalway.Ghostingcanbeseenasaneffortlesssolutionforavoidingtheemotionalmessinessofhavingtoexplaintosomebodywhyyounolongerwanttocontinueengagingwiththem.Deliberatelyavoidingconflictscanbeaformofself-protectiontosafeguardtheghosterfromanxietyorstress,especiallyiftheyhavehadnegativeexperiencesdealingwithconflictinthepast.Ghostingculturecanalsobeinterpretedasresultingfromtheunlimitedchoicesthatwenowhaveatourfingertipswhenitcomestofindinganewpartner,joborsocialcircletojoin.Withthehugearrayofpossibilitiesoutthereforustopickfrom,ithasbecomefartooeasytoviewothersascommodities,readytotradeinattheclickofabuttonforsomethingbiggerandbetter.Decisionfatigue(疲惫)playsafactortoo,especiallywhenwearetryingtobalancenumerousoptionsallinonego.Ghostingprovidesapracticalstrategyforweedingoutlessdesirablecandidatesandsavingourenergyandtimefromhavingtoexplainwhytheydidn’tmakethecut.Ghostingmightbebecomingincreasinglyfrequentthesedays,butthatdoesn’tmeanithasbecomeanyeasiertodealwith.Theghosteemightthenendlesslyre-examineeverylastinteractiontopinpointacausefortheterminationoftherelationship.Thisusuallyleadstonegativeconclusionsandself-blame.However,it’snotonlytherecipientwhosuffersfromtheconsequencesofghosting.Ifghostingandavoidancebecomeacommonoccurrenceintheghoster’ssocialinteractionswithothers,theyriskmissingoutonhealthylong-termrelationshipsthatrequireeffectivecommunicationskills,problem-solvingandtrustinordertothrive.Disconnectionisanunavoidableaspectoflifebuthowwechoosetoendrelationshipsisfullywithinourcontrol.Itmayseemclichébutadoptingold-fashionedprinciples,suchastreatingothersthewaywewouldliketobetreated,willpreventusfrombecomingasocietyhauntedbyundesirablebehaviour.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“severed”inPara.1mean?A.Builtup. B.Cutoff. C.Givenaway. D.Reliedon.26.Whichofthefollowingsituationsisanexampleofghosting?A.Aguidecancelsthetravelplanatthelastminute.B.Achildhangsoutwithfriendswithouttellingparents.C.Afriendstopshavinganyformsofinteractionswithyou.D.Astudentrefusestohandinhomeworkwithoutexplanation.27.Howmightghostingaffecttheghostee?A.Self-defenseinthefaceofcriticism.B.Effectivemanagementofrelationship.C.Self-doubtduetounexpectedbreakups.D.Long-termrelieffromintenseconflicts.28.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsghosting?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving. C.Uncertain. D.Objective.【答案】25.B26.C27.C28.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“幽灵”行为，以及这种行为对人们的影响。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Ghostingisatermthatreferstothepracticeofonepersonendingallformsofcommunicationwithanother,withoutanywarningorreason.Messagesarelefton“read”,callsareignored,andsocialmediatiesmaybe…(“幽灵”是一个术语，指的是一个人在没有任何警告或理由的情况下结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。信息处于“已读”状态，电话被忽略，社交媒体联系可能被……)”可知，“幽灵”指的是一个人毫无预兆或理由地结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流，信息被“已读不回”，电话被忽略，那么社交媒体联系也应该是被“切断”。B选项Cutoff“切断”符合该语境。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ghostingisatermthatreferstothepracticeofonepersonendingallformsofcommunicationwithanother,withoutanywarningorreason.(“幽灵”是一个术语，指的是一个人在没有任何警告或理由的情况下结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。)”可推知，“幽灵”是指一个人毫无预兆或理由地结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。A选项“Aguidecancelsthetravelplanatthelastminute.”(一个导游在最后一刻取消了旅行计划)，这不是人与人之间结束所有交流，A错误；B选项“Achildhangsoutwithfriendswithouttellingparents.”(一个孩子没告诉父母就和朋友出去玩了)，不是结束与他人的交流，B错误；C选项“Afriendstopshavinganyformsofinteractionswithyou.”(一个朋友停止了与你进行任何形式的互动)，符合“幽灵”的定义，C正确；D选项“Astudentrefusestohandinhomeworkwithoutexplanation.”(一个学生没有解释就拒绝交作业)，这不是人与人之间结束交流的行为，D错误。故选C项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Theghosteemightthenendlesslyre-examineeverylastinteractiontopinpointacausefortheterminationoftherelationship.Thisusuallyleadstonegativeconclusionsandself-blame.(然后，幽灵可能会无休止地重新审视每一次互动，以找出关系终止的原因。这通常会导致消极的结论和自责。)”可知，被“幽灵”的人可能会无休止地重新审视每一次互动，试图找出关系终止的原因，这通常会导致负面的结论和自责，也就是会因为意外的关系破裂而产生自我怀疑。故选C项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Disconnectionisanunavoidableaspectoflifebuthowwechoosetoendrelationshipsisfullywithinourcontrol.Itmayseemclichébutadoptingold-fashionedprinciples,suchastreatingothersthewaywewouldliketobetreated,willpreventusfrombecomingasocietyhauntedbyundesirablebehaviour.(断绝关系是生活中不可避免的一个方面，但我们如何选择结束关系完全在我们的控制之中。这似乎是陈词滥调，但采用一些过时的原则，比如我们希望别人怎样对待我们，我们就怎样对待别人，将防止我们成为一个被不良行为困扰的社会。)”可知，作者认为虽然断联是生活中不可避免的一部分，但我们选择结束关系的方式是可以控制的，并且应该采用像“己所不欲，勿施于人”这样的传统原则，以防止我们的社会被不良行为所困扰，说明作者不赞成“幽灵”这种行为。故选B项。CAskmostscientistsifwe’reanimalsandyou’llgetafunnylook.Ofcourse,we’rehumans!Butverycommonly,humansaresetapartfromanimalsusingrandomdivision.In2018,apairoflong-tailedmacaqueswereclonedtobeusedinbiomedicalresearch.Afewyearsearlier,theUnitedNationsstatedthatcloningpeoplegoesagainsthumandignity.Thatmaybeagoodruling.Butwhatexactlyisdignity,andwhydohumanshaveitwhileintelligent,awareprimates(灵长目动物)suchasmacaquesdonot?Amacaquemaynotthinkortalkaboutdignity,butdoesthatmeanitdoesn’tpossessit?Thefactis,biologywon’tleaptoourassistanceherebecausedignityisahumaninvention.“Dignity”originatesinEnlightenmentdualist(二元论者)ideasseparatingcognitionfromphysicalityandinstinct,andlateranewbinaryemerged:thehumanmindandourphysicalbodies.Inthisworldview,theimpulsesandfeelingsofanimalbodies(includingourown)areviewedaslessimportantthanourmentalexperiences.Manyofourlawsandguidelinestodaycreatehardbordersbetweenhumansandotheranimalsonthebasisofoursupposedlysuperiormentalproperties.Tomaintainastrictboundarybetweenourexperiencesandthoseofallotheranimals,wefindourselvesprioritizingwhatweconsidermind-basedphenomenawhenmakingpolicies.Sowedemoteexperiencesoffearandpromotetheideathatknowingfear—recognizingit,namingit—iswhatmattersmorally.Webrushunderthecarpetthefactthatthesecognitivecapacities,ifpresentatall,changethroughoutourliveswithoutalteringourmoralstatus.Forexample,babiesexperiencefearbutcan’tconceptualizeit.Thisdoesn’talterourbeliefintheirmoralsubjecthood.Ilookatthehistoryofscienceandpsychologyresearchtounderstandhowourdiscomfortwithsomeaspectsofbeinganimals—frommoralconfusiontomortality—canspurustotellourselvesthatwe’renotreallyanimals.Iconcludethatit’stimeforamuch-neededchangeinbeliefthatnolongersplitstheworldintounhelpfulandunscientificbinaries.Theoverwhelmingbulkofscientificdatafromthepastfewdecadespointstohowessentialouranimal,physicallifeistoouractions,feelingandthoughts.Aresearchintochilddevelopmenthasshownthatsignificant,measurableadvantagesinacquiringlanguageandmathematicsfollowtheuseofphysicalmovementandgesture.Weurgentlyneedtogetahandleonwhatitmeanstobeananimalandmovebeyondold-fashioneddualism.It’snotjustthatwe’reanimals:embodied,physicalexperiencesarericherandmoremeaningfulthanwe’verecognized.Ifthatmeansweneedtorethinkourrelationshiptootheranimals,sobeit.29Whatcanweknowabout“dignity”inthepassage?A.Itisatermwhichseparateshumansfromanimals.B.Itisacognitivestandardsharedbyallprimates.C.Itisanideacombininghumanbodyandmind.D.Itisanemotionalfeatureofhumanbeing.30.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofbabiesinPara.3?A.Toprovecognitiveabilityisneededformoralsubjecthood.B.Toshowthechangeofcognitiveabilityinmoraldevelopment.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcognitiveabilityinpolicymaking.D.Tostresstheexistenceofmoralstatusregardlessoflevelofcognition.31.Whatisthewritertryingtopropose?A.Ashiftawayfromdualisticthinking.B.Anewmethodforscientificresearch.C.Lessemphasisonphysicalexperiences.D.Moreattentiontocognitivedevelopment.32Whichisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.ButWeAreAnimals,Aren’tWe?B.ThusWeClaimDignity,Don’tWe?C.ButWeAreTrulyDifferent,Aren’tWe?D.SoWePreferOurAnimalNature,Don’tWe?【答案】29.A30.D31.A32.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了人类与动物之间的界限，特别是尊严的概念。文章指出，尊严是人类发明的，将人类与动物区分开来。作者认为，我们需要重新思考与动物的关系，并认识到身体体验比我们想象的更有意义。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Askmostscientistsifwe’reanimalsandyou’llgetafunnylook.Ofcourse,we’rehumans!Butverycommonly,humansaresetapartfromanimalsusingrandomdivision.In2018,apairoflong-tailedmacaqueswereclonedtobeusedinbiomedical