外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT5 Period4课件

Period4

Unit5

Intotheunknown主题语境人与社会——社会进步与人类文明课时学案单元语法讲练(Usinglanguage)[一词多义]写出下列句中checkout的含义①Theengineercheckedoutallthemachinesbeforetheywereputtouse． ____②Accordingtoregulationsofthishotel，guestsshouldcheckoutoftheirroomsbynoon． ________1．checkout调查，检查；了解……的情况；结账离开；(从图书馆等)借出检查结账离开③Thelibraryallowsyoutocheckoutsixbooksatatime．

________________④We'llhavetocheckhimoutbeforeweemployhim．

______________checkin

登记，报到checkupon 核对；检验(从图书馆等)借出了解……的情况[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子⑤Checkup__thefactsbeforeyouwriteyourreport．⑥布莱恩在办理登机手续前需要见一个叫托尼的朋友。BrainneededtomeetafriendnamedTonybeforehe___________forhisflight．oncheckedin(1)setoutfor

动身去某处setouttodosth．＝setaboutdoingsth．

着手做某事(2)setaside 存储；留出setup 建立；创立setdown 放下；记下setoff 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火

等)；引发2．setout动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；开始，着手[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Wecanset________earlysothatwe'llhavemoretimetoreadandselectbooks．②Hiscompanyisdevelopingsorapidlythathehasset__severalbranchesinotherbigcities．③Itrytoset_____afewminuteseachdaytodosomeexercise．out/offupaside④在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。a．People___________________________withthehelpofthegovernment．(setout)b．People_______________________________withthehelpofthegovernment．(setabout)setouttobuildtheirnewhomessetaboutbuildingtheirnewhomesthrowaway

抛弃；扔掉throwoff 脱去throwup 举起；呕吐throwout 抛出；扔出去throwoneselfon 扑倒在……上；完全依赖3．throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifyouthrowyourself____thejob，you'llfinishitbythisevening．②Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichtheywouldhavethrown____inthepast．③Tremblingwithfear，hethrewhimself__thebedandcoveredhisheadwiththequilt．④很多年轻人积极投身于医院的志愿工作。Alotofyoungpeople___________________thevoluntaryworkinhospitalsactively．intoawayonthrowthemselvesinto(教材原句)Whilethereisnoneedforustoshrink

fromnewsituations，weshouldalwayslookintothingsfirstandconsiderouroptions．虽然我们没有必要回避新的情况，但我们应该总是先看问题，并考虑我们的选择。Thereisnoneed(forsb．)todosth．[句式分析]

thereisnoneedforsb．todosth．意为“对某人来说做某事是没有必要的”。Thereisnoneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensolved．既然这个问题已经解决了，我们就没有必要再讨论了。Thereisnotrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth．

做某事没有困难。Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫无疑问……Thereisnosense/point(in)doingsth．

做某事没有道理/意义。Thereisnochance/possibilitytodo/ofdoingsth．

没有做某事的机会/可能性。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Aslongaswetryourbest，there'snoneedforus________(feel)regretfulforthesefailures．②Thereisnodoubt____Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration．③没必要为此担心，因为政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。_____________________________asthegovernmentisnowmakingeveryefforttoprovidemorejobs．tofeelthatThereisnoneedtoworryaboutit复习名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫作名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句连接词的用法1．连接词that，whether和if的用法。(1)连接词that在从句中没有词义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。Thattheheavyhazeisharmingourhealthisquiteapparent．浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。(2)连接词whether，if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether。Whethertheywillhavethemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet．他们是否要开会还没有定下来。2．连接代词who(m)，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever在从句中都有词义，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。Onlybyreadingbooksareweabletorealizewhathappenedcenturiesago．只有通过读书，我们才能了解几个世纪前发生的事情。Whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished．不论谁违反了规则都要受到惩罚。3．连接副词when，where，why，how在从句中都有词义，既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语。Shehasdecidedhowsheshouldsettlethematter．她已作出决定如何来解决这件事。[即时训练1]单句语法填空①____hesaidatthemeetingdescribedabrightfutureforthecompany．②Thensheaskedme___________therestaurantwasonthefifthfloor．③____weunderstandthingshasalottodowith____wefeel．④Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_____hescoredthewinninggoal．⑤Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingweekend．Whatwhether/ifHowwhatwhenthat二、主语从句1．主语从句在复合句中作主语。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown．谁将赢得这场比赛还有待分晓。Whetherwewillgotheretomorrowdependsontheweather．我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。[名师点津]单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound．他出生的地点和时间还没有被找到。Whenhewillcomeandhowhewillcomearestillunknown．他什么时候来，怎么来，现在还不清楚。2．有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。Itisnecessarythatapersonshouldprovideagainstarainingday．一个人应该居安思危、未雨绸缪。Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake．她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。Ifapersondosehisbest，itdoesn'tmatterwhatpeoplethinkofhim．如果一个人尽了他最大的努力，那么人们如何评价他并没关系。[即时训练2]单句语法填空①_____IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents．②Itremainstobeseen____thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice．③_____thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweatherlateron．④Itdoesn'tmatter____youwear，solongasyoulookneatandtidy．⑤____hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall．WhatthatWhenwhatThat三、宾语从句1．宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。在口语或非正式的文体中，引导宾语从句的that可以省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear．他告诉我他明年将去上大学。I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm．我正在考虑我们是否应该去看这部电影。2．it作形式宾语(1)动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。I'vemadeitclearthatIwon'tacceptthisjob．我已表明我不会接受这份工作。(2)有些动词(短语)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，seeto，depend/relyon等后接宾语从句时，习惯在从句前加形式宾语it。Yonmaydependonitthatwewillsupportyou．你相信好了，我们会支持你的。3．宾语从句的时态当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。但如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管从句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。Theymadeuptheirmindthattheywouldbuyanewhousesoon．他们下定决心很快就买所新房子。Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess．老师告诉我们失败是成功之母。[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Hehasmadeitclear____hewillnotgiveuptakingpartintheactivity．②Iwonder___________youcangivemesomeadviceonhowtomakefriends．③Ican'tunderstand___youaresoprejudicedagainstus．④Whydon'tyoubring__tohisattentionthatyou'retooilltoworkon?⑤Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou，foryoucannevertell____closeyoumaybetovictory．thatwhether/ifwhyithow四、表语从句1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。除了前面列举的连接词外，还包括asif/though，because等。Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel．问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。Itlooksasifweshallstaythenighthereafterall．看来我们不得不在这里过夜了。2．当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyheisabsentfromschoolisthatheissick．他没来上学的理由是他生病了。[即时训练4]单句语法填空①Mydoubtis_______theycancompletethetaskontime．②ThereasonwhyIadmirehimis____hestartseverydaywithasmile．③Topracticeasmuchaspossibleis_____thesecretlies，whichistrue．④Everythingkeepschanging，andthat's____weshouldseetheworld．whetherthatwherehow五、同位语从句1．在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般位于fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词做进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。同位语从句可由that，whether，what，when，where等引导。Wemustfacethefactthatthewarhaskilledmanypeople．我们必须正视战争已经夺取了许多人的生命这一事实。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere．他还没有做出决定是否去那里。2．分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句。Wordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch．消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。[名师点津]同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，引导词只起引导作用，不可省略；定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制，在句子作一定的成分。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool．他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园。(同位语从句)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing．你昨天告诉我的那个消息真令人失望。(定语从句)[即时训练5]单句语法填空①Ihavenoidea_____hewillcome．②Theyarefacedwiththeproblem_______theyshouldcontinuethework．③Ifollowedhisadvice____Ishouldenrichmyselfbydoingthingslikereadingandwriting．④Thequestion_____shouldbeinchargeofthemeetinghasnotyetbeensettled．whenwhetherthatwho用适当的名词性从句的引导词填空1．_____worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2．____sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill．Shehassomedoubts3．_______sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar．Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan'tsleepwellthesedays．Maybethisis4．____shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks．5．____shebecomesslimmerWhatthatwhetherwhyHowandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask．Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions．But6．____willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher．Itisherparents'suggestion7．_____sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital．ProfessorWangsuggests8．____shekeepabalanceddietfirst．Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein．What'smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday．MaryaskedProfessorWang9．_____shewhothatthatwhenshouldtakeexercise．ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o'clockintheafternoon．Thatis10．_______shewillhavemoretimetodosports．ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow．because①shipwreckn．失事的船；沉船②representv．代表③unexploredadj．无人涉足的④givenprep．鉴于⑤archaeologicaladj．考古学的；考古的课下预习第二篇课文(Developingideas)⑥findn．发现⑦shallowadj．浅的⑧beneaththewaves在海浪下⑨ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟⑩remainingadj．剩下的，余下的⑪extremeadj．极度的，极端的⑫depthn．深处；深度⑬fragmentn．碎片；片段⑭biologicaladj．生物的；生物学的⑮attherateof以……的速度⑯transparentadj．透明的⑰trenchn．海沟⑱beequivalentto相当于，等于⑲stackv．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起⑳capacityn．能力，承受力㉑notableadj．显要的；显著的；值得注意的㉒substancen．物质㉓holdtherecord保持纪录㉔conductv．实施，执行㉕identifyv．确定；找到，发现㉖atoughenvironment恶劣的环境㉗enormousadj．巨大的㉘intenseadj．十分强烈的，极度的㉙beyondthereachof无法达到；超出……的能力㉚cooperationn．合作㉛missionn．任务，使命㉜frontiern．边疆；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘DIVINGDEEPLyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks①．Allofthemrepresent②attemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth'sfurthestcorners．[1]AmongtheseistheEsmeralda，theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia．Today，some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail，thereislittle—ifany—landonourplanetleftunexplored③．WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon，andevenofVenusandMars，thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed．[1]本句为完全倒装句。theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia为

Esmeralda的同位语。[2]Given④ourlimitedknowledge，itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields．AswiththediscoveryoftheEsmeralda，manyarchaeological⑤

finds⑥aremadeinshallow⑦watersnearthecoast．Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves⑧．OnesuchfindistheancientRomancityofNeápolis，discoveredoffthecoastofTunisia．BelievedtohavebeenburiedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD，theruins⑨ofNeápolisarealmost2，000yearsold．Theremaining⑩streetsandbuildingsofferawindowintoafascinatingperiodinourhistory．However，weareonlybeginningtoovercomethechallengesofpressure，darknessandextreme⑪coldatvastdepths⑫．Fragments⑬

ofthepastlyingdeepbeneaththeoceansarestillwaitingtobediscovered．[2]句中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。Amazingbiological⑭discoveriesarealsobeingmade．Thedarkzonesoftheoceansmaycontainupto90percentoftheplanet'sfish．[3]Inthesewaters，morethan200metresdeep，wherelightcannotreach，areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction．Imaginebone-whitecoral6，000metresbelowtheocean'ssurface，growingattherateof⑮onlyoneortwomillimetresperyear．Someofthesecouldbe4，000yearsold．Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye，astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparent⑯forehead．Intheverydeepestoceantrenches⑰thataremorethan8，000metresbelowthesurface，thepressureisequivalentto⑱50aeroplanes

stacked⑲oneontopofanother．Yetthereisstilllifetobefound，evenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings．Thesediscoveriesallhelpusunderstandthecapacity⑳forlifeonourplanet，eveninthemostextremecircumstances．[3]本句为表示地点的介词短语位于句首的倒装句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词waters；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词creatures；asif引导表语从句。[4]Furthermore，theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources，someofwhicharecompletelynewtous．Mostnotable㉑oftheseisChina'sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance㉒，knownas“fireice”，undertheSouthChinaSea．Inaddition，China'sunderwatervessels，suchastheJiaolongandShenhai

Yongshi，havebeenexploringwatersatdepthsofthousandsofmetres．TheJiaolongevenholdstherecord㉓forthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine，at

7，062metres，givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers．[5]Theresearchconducted㉔bythesevesselsisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingofhowtheseabedwasformed，aswellashelpingidentify㉕areasfordeep-seadrilling，takingdeep-seaexplorationintoawholenewera．[4]本句为复合句。someofwhich...为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。[5]本句为复合句。句子主干为Theresearchisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingof...aswellashelping...；conductedbythesevessels为过去分词短语作后置定语；howtheseabedwasformed为how引导的宾语从句。Beingatoughenvironm