北京大学英文简介终稿

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________可编辑修改-PekingUniversityEnglish-ChineseSummerProgramSchoolofForeignLanguagesPekingUniversityPekingUniversity：AnIntroduction北京大学简介：ABriefHistory……1燕园景观：MainSightsonCampus………………3西门：TheWestGate………………3办公楼：UniversityAdministrationBuilding…………4华表：TheOrnamentalColumns…………………5南北阁楼:TheSouthandNorthPavilions…………5未名湖与博雅塔：The“Unnamed”Lake&BoyaPagoda……….6翻尾石鱼与石舫：RelicsontheLakeside……7临湖轩：LinHuXuan(UniversityReceptionHouse)….……8蔡元培雕像：StatueofCaiYuanpei…………8斯诺墓：TombofEdgarSnow………………9赛克勒考古博物馆：ArthurM.SacklerMuseumofArtandArchaeology……10图书馆：PekingUniversityLibrary………………12百年纪念讲堂：CentennialCommemorativeHall……131．北京大学简介PekingUniversity：ABriefHistoryPekingUniversitywasfoundedin1898,andhadasitsfirstEnglishnametheImperialUniversityofPeking.ItwasthefirstnationalcomprehensiveuniversityandthehighestadministrativeorganforeducationinChina.TheestablishmentofthisUniversitymarkedthebeginningofChina'smodernhistoryofhighereducation.Itwasin1912,aftertheRevolutionof1911,thattheUniversityadopteditspresentname.In1917,whenMr.CaiYuanpei,anoutstandingscholarandeducator,wasappointedPresidentofPekingUniversity,hesucceededintransformingtheUniversityfromanimperialschoolintoamodernuniversity.PekingUniversityalsobecamethecenteroftheChineseNew-CultureMovementandtheearliestbaseforthespreadofMarxisminChina.By1919,PekingUniversityhaddevelopedintoChina’slargestinstitutionofhigherlearning,with14departmentsandmorethan2,000students.SincethenPekingUniversityhasremainedformanydecadesthecenterofmoderncultureanddemocracyinChina.DuringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseinvasioninthe1930s,PekingUniversitymovedtoKunming,inYunnanProvinceinthesouthwest,andformedtheNationalSouthwesternAssociatedUniversitytogetherwithTsinghuaUniversityandNankaiUniversity.In1946,afterthevictoryoftheanti-JapaneseWar,PekingUniversitymovedbacktoBeijing.AtthattimePekingUniversitywascomposedofsixschools(Arts,Science,Law,Medicine,Engineering，andAgriculture),andaresearchinstituteforHumanities.Thetotalenrollmentofstudentshadgrownto3,000.AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,theCentralGovernmentcarriedoutanationwidereadjustmentofcollegesanduniversitiesin1952，inthehopethatitcouldpromotehighereducationandeducatestudentsintermsofspecializedknowledgeandskillsbyredistributingresources.Afterthereadjustment,PekingUniversitybecameauniversitywithdepartmentsofbothliberalartsandsciences.By1962,thetotalenrollmenthadrisento10,671undergraduatestudentsand280graduatestudents.ItwasinthatyearthatPekingUniversitymovedtoitspresentcampus,whichhadbeenthecampusofYenchingUniversity.Sincethelate1970sPekingUniversityhasbeeninaprocessofunprecedenteddevelopmentinbothsizeandquality.In2000,theformerBeijingMedicalUniversitywasincorporatedintoPekingUniversity,whichisnowafullycomprehensiveuniversitywithmultipledisciplines,includingNaturalSciences,Humanities,SocialSciences,ManagementSciences,MedicalScience,andEngineering.Tostudentsfromhomeandabroad,itoffersalargerangeofundergraduateprograms，Mastersprograms,andPh.D.programs.TheUniversityconsistsof30schoolsand12departments,with93disciplinesforundergraduates,twodisciplinesforthesecondBachelor'sdegree,199disciplinesforMastercandidates,and173disciplinesforDoctoralcandidates.Additionally,ithas216researchinstitutesandresearchcenters,includingtwonationalengineeringresearchcenters,81nationalkeydisciplines,and12nationalkeylaboratories.ThecurrentPresidentofPekingUniversityisProfessorXuZhihong,awell-respectedbiologistandacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.PekingUniversitylaysemphasisonbothteachingandscientificresearch.Greateffortshavebeenmadetoreforminallpossiblewaysandimprovethequalityofundergraduateandgraduateeducation,andmaintaintheroleoftheUniversityasaleadingresearchinstitution.NamedafterCaiYuanpei,aspecialprogramwasinitiatedin2001aspartoftheundergraduateteachingreform.Theprogramischaracterizedbyafocusongeneraleducation,whichgoesthroughthefirsttwoundergraduateyearsandisfollowedbymorespecializededucationintheothertwoyears.Theobjectiveistostrengthenthetraininginbasicabilitiesbeforestudentsdevotethemselvestoaspecializedfield.PekingUniversityhasalsoconnecteditselftotheglobalacademiccommunity.Ithasestablishedpartnershipwithabout200universitiesfromover44countriesandregionsandthuscultivatedaworldwidenetworkforacademicexchangeandcooperation.EachyearPekingUniversityinvitesover300foreignexpertsforteachingandresearchandhostsaround400internationalconferences.Meanwhile,PekingUniversityfacultyandstudentsmakeover5,000overseasvisitsforadvancedresearchandtrainingoracademicconferences.ThenumberofinternationalstudentsatPekingUniversityismorethan3000,whocomefromdozensofcourtiersandregions.2.燕园景观MainSightsonCampusThecampusofPekingUniversity,whichisknownas“Yanyuan”(orYanGuarden),issituatedintheHaidianDistrictonthewestoutskirtsofBeijing.ItisnearthefamousSummerPalaceandYuanmingGarden(theRuinedWinterPalace).Aspartoftheformerroyalgardenbeforethetwentiethcentury,PekingUniversityishometomanysuperiorexamplesofChinesearchitectureandrelicsfromtheQingDynasty.3.西门TheWestGateAsthemainentranceofPekingUniversity,theWestGateisabouteightmetershighandfacestothewest.Itsarchitectureisuniqueinatraditionalstyle,withbeautifulbeams,colorfullypaintedrafters,andapairofmarblelionsstandingonbothsidesinfrontofthegate.ThegateresemblestheEasternGateoftheSummerPalace.Withitstraditionalandnationalstyle,thegateisdistinctive.Overthegatewayhangsthecalligraphyof“PekingUniversity”bythelateChairmanMaoZedong.Duringholidays,theWestGateiscustomarilydecoratedwithbright-coloredflowersandneonlights.TheWestGateisalsooneofthestartingpointsforvisitorstoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofthecampus.InsidetheGate,theAlumniBridgeimmediatelycomesintoview.TheBridgespansacrossasmallpool.Standingonthisstonebridgeandlookingdown,visitorsmayseegoldfish.Visitorscanalsoseethelawns,apairofornamentalcolumnsastheculturalrelic,theoldtalltrees,andtraditionalarchitecture.TheimageofWestGaterepresentsPekingUniversityinmanyways.ThusmanystudentsofPekingUniversityhavetheirpicturetakenthereaspartoftheircommencement.VisitorsalsofavorthegateasanimageofPekingUniversity.4.办公楼UniversityAdministrationBuildingBuiltupin1926,theUniversityAdministrationBuildingwasoriginallynamedShideBuilding,orBashfordHall,inmemoryofJamesWhiteBashford,thesecondpresidentofHuiwenSchool,whichlaterdevelopedintoYenchingUniversity.ItbecamethePekingUniversityAdministrationBuildingin1952,whenYenchingUniversitywasincorporatedintoPekingUniversity.Itsarchitectureistraditionalandgrand,withthesymmetricalsidesthatmakethemiddlepartofthebuildingstandout,grayroof,redpillars,whitewalls,andthevividpaintingsonthebeams.ItlookslikeagrandhallinanimperialpalaceinancientChinaandpresentssuchamagnificentmannerthatitmarksitselfoutofthearchitecturearoundit.Theauditoriumonthesecondflooristhesiteofmanyimportanteventsinthepastandpresent,includingthepatrioticstudents’movementsintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,andvisitsandspeechesbyworldfiguressuchastheformerU.S.PresidentBillClinton.5.华表TheOrnamentalColumnsTothewestofthePekingUniversityAdministrationBuildingstandthepairofOrnamentalColumnswithcarveddragons.ItissaidthattheOrnamentalColumnsweremadeintheRuinedWinterPalacein1742,attheheightoftheQingDynasty.Madeofwhitemarble,thetwocolumnshaveatotalheightof8meterswithanoctagonalpedestalof1.24meters.ThecolumnsareanembodimentofthetraditionalChineseculture.6.南北阁TheSouthandNorthPavilionsTheSouthandNorthPavilionsaretwinsquare-shapedtraditionalbuildings.LegendholdsthatduringhisdaysinBeijingasPresidentofYenchingUniversity,JohnLeightonStuartmissedhistwodaughterssomuchthathehadthetwopavilionsbuilttoexpresshisloveforhischildren.TheSouthPavilionwasoriginallycalled“GandeBuilding”,servingastheresidenceofwomenstudents,whiletheNorthPavilionwasoriginallycalled“DefengBuilding”,servingastheplaceformusicteachingandstudents’activities.TheywerenamedafterDr.S.LuellaMiner,formerPresidentofNorthChinaUnionWomen'sUniversity,whichlaterbecametheDepartmentofWomen'sAffairsatYenchingUniversity.Dr.MinerwasappointedthefirstchairoftheDepartment.Inhonorofhernotablecontribution,thetwobeautifulpavilionswerethennamed“Gande”and“Defeng”.Later,asproposedbyQianMu,awell-knownscholarofChinesehistoryandculture,theSouthandNorthPavilionweresorenamed.In1983,asadonationfromPekingUniversityalumni,anexquisitesmallgardenwasbuiltontheeastsideofthetwoPavilions.Sincethelate1980sthegardenhasbeenthevenueoftheEnglishCornerofPekingUniversitystudents,wherestudentsmeetonweeklybasis.7.未名湖与博雅塔The"Unnamed"LakeandBoyaPagodaThe“Unnamed”LakeandtheBoYaPagodaarelocatedinthenorthernpartoftheUniversitycampus.Theartificiallakehasahistoryofover200years.ItwasfirstconstructedduringtheQingDynastyandwasrenovatedintheearlyyearsoftheRepublicofChina.Whenthelakewastoberenamedintheearlydaysofthetwentiethcentury,noagreementcouldbereached.Thenitwasproposedtocallitthe“Unnamed”lakebecauseinChinese,“name”hasthesimilarmeaningto“fame”,butatruescholarshouldpursueknowledgeandtruthinsteadoffameorwealth.ThisnameoftheLakeisconsonantwiththeculturalspiritofPekingUniversityandthustheLakehasbecomeasymbolofPekingUniversityaswellasthebestknownfeatureofthecampusscenery.Thebeautyandspiritofthe"Unnamed"Lakeiscomplementedbythepagodaatitseastside.TheBoyaPagodawasbuiltin1924andwasusedasawatertower.ThePagodais37metershighwith13stories.Likethe"Unnamed"Lake,thenameofthePagodareflectsthevaluesofPekingUniversity.“Bo”meanserudition,while“Ya”standsforelegance.8.翻尾石鱼与石舫RelicsontheLakesideInthemiddleofthe"Unnamed"LakeistheMarbleFishwithacurled-uptail.ItistherelicoftheRoyalGardenofPerfectionandBrightness.Aftertheburningofthegardeninthenineteenthcentury,theMarbleFishwasstolen.Later,someYenchingUniversitygraduateshappenedtofindthispreciousrelicandpresentedittotheirAlmaMater.EversincethentheMarbleFishsettleddownthereandsoremains.DuringtheCulturalRevolutionfrom1966to1976,theMarbleFishwaspusheddowntothebottomofthelake.ItwasnotuntilseveralyearslaterthattheMarbleFishwaspulledoutandreturnedtoitshomeonthebankofthelake.Itisaworkofartbutalsoaneyewitnessofhistory.TheMarbleBoat,situatedontheeasternsideoftheislandinthe"Unnamed"Lake,wasbuiltin1784andispopularlycalledthe“UntiedBoat".TheMarbleBoatissimilartothebiggermarbleboatattheSummerPalace.Thelatterisatwo-storeymarbleboatwithtraditional,colorfully-carvedcolumns,standingelegantlyontheKunmingLake.ManygrandroyalpartieswereheldintheMarbleBoat.AttractedbythemarvelousstructureoftheMarbleBoatattheSummerPalace,HeShen,ahigh-rankingeunuchinchargeofthe"Unnamed"Lake,decidedtomakeasimilarboatintheLakeaspartofhisprivategarden.ThustheMarbleBoatcameintobeingonthesideofthe"Unnamed"Lake,whichwasalmostthesizeandgrandeuroftheMarbleBoatattheSummerPalace,inspiteoftherulethatnonebuttheroyalmonarchcouldhavesuchamarbleboat.9.临湖轩LinHuXuan(UniversityReceptionHouse)Locatedonthehillofthewesternsideofthe“Unnamed”Lake,LinHuXuan,ortheLakesideHouse,isatranquilcourtyardsurroundedbyperennialbamboos.Itistheoldeststandingbuildingonthecampus.Inthe1920sitwastheresidenceofJohnLeightonStuart,PresidentofYenchingUniversity.JohnLeightonStuarttooktheofficeatYenchingUniversityin1916.Thankstohisleadership,theeducationalsystem,thecampusconstructionandinternationalconnectionsofYenchingUniversityweregreatlyimproved.In1928,YenchingUniversitywasrankedafirst-classuniversityinAsiabytheUniversityofCalifornia.In1930,JohnLeightonStuartwasawardedadoctoraldegreeinliteraturebyPrincetonUniversityforhiscontributiontothegrowthofYenchingUniversity.In1931,BingXin,aprofessorofChineseliteratureandawell-establishedwomanwriter,renameditasitis.Thebeautyofthe“Unnamed”LakeandthearchitecturaleleganceoftheLakesideHousearehighlightsofthecampusscenery.Today,theLakesideHouseistheUniversityReceptionHouse,whereUniversityleadersmeetimportantvisitors.10.蔡元培雕像StatueofCaiYuanpeiTheStatueofMr.CaiYuanpei,formerPresidentofPekingUniversityinthe1930s,islocatedinfrontoftheBellPavilion.BornintheculturallydevelopedZhejiangProvince,Mr.CaiYuanpeireceivedanexcellenteducationinChinaandthenwenttoJapanandFranceforfurtherstudies.Hewasarevolutionarythinker,anactivereformer,andeducationleader.HispatriotismandprogressivethoughtfoundexpressionwhenheorganizedtheRecoveryUnionandthenjoinedtheUnitedLeagueofChina.Asaneducator,hesetupvariousschoolsandorganizationstospreadnewideasandpromoteeducationalreforms.Afterthe1911Revolution,hetookupthepostasEducationalChiefintheProvincialGovernmentofNanjing. From1916to1927,Mr.CaiwasPresidentofPekingUniversity.HisleadershipinthatpostopenedanewstageinthehistoryoftheUniversity.Inthefaceofstrongresistance,heputmanyeffectivereformsintopractice,suchasdismissingunqualifiedteachersandofferingimportantpoststohighlyqualifiedpersons.Histheoryofauniversitywasthatthebusinessofauniversityistodevelopdeeplearningandthatuniversityfacultyandstudentsshouldhavelibertyinteachingandresearch.HeevenopenedthegatewayofPekingUniversitytoordinarycitizens,allowingthemtositinthelecturesofprofessors.AnditwasunderhisadministrationthatPekingUniversityfirstadmittedwomenstudents.Underhisleadership,PekingUniversitygrewintoaprestigiousmodernuniversity.11.斯诺墓TombofEdgarSnowTheTombofEdgarSnowislocatedonthehillsidesouthofthe“Unnamed”Lake.Thetombstoneisengraved“InMemoryofEdgarSnow,anAmericanFriendoftheChinesePeople.”In1928,attheageof23,EdgarSnowcametoChinaandworkedasajournalistinShanghai.HewasdeeplymovedbythemisfortuneofChinesepeople,andthushereportedwhathesawandlearnedwithsympathy.In1934hecametoteachasassistantprofessoratYenchingUniversity.HeofferedavarietyofJournalismcourses,andhisknowledge,modesty,andkindnessdeeplyimpressedChinesestudents.Hewasalsoafirmsupporterofstudents’patrioticmovementagainsttheJapaneseinvaders.In1936EdgarSnowgotanopportunitytotraveltoShanbei,thebaseoftheChineseCommunists,wherehemetmanyrevolutionaryleadersincludingMaoZedongandZhouEnlai.FollowingMaoZedong’sadvice,hewenttotheCivilWarfrontandstayedwiththesoldiersforawholemonth,gaininganobjectiveanddeepimpressionoftheRedArmy.Asaresultofthetrip,SnowturnedhisownexperiencesintoaseriesofreportspublishedinAmericanandBritishnewspapers.Oneyearlater,hecollectedtheminTheRedStaroverChina,whichbecameabestseller.HisnarrativegavetheinternationalcommunityitsfirstaccesstoanunbiasedpictureoftheChineseCommunistsandthenatureoftheirrevolution.Afterreadingthisbook,U.S.PresidentFranklinDelanoRoosevelt,askedtoseeEdgarSnowthreetimesandhighlyrecommendedhisbooktoothersinperson.IntheColdWaryearsEdgarSnowpaidthreevisitstoChinaandwaswarmlyreceived.Despitehisdeclinedhealthinoldage,hetookanactivepartinrestoringandconstructingfriendshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.OnFebruary15,1972,onlyaweekbeforethehistoricmeetingofMaoZedongandRichardNixon,EdgarSnowpassedaway.“IloveChina”washislastwords.Accordingtohiswill,onehalfofhisasheswereburiedatPekingUniversity.12.赛克勒考古博物馆ArthurM.SacklerMuseumofArtandArchaeologyOnMay27th1993,theArthurM.SacklerMuseumofArtandArchaeologyatPekingUniversityopeneditsdoortovisitors.ThemuseumwasfundedbytheAMSFoundationofArts,ScienceandHumanities.ItisstillthefirstmuseumlocatedonuniversitycampusaswellasthebiggestmuseumofarchaeologyinChina.Dr.SacklerhadgreatinterestintraditionalChinesecultureandwaskeenoncollectingancientChineseworksofart.Dr.SacklercontributedtotheconstructionofamuseumofarchaeologyatPekingUniversitybecausetheUniversityhasalargecollectionofrareantiquesandremainsaleadingChineseinstitutioninarchaeologicalresearch.ThecollectionoftheSacklerMuseumhasbeengreatlyincreasedinquantityandqualityinrecentyears.Now,ithousesmorethan20,000objectsofartandculturethatrangeindatefromancienttimestothepresent.Theexhibitsinthemuseumcompriseoftwoparts:valuablerelicsfromthePaleolithictimetotheQingDynasty,andnewdiscoveriesbythefacultyofarchaeologyatPekingUniversityinrecentyears.ThemuseumhoststhousandsofvisitorsandvisitingresearchfellowsfromChinaandabroadintermsofannualstatistics.13.图书馆PekingUniversityLibraryPekingUniversityLibrarywasfoundedin1902bythenameCapitalUniversityBookCollectionBuilding.AftertheRevolutionof1911,itgaineditspresentname.AroundtheMay4thMovementof1919,PekingUniversitybecameoneofthecentersforrevolutionaryactivities.SomeoftherevolutionaryleaderssuchasLiDazhaoandMaoZedongservedasLibraryDirectororworkedasalibrarian.In1952,afterthenationwidereadjustmentofcollegesanduniversities,theLibrarymovedfromitsformerdowntownvenuetothepresentone.OnMay4th1998,ontheoccasionoftheCentennialofPekingUniversity,theNewLibraryBuildingwasconstructed,symbolizingtheneweraoftheLibrary'sgrowthtowardsmodernization.Thewell-knownHongKongentrepreneur,HonoraryDoctorofPekingUniversity,Mr.LiKaShingsponsoredtheconstructionofPekingUniversityLibrary.ThespaceofPekingUniversityLibraryamountsto51,000squaremeters,with4,000seatsforfacultiesandstudents.It