2022年安徽省黄山市高二下学期期末考试英语试题

黄山市2021—2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测高二英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。答案应写在答题卷上，不能答在试题卷上。本次听力解压密码：sci79ev第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节（共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASpringisjustaroundthecorner,butifyouaretiredofsunflowers,tulips(郁金香)andotherstandardgardens,whynotheadtooneofthesemysteriousandwonderfulbotanicalgardens？ButchartGardens,BritishColumbia,CanadaOneoftherarestflowersyou’llfindatButchartGardensistheMeconopsis,otherwiseknownastheTibetanbluepoppy.Themostimpressiveflowerscanbefoundintheborders,whereyou’llfindoveronemillionbeddingplants.Andalthoughthegardensarefamousfortheirperennials(多年生植物),300,000spring-floweringplantsaregrowneveryyear,andover900varietiesofplantsaregrownforthesummergardensalone.KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden,CapeTown,SouthAfricaKirstenboschNationalBotanicalGardenisoneofahandfulofbotanicgardenstogrowonlynativeplants.Someofthemostpopularvarietiesincludethekingprotea,whichproducesenormousflowersbetweenautumnandsummer,andtheraresilvertree,asilky-leavedplant,whichexpertsbelievecouldbecomeextinctinthenext50years.DenverBotanicGardens,Colorado,USOncenativetoSouthAfrica,theseoddly-namedflowersarefamouslydrought-hardy,makingthemperfectforthispartofNorthAmerica.Thisgardenisoneofthefewtofocusondraught-tolerantplantsfromColoradoandthegrasslandsofAfrica,MongoliaandArgentina.Infact,Coloradoishometoninespeciesofendangeredplant,andseveralcanbefoundhere.Arctic-AlpineBotanicGarden,Tromso,NorwayVisittheworld’snorthernmostbotanicalgardenandyou’llfindabreathtakingcollectionofplantsfromtheworld’spolarandmountainousregionsincluding,intheHimalayasection,theraregiantTibetanbluepoppy,withitshugeflowersandmetre-highstem.You’llalsoseetheWilanderbuttercup,whichcanonlybefoundinthequiteterribleareasofSvalbard’sunforgivingicyislands.1.Whichbotanicalgardenonlyplantslocalspecies?A.Arctic-AlpineBotanicGarden. B.DenverBotanicGardens.C.ButchartGardens. D.KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden.2.WhichistypicaloftheTibetanbluepoppy?A.Rareandhot-tolerant. B.Smellyandill-looking.C.Largeandtall. D.Endangeredandcolorful.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toanalyzethefeaturesofplants. B.Tomakeanadvertisement.C.Toprotecttheendangeredplants. D.Tointroducesomefantasticgardens.【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各国几处神秘而美妙的植物园。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden,CapeTown,SouthAfrica中的“KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGardenisoneofahandfulofbotanicgardenstogrowonlynativeplants.(康斯坦博西国家植物园是少数几个只种植本土植物的植物园之一。)”可知，康斯坦博西国家植物园只种植本地物种。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Arctic-AlpineBotanicGarden,Tromso,Norway中的“Visittheworld’snorthernmostbotanicalgardenandyou’llfindabreathtakingcollectionofplantsfromtheworld’spolarandmountainousregionsincluding,intheHimalayasection,theraregiantTibetanbluepoppy,withitshugeflowersandmetre-highstem.(参观世界上最北的植物园，你会发现来自世界极地和山区的令人惊叹的植物收藏，包括在喜马拉雅地区，罕见的巨大的西藏蓝色罂粟，它有着巨大的花朵和一米高的茎干。)”可知，西藏蓝罂粟又大又高。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Springisjustaroundthecorner,butifyouaretiredofsunflowers,tulips(郁金香)andotherstandardgardens,whynotheadtooneofthesemysteriousandwonderfulbotanicalgardens？(春天就要来了，但如果你厌倦了向日葵、郁金香和其他标准的花园，为什么不去这些神秘而美妙的植物园呢?)”可推断，文章的目的是介绍一些奇妙的植物园。故选D。BDr.EugeniaSouth,directoroftheUrbanHealthLabandAssistantProfessorofEmergencyMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvania,isablackdoctorwhohesitatedtogetthevaccine(疫苗),thoughfacedwithdifferentkindsofvaccinefrommanyplaces.Butsheresearchedvaccinesafetyandreceivedhervaccine.Afterwardshetalkedtootherblackdoctorsandfriends,“IrealizedalotofpeoplehadthesameconcernsasIhad,buttheydidnothavetheopportunitytotalktoanyoneabouttheirconcerns.”AccordingtotheAssociationofAmericanMedicalColleges,only5%ofdoctorsareblack.Thismeansmanyblackpeopledonothaveblackdoctorstotalkto.ManyblackpeoplearehesitanttogettheCOVID-19vaccine.“Theymaynotbeabletotrusttheinformationthattheyaregettingfromtheirdoctorsornursesorevenpublicinstitutions,”saysDr.ShreyaKangovi,foundingexecutivedirector(执行董事)ofthePennCenterforCommunityHealthWorkers.InJanuary,Dr.SouthwroteanarticleforNBCNewsaboutherhesitationwiththevaccine.Shesaysherfavouritepartofwritingthearticlewas“havingtheopportunitytosharemystoryandtoshareitonsuchaplatform.I’veheardfromalotofpeopleacrossthecountrythatmywordshadaninfluenceonthemandtheymadeadecisiontogetthevaccinebecauseofwhatIwrote”.Dr.SouthhelpedstartaclinicinWestPhiladelphia,apartofthecitywherethreequartersofpeopleareblack.Morethan500blackpeoplewerevaccinatedattheclinicinoneday.Shealsodidacallwith21pastors(牧师)ofblackchurches,tellingthemaboutherexperiencewiththevaccine.PastorW.LonnieHerndonsays,“Hercareandconcernhelpedthousandsgetonboardwithgettingthevaccine.”4.WhatwasDr.South’sconcernabouttheCOVID-19vaccine?A.Effects. B.Security. C.Costs. D.Production.5Whyaresomanyblackpeopleunwillingtogetvaccinated?A.Theydisbelievethereportfromtheauthority.B.Theycan’taffordtogetthenewmedicine.C.They’renotusedtogettingvaccinatedsofar.D.Theyhavethechancetoescapefromthedisease.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.South’sarticleforNBCNews?A.Demanding. B.Theoretical. C.Controversial. D.Convincing.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Mostblackpeoplestillhesitatetogetvaccinated.B.Dr.Southgotmuchsupportfromthelocalgovernment.C.Dr.SouthhasdonealotinpreventingthespreadofCOVID-19.D.BlackpeoplearestillshortofknowledgeaboutCOVID-19.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑人医生Dr.EugeniaSouth将自己接种疫苗的经历写成了一篇文章，打消了其他黑人对疫苗的担忧，从而帮助许多黑人接种了疫苗。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butsheresearchedvaccinesafetyandreceivedhervaccine.Afterwardshetalkedtootherblackdoctorsandfriends,“IrealizedalotofpeoplehadthesameconcernsasIhad,buttheydidnothavetheopportunitytotalktoanyoneabouttheirconcerns.”(但她研究了疫苗的安全性并接种了疫苗。后来她和其他黑人医生和朋友交谈，“我意识到很多人和我有同样的担忧，但他们没有机会和任何人谈论他们的担忧。”)”可知，Dr.South对疫苗的安全性有担忧。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ManyblackpeoplearehesitanttogettheCOVID-19vaccine.“Theymaynotbeabletotrusttheinformationthattheyaregettingfromtheirdoctorsornursesorevenpublicinstitutions,”saysDr.ShreyaKangovi,foundingexecutivedirector(执行董事)ofthePennCenterforCommunityHealthWorkers.(许多黑人对接种新冠疫苗犹豫不决。宾夕法尼亚大学社区卫生工作者中心的创始执行主任ShreyaKangovi博士说：“他们可能无法相信他们从医生、护士甚至公共机构获得的信息。”)”可知，黑人对接种新冠疫苗犹豫不决是因为他们不相信来自权威机构的报告。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Shesaysherfavouritepartofwritingthearticlewas“havingtheopportunitytosharemystoryandtoshareitonsuchaplatform.I’veheardfromalotofpeopleacrossthecountrythatmywordshadaninfluenceonthemandtheymadeadecisiontogetthevaccinebecauseofwhatIwrote”.(她说，她对这篇文章最喜欢的部分是“有机会分享我的故事，并在这样一个平台上分享。我从全国各地的很多人那里听到，我的话对他们产生了影响，他们因为我写的东西而决定接种疫苗。”)”可知，她所写的文章使很多人决定接种疫苗，由此判断她的文章有可信度。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Morethan500blackpeoplewerevaccinatedattheclinicinoneday.Shealsodidacallwith21pastors(牧师)ofblackchurches,tellingthemaboutherexperiencewiththevaccine.PastorW.LonnieHerndonsays,“Hercareandconcernhelpedthousandsgetonboardwithgettingthevaccine.”(一天之内，超过500名黑人在该诊所接种了疫苗。她还给21个黑人教堂的牧师打了电话，告诉他们她接种疫苗的经历。牧师W.LonnieHerndon说：“她的关心和关心帮助成千上万的人接种疫苗。”)”可知，在她的关心和帮助之下，许多黑人接种了疫苗，由此可以判断，她帮助阻止了COVID-19的传播。故选C。CAgroupthatrepresents5,500independentfillingstationsaroundtheUKsaysthattwo-thirdsormoreofitsstationsareoutoffuel.Drivershavetovisitmanypetrolstationsinthehopeoffindingfuel,oftenwaitinginlineforhourstobuygasatthefewstationsthatdohavefuel.Somepeoplearecallingforemergencyworkerstogetspecialattentionatfillingstations.Thereareseriousconcernsaboutworkerslikedoctors,nurses,andambulancedriversbeingunabletoworkbecauseoftheshortage.Alreadythecountry’sNationalHealthServicehashadtocancelsomevisitsbycancerpatientsbecauseoftheshortage.Thegovernmentsaystheproblemisbeingcausedbypeoplebuyingmorefuelthantheyneedbecausetheyarescared.Somepeoplearecallingthispetrolpanic.Normally,gasandoilcompanieslikeBP,ShellandEssoarelimitedinhowtheyworktogether.That’smeanttokeepthemfromplanningtogethertoraiseprices.Now,thegovernmenthasgiventhesecompaniestemporarypermissiontoworktogethertomakesurethatgasstationsgetsuppliesasquicklyaspossible.Butsurveyshaveshownthatthecurrentgasproblemisn’tcausedbyanactuallackoffuel.It’sthattherearen’tenoughtruckdriverstodeliverfueltopetrolstations.ExpertsbelievethattheUKisshortofasmanyas100,000moredrivers.TheUKhashadashortageoftruckdriversforyears,buttheproblemhasgottenfarworseinthelast18months.That’sbecausearound25,000truckdriversfromEuropehavelefttheUKbecauseofBrexit—theUKchosetoleavetheEuropeanUnion.Inashorttermefforttohelpsolvetheproblem,thegovernmenthasofferedtemporarypermissionforasmanyas5,000truckdriversfromEuropetocomeoveranddrivetrucksintheUK.ButtheUKtruckdriversdon’tbelievemanyEuropeandriverswillbeinterested.TheysaytruckdriversintheUKearnlittleandtheworkingconditionsaren’tgood.8.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsfocusonconcerningthegasshortage?A.TheUK’sresponses. B.Itsprocesses.CPeople’sworries. D.Itsconsequences.9.What’stheexperts’viewonthecauseofpetrolpanic?A.Gaspriceshaverisensharply. B.Gastransportationhasgonewrong.C.Therearefewpetrolstations. D.Gascompaniesaretoblame.10.WhatcanbelearntabouttheUKtruckdrivers?A.TheyareforBrexit. B.Theygetwellpaid.C.Theyareurgentlyneeded. D.Theyworklonghours.11.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewspaperreport. B.Anofficialdocument.C.Anenvironmentpaper. D.Adrivers’brochure.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了英国三分之二或更多的加油站没有燃料了，因此司机们需要花费更多的时间排队买汽油，为此政府也采取了一些措施。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Drivershavetovisitmanypetrolstationsinthehopeoffindingfuel,oftenwaitinginlineforhourstobuygasatthefewstationsthatdohavefuel.(司机们不得不去很多加油站，希望能找到汽油，他们常常在少数几个有油的加油站排几个小时的队来买汽油。)”以及第二段“Somepeoplearecallingforemergencyworkerstogetspecialattentionatfillingstations.Thereareseriousconcernsaboutworkerslikedoctors,nurses,andambulancedriversbeingunabletoworkbecauseoftheshortage.(一些人呼吁紧急救援人员在加油站得到特别关注。医生、护士和救护车司机等工作人员由于短缺而无法工作，这令人严重担忧。)”可知，这两段主要讲述了汽油短缺而造成的后果。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Butsurveyshaveshownthatthecurrentgasproblemisn’tcausedbyanactuallackoffuel.It’sthattherearen’tenoughtruckdriverstodeliverfueltopetrolstations.ExpertsbelievethattheUKisshortofasmanyas100,000moredrivers.(但调查显示，目前的天然气问题并不是由燃料短缺造成的。问题是没有足够的卡车司机给加油站送油。专家认为，英国还缺少多达10万名司机。)”可知，专家认为英国汽油恐慌是因为英国的交通运输出了问题。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ExpertsbelievethattheUKisshortofasmanyas100,000moredrivers.TheUKhashadashortageoftruckdriversforyears,buttheproblemhasgottenfarworseinthelast18months.That’sbecausearound25,000truckdriversfromEuropehavelefttheUKbecauseofBrexit—theUKchosetoleavetheEuropeanUnion.(专家认为，英国还缺少多达10万名司机。英国货车司机短缺的问题已经持续多年，但在过去18个月里，问题变得更加严重。因为英国脱欧，大约25000名来自欧洲的卡车司机离开了英国——英国选择离开欧盟。)”可知，英国急需卡车司机。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Agroupthatrepresents5,500independentfillingstationsaroundtheUKsaysthattwo-thirdsormoreofitsstationsareoutoffuel.Drivershavetovisitmanypetrolstationsinthehopeoffindingfuel,oftenwaitinginlineforhourstobuygasatthefewstationsthatdohavefuel.(一个代表英国5500个独立加油站的组织表示，三分之二或更多的加油站没有燃料了。司机们不得不去很多加油站，希望能找到汽油，他们常常在少数几个有油的加油站排几个小时的队来买汽油。)”可知，文章在第一段就言简意赅地介绍了主要问题，文中还有一些数据和采访对话，这是典型的新闻报道。故选A。DFonts(字体)areusedtomakeletterslookacertainwayoncomputersorinbooksandmagazines.Ifyou’rewritingareport,youcangiveadifferentlooktothewordsinyourreportbychoosingadifferentfont.Forexample,youcanmakethemlooklikehandwritingortheletteringinacomic(漫画)book.Somefontsevenmaketheletterslooklikefunnyshapesordrawings.Scientistshavediscoveredthatpeopleoftenrememberthingsbetterifitisalittlebitharderforthemtoread.Thescientistshavelearnedthatifyouarereadingwordsthataredifficulttorecognize,yourbrainhastoworkalittlebithardertomakesenseofthewordsthatyoureyesareseeing.Thisextraworkhelpsyourbrainrememberwhatyouarereadingbetter.NowprofessorsatRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,havetakenthisideaandcreatedafontjustforrememberingthings.Thefont,calledSansForgetica,isalittlebithardtoreadonpurpose.Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeithardtoread.Probablythemostobviousoneisthatallofthelettershavegapsorholesinthem.Whenthelettershavethesegaps,thebrainhastofillinthegapstorecognizethem.Thismakesreadersslowdownandcontemplateastheyread.TheothersurprisingthingaboutSansForgeticaisthatitslants(倾斜)backwards.Youmaybeusedtoseeingwordsthatslanttowardtheright.ButSansForgeticaslantstheotherway,whichlooksveryunusual.Whensomeonecreatesanewfont,theyoftensellit.ButRMITisgivingawaytheirfontforfree,hopingthatitwillquicklyhelpstudentsandotherpeoplewhoneedtorememberthingswhilethey’rereading.SansForgetica,whichRMITiscalling“thefonttoremember”,canbedownloadedattheuniversitywebsite.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlydiscuss?A.Howstudentsreadfontsclearly. B.Thetypesofdesigningnewfonts.C.Thetheoryofmakingnewfonts. D.Whystudentsstoptoseethefonts.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contemplate”inparagraph4mean?A.Hesitate. B.Reflect. C.Relax. D.Explain.14.WhatdoesRMITexpectofSansForgetica?A.It’llhelpspeedupreading. B.It’llearnprofitsforthem.C.It’llbewidelyappliedsoon. D.It’llmakefontslookbetter.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewFontHelpsReadersRemember B.ANewFontHasBeenRecognizedC.ScientistsChangetheExistingFonts D.LearningToolsDependonNewFonts【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚墨尔本皇家理工大学的教授们发明了一种新字体，通过让单词更难读来帮助记忆，并介绍了这种字体的有关情况。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Scientistshavediscoveredthatpeopleoftenrememberthingsbetterifitisalittlebitharderforthemtoread.Thescientistshavelearnedthatifyouarereadingwordsthataredifficulttorecognize,yourbrainhastoworkalittlebithardertomakesenseofthewordsthatyoureyesareseeing.Thisextraworkhelpsyourbrainrememberwhatyouarereadingbetter.(科学家发现，如果阅读难度稍微大一点，人们通常会记得更好。科学家们已经了解到，如果你正在阅读一些难以识别的单词，你的大脑必须更努力地理解你眼睛看到的单词。这种额外的工作可以帮助你的大脑更好地记住你所阅读的内容。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了科学家制作这种新字体的理论。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“Probablythemostobviousoneisthatallofthelettershavegapsorholesinthem.Whenthelettershavethesegaps,thebrainhastofillinthegapstorecognizethem.(最明显的一个可能是所有的字母都有空隙或洞。当字母有这些空白时，大脑必须填补空白来识别它们。)”可知，这种字体的字母中有空白，所以当读到这些字母时，大脑需要去思考去识别。所以划线词contemplate为“思考”之意。选项A“Hesitate(犹豫)”；选项B“Reflect(思考)”；选项C“Relax(放松)”；选项D“Explain(解释)”。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButRMITisgivingawaytheirfontforfree,hopingthatitwillquicklyhelpstudentsandotherpeoplewhoneedtorememberthingswhilethey’rereading.SansForgetica,whichRMITiscalling“thefonttoremember”,canbedownloadedattheuniversitywebsite.(但是RMIT正在免费赠送他们的字体，希望它能迅速帮助学生和其他需要在阅读时记住东西的人。RMIT将SansForgetica字体称为“便于记忆的字体”，可以在学校网站上下载。)”可推断，RMIT希望这种字体很快得到推广使用。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一二两段介绍了这种字体被发明的原因，第三段“NowprofessorsatRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,havetakenthisideaandcreatedafontjustforrememberingthings.Thefont,calledSansForgetica,isalittlebithardtoreadonpurpose.(现在，澳大利亚墨尔本皇家理工大学的教授们采纳了这个想法，发明了一种专门用来记忆的字体。这种字体名为“SansForgetica”，故意让人看不清。)”直接点明主题；第四五段讲解了这种字体帮助记忆的方法；最后一段讲述了RMIT希望这种字体得到广泛使用。所以这篇文章主要介绍了一种帮助记忆的新字体。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。FirstliveclassheldfromChina’sspacestationThreeChineseastronauts’amazingvoicesreverberated(回响)inthegroundclassroomsastheschoolchildrenlistenedwithattention.ZhaiZhigang,WangYaping,andYeGuangfudeliveredthelectureanditwasnoordinarycourse.____16____Atotalof1,420studentsattendedthelecturefromfiveclassroomsacrossChina.Assistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,Wangfirstgaveatouraround,tellingstudentshowtheygoabouttheirlivesandworkonthespacestation.Sheshowedthemthemicrowave,watermachineandrefrigeratorinthespacekitchen.____17____Wangsaidthewatertheydrinkisrecycled,notingthatthereisnodifferenceintastebetweenregularandrecycledwater.Wangsaidtheastronautsmaylookalittlefatandswollen(肿胀的)asthemicrogravityinspacecanaffectbloodcirculation.____18____Sheshowedthestudentshowtoincreasetheirupperlimbstrengthwiththebikebyputtingherhandsonthepedalsandfloatingupsidedown.Inaseriesofexperimentsrelatedtowater,WangandYeshowedthestudentshowliquidsbehavedifferentlyinspaceduetotheabsenceofgravitationalforce.Inabuoyancy(浮力)experiment,Wangputatabletennisballinaglassofwater.____19____However,itremainedinthemiddleofthewater.Buoyancyalmostdisappearedintheweightlessenvironment.Attheendofthe60-minuteclass,thethreeastronautstriedtosatisfystudents’curiositythroughareal-timequestionandanswersession.Howdooxygenandcarbondioxiderecycleonthespacestation?Dostarsstilltwinkleinspace?____20____“Thesecretsofspaceandscienceareboundless,andthefutureisyours,”saidZhai,commanderoftheShenzhou-13mission.A.Itdidn’tfloattothesurfacelikeonEarth.B.Itismadefulluseofonthespacestation.C.Theyendedtheclasswiththeirbestwishes.D.Sheopenedthemini-fridgeandtookoutafreshapple.E.Theyuseaspinbikeandresistancebandstostayhealthy.F.Theydidexperimentsintheweightlessenvironmentinspace.G.Itcamefromsome400kmaboveEarthonChina’sspacestation.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了三名中国宇航员首次在中国空间站现场上课。【16题详解】根据上文“ZhaiZhigang,WangYaping,andYeGuangfudeliveredthelectureanditwasnoordinarycourse.(翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富主讲，这不是一门普通的课程。)”可知，这不是一门普通的课程，所以空处应解释不普通的原因。选项G“Itcamefromsome400kmaboveEarthonChina’sspacestation.(它来自距离地球约400公里的中国空间站。)”解释了这门课程不普通的原因，与上文内容一致。故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Assistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,Wangfirstgaveatouraround,tellingstudentshowtheygoabouttheirlivesandworkonthespacestation.Sheshowedthemthemicrowave,watermachineandrefrigeratorinthespacekitchen.(在其他两名宇航员的协助下，王亚平首先带领学生们参观了空间站，告诉他们如何在空间站工作和生活。她给他们看了太空厨房里的微波炉、饮水机和冰箱。)”可知，本段主要介绍了宇航员在太空站的生活，而空前提到了太空厨房。选项D“Sheopenedthemini-fridgeandtookoutafreshapple.(她打开迷你冰箱，拿出一个新鲜的苹果。)”与上文内容一致，仍然在介绍太空厨房。故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Wangsaidtheastronautsmaylookalittlefatandswollen(肿胀的)asthemicrogravityinspacecanaffectbloodcirculation.(王说，宇航员可能看起来有点胖和肿胀，因为太空中的微重力会影响血液循环。)”以及空后“Sheshowedthestudentshowtoincreasetheirupperlimbstrengthwiththebikebyputtingherhandsonthepedalsandfloatingupsidedown.(她向学生们展示了如何用自行车增加上肢力量，她的手放在踏板上，倒立着漂浮。)”可知，本段主要讲述了宇航员在空间站需要运动来增加上肢力量。选项E“Theyuseaspinbikeandresistancebandstostayhealthy.(他们使用动感单车和阻力带来保持健康。)”承接上文提到之所以使用动感单车的原因，同时引出下文王亚平展示如何骑自行车。故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“Inabuoyancy(浮力)experiment,Wangputatabletennisballinaglassofwater.(在浮力实验中，王把一个乒乓球放在一杯水中。)”可知，王亚平通过实验讲解太空中的浮力。下文“However,itremainedinthemiddleofthewater.Buoyancyalmostdisappearedintheweightlessenvironment.(然而，它仍然在水的中央。浮力在失重的环境中几乎消失了。)”讲解了实验结果。由此推断，空处和乒乓球实验相关。选项A“Itdidn’tfloattothesurfacelikeonEarth.(它不像在地球上那样浮在水面上。)”和下文的“itremainedinthemiddleofthewater.”相一致。故选A。【20题详解】根据下文““Thesecretsofspaceandscienceareboundless,andthefutureisyours,”saidZhai,commanderoftheShenzhou-13mission.(“太空和科学的秘密是无限的，未来是你们的，”神舟十三号任务指挥官翟志刚说。)”可知，这里说的是翟志刚对学生的祝愿。选项C“Theyendedtheclasswiththeirbestwishes.(他们带着最美好的祝愿结束了课。)”与下文内容一致。故选C。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nancytookmebythehand.Thiswasthethird____21____shewasplacingmein.Standingbeforemewerethemiddle-agedcouple,Allieandher____22____Alex.Overthefollowingweeks,wefellintoquitea(n)____23____routine.Alliewouldmakepancakesforbreakfast,orAlexwouldfrysomesausageand____24____.Theysangalot,even____25____astheycooked.Ikept____26____somethingtohappen.Whenwouldtheystart____27____alossofpancakesifIdidn’tmowthelawn(修剪草坪)?Whenwouldthesausageandeggsbe____28____withunidentifiablesoup?But,itnever____29____.Theykeptcooking,singing,anddancing.ThenonaSaturdayafternoon,Allie_____30_____topaintthefireplacewhite.Aswewerebusyworking,wefoundatinytreasure_____31_____.Welookedateachotherin_____32_____andexcitement.Shesaid,“Iwonderiftheleprechauns(精灵)leftit!”Icouldn’thelpbut_____33_____andlean(倚靠)intoheralittle.Allie_____34_____metoopenthebox.Insidewasabeautifullysculpturedwooden_____35_____.Foldedunderneathwasapieceofpaperthatread:“Mysweetie,todayisthe100thdayafterNancypassedyour_____36_____intomineandwetookyouhome.Wesimplycannot_____37_____therestofourliveswithoutyou.Weloveyouandwillbewithyou_____38_____.Thislovelydogwas_____39_____byAlexandme.Doyoulikeit?”Myeyesfloodedwithtears.It_____40_____,lovecomesinallshapesandsizes,evenatinytreasurebox.21.A.city B.neighborhood C.home D.school22.A.husband B.brother C.father D.son23.A.unhealthy B.nightly C.instructional D.pleasant24.A.fish B.rice C.eggs D.fruits25.A.cycled B.danced C.toured D.quarreled26.A.applyingfor B.reachingfor C.waitingfor D.payingfor27.A.suffering B.expecting C.memorizing D.threatening28.A.replaced B.compared C.associated D.confused29.A.bothered B.happened C.worked D.sank30.A.hesitated B.decided C.forgot D.refused31.A.box B.toy C.map D.coin32.A.respect B.conflict C.wonder D.detail33.A.apologize B.misunderstand C.panic D.laugh34.A.promised B.signed C.educated D.employed35.A.dog B.dress C.cat D.ring36A.hand B.order C.concern D.card37.A.lose B.imagine C.remember D.analyze38.A.once B.sometimes C.someday D.forever39.A.abandoned B.recognized C.controlled D.made40.A.sendsout B.comesout C.turnsout D.breaksout【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.B30.B31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A36.A37.B38.D39.D40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者寄养在艾莉和亚历克斯夫妇家的经历和感悟。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她安排我住的第三个家。A.city城市；B.neighborhood邻近；C.home家；D.school学校。根据“Standingbeforemewerethemiddle-agedcouple,Allieandher____2____Alex.”可知，作者寄住在艾莉和亚历克斯夫妇家。故选C。22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在我面前的是一对中年夫妇，艾莉和她的丈夫亚历克斯。A.husband丈夫；B.brother兄弟；C.father父亲；D.son儿子。根据“Standingbeforemewerethemiddle-agedcouple,”可知，亚历克斯是艾莉的丈夫。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们养成了相当愉快的惯例。A.unhealthy不健康的；B.nightly每夜的；C.instructional教育的；D.pleasant令人愉快的。根据“Alliewouldmakepancakesforbreakfast,orAlexwouldfrysomesausageand____4____.Theysangalot,even____5____astheycooked.”可知，作者在新家庭养成的惯例相当愉快。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾莉会做煎饼当早餐，或者亚历克斯会煎一些香肠和鸡蛋。A.fish鱼；B.rice米；C.eggs鸡蛋；D.fruits水果。根据“orAlexwouldfrysomesausage”可知，亚历克斯会煎一些香肠和鸡蛋当早餐。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们唱了很多歌，甚至一边做饭一边跳舞。A.cycled围绕；B.danced跳舞；C.toured周游；D.quarreled争吵。根据第二段“Theykeptcooking,singing,anddancing.”可知，艾莉和亚历克斯一边做饭一边唱歌和跳舞。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一直在等待有什么事情发生。A.applyingfor申请；B.reachingfor伸手去拿；C.waitingfor等待；D.payingfor付款。根据“Whenwouldtheystart____7____alossofpancakesifIdidn’tmowthelawn(修剪草坪)?Whenwouldthesausageandeggsbe____8____withunidentifiablesoup?But,itnever____9____.Theykeptcooking,singing,anddancing.”可知，作者一直在等待发生什么事。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们什么时候开始威胁说如果我不修剪草坪就会失去煎饼?A.suffering遭受；B.expecting期望；C.memorizing记住；D.threatening威胁。根据“alossofpancakesifIdidn’tmowthelawn(修剪草坪)?”可知，作者认为自己通过做一些如修剪草坪的家务作为回报，就可以换来夫妇二人为他做饭吃,如果不修剪草坪，他们就会不给他饭吃作为威胁。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么时候香肠和鸡蛋会被不知名的汤取代?A.replaced代替；B.compared比较；C.associated联想；D.confused困惑。bereplacedwith被替换成。根据“withunidentifiablesoup”可知，作者担心香肠和鸡蛋会被不知名的汤取代。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，它从来没有发生过。A.bothered打扰；B.happened发生；C.worked工作；D.sank下沉。根据“Theykeptcooking,singing,anddancing.”可知，作者担心的事情从来没有发生过。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在一个周六的下午，艾莉决定把壁炉漆成白色。A.hesitated犹豫；B.decided决定；C.forgot忘记；D.refused拒绝。decidetodosth.决定做某事。根据“Aswewerebusyworking,wefoundatinytreasure____11____.”可知，艾莉决定把壁炉漆成白色。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们忙着工作的时候，我们发现了一个小宝盒。A.box盒子；B.toy玩具；C.map地图；D.coin硬币。根据“Allie____14____metoopenthebox.”可知，发现的是一个盒子。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们惊奇而兴奋地面面相觑。A.respect尊敬；B.conflict冲突；C.wonder惊奇；D.detail细节。根据“Aswewerebusyworking,wefoundatinytreasure____11____.”可知，突然发现宝盒肯定非常惊奇。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住笑了，并向她靠了靠。A.apologize道歉；B.misunderstand误解；C.panic感到恐慌；D.laugh大笑。根据“Shesaid,“Iwonderiftheleprechauns(精灵)leftit!””可知，艾莉这么说逗笑了作者，所以作者忍不住笑了。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾莉示意我打开盒子。A.promised答应；B.signed示意；C.educated教育；D.employed雇佣。根据“Insidewasabeautifullysculpturedwooden____15____.”可知，艾莉示意作者打开盒子。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：里面是一只雕刻精美的木狗。A.dog狗；B.dress女装；C.cat猫；D.ring戒子。根据“Thislovelydogwas____19____byAlexandme.”可知，盒子里是艾莉和亚历克斯夫妇为作者雕刻精美的木狗。故选A。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：下面叠着一张纸，上面写着：“亲爱的，今天是南希把你的手放在我的手上，我们带你回家后的第100天。我们无法想象没有你的余生。我们爱你，永远和你在一起。这只可爱的狗是亚历克斯和我做的。你喜欢吗？”A.hand手；B.order命令；C.concern关心；D.card卡片。根据文章首句“Nancytookmebythehand.”可知，当初是南希拉着作者的手，交给艾莉。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下面叠着一张纸，上面写着：“亲爱的，今天是南希把你的手放在我的手上，我们带你回家后的第100天。我们无法想象没有你的余生。我们爱你，永远和你在一起。这只可爱的狗是亚历克斯和我做的。你喜欢吗？”A.lose失去；B.imagine想象；C.remember记得；D.analyze分析。根据“therestofourliveswithoutyou.”可知，艾莉和亚历克斯夫妇无法想象没有作者的余生。故选B。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：下面叠着一张纸，上面写着：“亲爱的，今天是南希把你的手放在我的手上，我们带你回家后的第100天。我们无法想象没有你的余生。我们爱你，永远和你在一起。这只可爱的狗是和我做的。你喜欢吗？”A.once曾经；B.sometimes有时；C.so