2023年大学英语A网络统考阅读理解真题

阅读理解A2

1、Duringthemealyou'dbetterbecarefulnottoleaveaspooninasoupbowlor

coffeecuporanyotherdish.Thecoffeespoonoughttobeonthesaucer,thesoup

spoonoughttobeontheplateunderthebowl.Whenyouarehavingsoup,make

theleastnoisesandusethesideofyourspooninsideoutthisway,notthetip.And

youmustn'tpickupyoursoupbowlssoastodrinkawaythelastdropsofyoursoup

fromthebottomofthebowl.

Veryoftenthereisonlyonemaincourseandsalad,followedbyyoursweet.Ifyou

findthemealnotenough,soy"Ohzit'sdelicious!"andaskforsomemoreofthe

chickenorsteakorwhateveryouhavejusthad.Thehostesswillbeverygladthat

youappreciatehercookingandwillgiveyouanextraportion.Butifyouobserve

theChinesewayofbeingpoliteandsay"No,thankyou"whenthehostessoffersyou

more,youwillmostprobablystarvelater,becauseAmericanswillneverpressfood

onyou.Yetitisnotpolitetokeepsilentandnottotalkwiththepersonnexttoyou.It

wouldbeconsideredgoodmannersifyouhandleyoursilverwarewithcaresothat

theydon'tmakeanynoise.Whencoffeecomes,drinkitfromyourcup.Thecoffee

spoonshouldrestonthesaucerwhileyouaredrinking.Andsmoking,ofcourse,is

rarelyseenatadinnertable.Well,whenthemealisfinished,theguestsputtheir

napkinsonthetableandstandup,themenagainhelpingtheladieswiththeir

chairs.

Afterthedinner,theguestsusuallystayforanhourortwo,thentheywouldsay,"Well,

I'mafraidImustbegoingnow."Thehostandhostesswouldofcourseurgeeveryone

tostaylonger."What,already?Won'tyouhovecnothercoffee?"Theguests,for

instance,wouldsay,'Tdloveto,butIhavetobeupearlytomorrowmorning.Thank

youforamostenjoyableevening.Good-night."

Andifyoustayovernightorovertheweekend,itwillbecourteoustosenda

thank-younotetothehostorhostessthefollowingday,veryoftenwithasmallgift

suchasaboxofchocolateorsomeflowersasatokenofappreciationoftheir

hospitality.

(1)、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A:HowtoPrepareforaMeal.B:NeverPressFoodonYourGuest.C:Table

MannersintheU.S.A.

D:HowtoEnjoyaDinner.答案：C

⑵、Thepassagesuggeststhat.

A:tomakethehostesshappyyoushouldaskformorefoodevenifyouarefull

B:youshouldkeepsilentatadinnertableinordertobepolite

C:ifyouwanttobefriendlywiththepersonnexttoyou,youshouldpressfoodon

him

D:talkingisnecessaryatadinnertable答案：D

(3)、Atadinnertable,youdoallofthefollowingexcept.

A:makingtheleastnoisepossibleB:pickingupyoursoupbowltodrinkaway

thelastdrop

C:handlingyoursilverwarewithcareD:drinkingthecoffeefromyourcup

答案：B

⑷、Whatdoes"courteous"inthelastparagraphmean?

A:Friendly.B:GenerousC:PoliteD:Noble.答案：C

⑸、Thepassageimpliesthat.

A:differentnationshavedifferentcustomsB:Chinesecustomsarequite

similartoAmericanones

C:bothChineseandAmericanshavesoupbeforethemaincourse

D:ifyouarepolite,thehostesswillpressmorefoodonyou答案:A

2、Mr.Stevensonwastheownerofageneralappliancestore.Hehadseenmany

newlywedscomingintohisstoretoshopfortheirfirstrefrigerator,washeranddryer,

andair-conditioner.Penandpencilinhand,theywouldoskhimolotofquestions

aboutprice,featuresandafter-saleservices,buttheywouldusuallywalkawayat

theendoftheirinquiry.

Theotherdayayoungcouplecameintohisstore.TheyaskedhimallIheusual

questionsandheansweredallofthempatiently.Butwhenhesuggestedanorder

attheend,theyrepliedfirmly,"We'llhavetolookaroundplacesfirst."

Althoughfeelingabitdisappointed,Mr.Stevensondidnotshowit.Instead,he

smiled,movedcloserandsaid,"IknowyouwillgotoDiscountDantolookatthe

pricetags.That'sperfectlyunderstandable.Idothesame.Infacttheysellthesame

stuffaswedo.Butifyoubuythingsthere,thereissomethingyouwillnotget.And

thatisme.IcomewitheverythingIsell.I'vebeeninthebusinessforthirtyyearsand

inafewyears'timeI'mgoingtogivemystoretomydaughterandson-in-law.Ihope

theywillcarryonthefamilybusiness.IstandbehindeverythingIsellandIwillmake

surethatyouwillneverregretbuyingthingsfromme."

A什erthisshortspeechMr.Stevensonofferedtheyoungcouplesomeicecreamto

thankfortheirinterest.

Impressedbyhishonestyandsincerity,theyoungcoupledecidedtoplacean

order.

(1)、WhatdidMr.Stevenson'sstoresell?

A:Familyfurniture.B:Sportsapparatus.C:Householdappliances.D:

Thingsfornewlyweds.答案：C

(2)、Whydidmanynewlywedsusuallywalkawayattheendoftheirinquiry?

A:Theyknewtheycouldbuybetterqualityapplianceselsewhere.B:Theyare

boredwiththeowner'sspeech.

C:Theywantedtocomparepricesatotherstores.D:Theythoughtthestore

couldnotmeettheirneeds.答案:C

(3)、WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMr.Stevenson'sattitudetowardshis

customers?

A:Politeandpatient.B:Politeandinflexible.C:Generousandflexible.

D:Snobbishandrude.答案：A

⑷、WhatwasMr.Stevenson'sresponsetotheyoungcouple'srefusal?

A:Hewasnotdisappointedatallbecausehewasaccustomedtoit.B:He

couldnothidehisdisappointment.

C:Hefeltdisappointedbutsmiledandthenwalkedaway.D:Hesmiled

andstartedtousehispowerofpersuasion.

答案：D

(5)、Whydidtheyoungcouplefinallydecidetoplaceanorder?

A:Theyrealizedhowimportantofter-saleserviceswere.B:Theybecame

interestedintheownerandhisfamily.

C:Theyweretouchedbytheowner'shospit。叶y.D:Theywereconvincedofthe

ownershonestyandsincerity.:D

3、Theskillinbeingastudentconsistsingettingone'sdailystudyasneartheoptimum

(最佳的)pointaspossible.Icannottellyouwhattheoptimumis.Itdifferswiththe

typeofwork,itdiffersfrompersontoperson,andeveninthesamepersonitvaries

fromweektoweek.Youmusttrytofindyourown.Everydayyoustudy,bearthis

principleoftheoptimuminmind.Whenyoufeelyourselfgettingfatigued,ifyoufind

yourselfrepeatedlyreadingoverthesameparagraphandnottakingitinzthat'sa

pre甘ygoodsignyou'vereachedthecrest(最高点)forthedayandshouldstop.

Mostordinarystudentsfindtheiroptimumataboutfivehoursaday.Yoursmaybe

alittlemoreoralittleless-butifyougetinfivehours'goodworkoday,youwillbe

doingwell.

Now,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfwhenyouaren'tworking?Before

examinationssomestudentsdonothingatallexceptsitinachairandworry.Thisisa

misunderstanding.Peopletooeasilythinkofthemindasifitworkedlikethebody;it

doesnot.Ifonewantedtoconservephysicalenergytocutthemaximumamount

offirewood,onewouldlieflatonabedandrestwhenonewasn'tchopping.Butthe

mindcannotrest.Eveninsleepyoudreamzevenifyouforgetyourdreams.The

mindisalwaysturning.Itgetsitsrelaxationonlybyvariety.Thatiswhatmakes

mentalrest.Sowhenyou'vereachedyouroptimjmpointyoumuststop.Youmust

gooutanddosomething.Itdoesn'tmatterwhat-anythingsolongasyouare

activelydoingsomethingelsebutwork.

(1)、Forastudentwhowantstobeanefficientlearner,it'susefulto.

A:spendasmuchtimeaspossibleonstudyeverydayB:makegooduseofthe

sparetime

C:gethisstudyasneartheoptimumpointaspossibleD:strikeabclance

betweenworkandplay答案：C

(2)、isagoodsignthatastudentshasreachedthecrestfortheday.

A:HavingtroublesleepingB:Readingwithoutabsorbingthematerial

C:Gettingtiredofone'sreadingassignmentD:Feelingunabletofollowthe

teacher答案：B

(3)、People'smisunderstandingaboutthemindisthat.

A:themindworksthesamewayosthebodyB:theminddoesn'lneedtohave

arest

C:havingagoodrestwilldoharmtothemindD:ahealthybodyresultsfrom

ahealthymind答案:A

(4)、Thebodyisdifferentfromthemindbecause.

A:itneedsresttoregainenergyB:performingdifferenttaskscanhelpthebody

regainenergy

C:ithastheenergyoptimumpointD:beingtiredwillaffectitsperformance答

案：A

(5)、Thebestwaytorelaxthemindafterstudyisto.

A:gotobedandhaveagoodsleepB:gooverthelessononehaslearned

C:refertothenotebookagainandagainforbetterunderstandingD:try

somethingdifferentinanactiveway答案:D

4、Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsamealhebeginstothink

aboutanovercoatwhencmanagergetsanev/sportscanobighouseand

pleasureboatsdanceintoview.

Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.When

thereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.

Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,the

secondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.Bytheendof

WorldWarllztheseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thena

thirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.

By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,

afourthlevelofneedsappeared:the"life-enriching"level.Whiletheotherlevels

involvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,thefeeding,comfort,safetyzandtransportation,

thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.It

includesovarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"

items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcore,and

recreation.Alsoincludedhereorefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.

Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevels

moreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsas

theirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonal

servicesonthefourthlevel?

Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunity

action.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentaction

againstdisease,ignorance,crime,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,our

clothesclosets,ourgoroges,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensure

thehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfour

levels.

(1)、Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsoshousing

andclothingonlywhen.

A:hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelterB:hehassavedupenough

money

C:hehassatisfiedhishungerD:hehaslearnedtobuildhouses答案：C

(2)、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,most

Americans.

A:livedinpovertyB:wereveryrichC:hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthree

levelsD:didnotownautomobiles

答案：D

(3)、WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto"physicalsatisfaction"?

A:Asuccessfulcareer.B:Acomfortablehome.C:Agoodmeal.D:A

familycar.答案：A

(4)、Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?

A:Themoregoodsthebetter.B:Themore"luxury"itemsthebetter.

C:Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.D:Themoreearningsthebetter.答案：C

(5)、Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel.

A:wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevelB:maybealotmoredesirablethan

thefirstfour

C:canbethelastlevelD:willbecome。甘oinoblebeforethegovernmenttakes

actions答案：B

5、Thoughsomepeoplehavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkin

ordertoleavemorejobsformen,theideahasbeenrejectedbybothwomenand

meninpublicopinionpolls.Latelysomeunionofficialshovesuggestedthattoo

manywomenareemployedintypeofworkmoresuitableformenandthatwomen

shouldstepasidetomakewayforunemployedyoungmen.Theyarguethat

women-especiallywomenintheirchildbearingyearsactuallydelayeconomic

developmentandresultinlowerproductivity,poorqualityandinefficiency.

Tosolvetheproblem,theyhavesuggestedthattheworkingwomenstayathome

whiletheirhusbandsorbrotnersweregivendoublewages.Theyarguethatunder

thesecircumstances,familieswouldretaintheirsamelevelofincome,andwomen

couldrunthehouseandraisechildrenmuchbetter.

Thesuggestionhasbeenrejectedby9outof10peoplepolled.Ahundredpersons

inabigcitywerequestionedlastsummer.Outof50women,46saidtheywere

unwillingtoleavetheirjobs,nomatterwhatthesituationwas.Theother4saidthey

wouldliketoreturnhomeiftheirjobscouldbetakenbytheirsonsordaughters.Of

50menpolled,only6saidtheywouldliketoseetheirwivesgiveuptheirjobs,ifit

meanthigherwagesforthemselves.

Someotherpeoplehovesuggestedanotherwaycalled"phasedemployment

theory'.Thetheorysuggeststhatawomanworkertakeleavefromherjobwhenshe

issevenmonthspregnantandstayoffthejobuntilherbabyreachestheageof3.It

suggeststhatwomenonleavereceive75percentoftheirnormalsalaryandbe

allowedtoreturntoworkafterthe3-yearperiod.Thiswillbenefitchildren,women,

theirfamiliesandthesociety.Someofthosepolled,bothwomenandmen,feltthe

ideaisagoodone.Itdefinitelyseemstobemoreacceptablethanthesuggestion

thatwomenreturntohomeforever.

⑴、Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturnhomebecause

A:allofthemareemployedinunsuitabletypesofworkB:theirparticipationinwork

hasabadinfluenceontheeconomicdevelopment

C:mostskilledmaleworkersarenowunemployedD:nowadaysnoonecantake

careofchildrenexceptwomen答案:B

(2)、Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatifwomenresigntheirjobs,.

A:theyshouldbeallowedtoattendschooltobetrainedB:theirjobsshouldbe

takenoverbythemalemembersoftheirfamilies

C:themaleemployeesintheirfamiliesshouldreceivedoublewagesD:their

childrenshouldalsoleavetheirkindergartens

答案：c

(3)、Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionthatwomenshouldreturnto

houseworkwas.

A:opposedbymostmenandwomenB:welcomedbymenonly

C:welcomedbywomenonlyD:welcomedbymenandwomen答案：A

⑷、Accordingtothepassagewecansee"phasedemployment"means

A:twoormorewomensharethesomejobB:womenstayothomeonweekdays

andgotoworkonweekendsorholidays

C:awomanshouldresignherjobforeverifshehasachildD:womenareallowed

totakeleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirchildbearingyears答案:D

(5)、Basedonthe"phasedemployment"theory,duringawoman'sleavefromher

job.

A:herworkshouldbedonebyherhusbandorbrothersB:herfamily'sincomelevel

willbealittlelowerthanitnormallyis

C:herfamilycanstillkeepthesamelevelofincomeD:eitherherhusbandorher

brotherswillbegivendoublewages

答案：B

6、Manystudieshaveidentifiedastronglinkbetweensuicideanddiagnosable

mentalillness,especiallydepression.So,becausewomensufferfromdepressionat

amuchhigherratethanmen,theywouldseemtobeathigherriskforsuicide.Yet

womenactuallycommitsuicideaboutone-fourthasoftenasmen.

GeorgeE.Murphy,professorofpsychiatryatWashingtonuniversityschoolof

MedicineinSt.Louis,saysthatfemalesmaybeprotectedbecauseofthewaythey

thinkaboutproblemsandinteractwithothers."Womenprocesstheirexperience

withfriends.Theydiscusstheirfeelings,seekfeedback,andtakeadvice.Theyare

muchmorelikelytotellaphysicianhowtheyfeelandcooperateintheprescribed

treatment.Asaresult,womengetbettertreatmentfortheirdepression."

Thattreatmentmayhelpprotectthemfromsuicide,butMurphysuggeststhereis

moretoit.Theapproachtoproblem-solvingiswhatoftenlandsawomanina

psychiatrist'sofficeinthefirstplace,andthatapproachmaybekeepingfemale

suiciderateslower.

Murphybelieveswomenarelessinclinedtocommitsuicidebecausetheir

thinkingismoreinclusive.Whileamanmighttendtothrowasideseemingly

peripheral（非本质的,边缘时）issuestogettothecoreofaproblem,awomanmight

takemorethingsintoaccount.Shemaycontinuetoseekinputandprocess

problemslongafterthepointwheremendecideonacourseofaction."She'll

considernotjustherfeelings,butalsothefeelingsofothers-herfamily,thechildren,

evenacquaintances-andhowthesepeoplewillbeaffectedbyadecisionlike

suicide.Amanismuchlesslikelytotakethosethingsintoaccount.Hemakeshis

decision,andit'sabouthim,sohedoesnotfeeltheneedtoshareitwithanyone

else."

(1)、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A:Therelationshipbetweendepressionandsuicide.B:Women'shigherroteof

depressionthanman.

C:Reasonsforwomen'slowerriskofcommittingsuicide.D:Thetreatmentof

mentalillnessessuchasdepression.答案:C

(2)、Femalesgetbettertreatmentfortheirdepressionperhapsbecause.

A:theyaremoreconcernedabouttheirhealthB:theyhavemoreexperience

indealingwithdepression

C:theymaydiscusstheirfeelingswithadoctorandbecooperativeD:theyare

moreafraidofsuicide答案：C

⑶、Theword"inclusive"inparagraph4probablymeans.

A:comprehensiveB:liberalC:open-mindedD:firm-minded答

案：A

(4)、Itisimpliedthatamancanreducehischanceofcommittingsuicideifhe

A:goesstraighttothecoreofaproblemB:doesnotallowhimselftobe

influencedbyhisacquaintances

C:consultsapsychiatristregularlyD:changesthewayhethinksabout

problemsandinteractwithothers答案:D

(5)、Whenamonsuffersfromdepression,itistypicalofhimto.

A:processhisfeelingsandseekadviceB:considerjusthisfeelingswhenhe

makesadecision

C:throwasideobviouslyimportantissuesD:octinahostilemannertowardsa

psychiatrist.答案：B

7、Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehe

canlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingand

experiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbemodifiedthrough

leornirg.Psychologistshovefoundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhich

learningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning".This

occurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwith,orfollowedby,a

rewordorpunishment.Itisthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnsto

associatehismother'sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthis

personprovidesfoodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilar

fashion.Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operantconditioning".Anindividual

learnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodo

thingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoher

babywhenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhe

crieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscrying

inordertohavehismothermore.Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.

Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevisionzinteractingwithotherpeople

andsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisitthatwelearntolikesome

peopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,caresaboutus,welearnto

associatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,suchasjoy,happiness,andfriendliness.

Ontheotherhand,ifapersonismeantous,doesnotcareaboutus,andeven

deliberatelydoesthingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegative

feelings,suchosunhappiness,discomfortandanger.

(1)、Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.

A:giveparentssomeadviceonhowtobringupchildrenB:debatewith

psychologistsonpeople'spositiveandnegativefeelings

C:teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencece什oinemotions

D:informthegeneralreaderoftwobasicprocessesofmodifyingemotionsthrough

learning答案：D

(2)、Inclassicalconditioning,achildlearnsto.

A:associateoneeventwitharewardorpunishmentB:dothingsthat

producerewards

C:receivearewardwhenhefeelhappyD:recognizehismother'sface

andvoice答案：A

(3)、Whichofthefollowingisacaseof"operantconditioning"?

A:Childrenlearntodothingsthatproducepunishment.B:Thebabyfeels

happywhenheseeshismother'sface.

C:Childrenlearntomixwithothersbyreading,watchingTVandsoforth.

D:Thebabyincreaseshiscryingbecausehismotherattendstohimwheneverhe

cries.答案：D

(4)、Theunderlinedword"fashion"canbereplacedby

A:vogueB:routeC:mannerD:fate答案：C

(5)、Accordingtothepassage,positivefeelingsinclude.

A:care,association,andnicepersonB:joy,happiness,andfriendliness

C:comfort,cares,andangerD:reading,watchingTV,andinteractingwith

others答案：B

8、Manycountriesfaceasomewhatmoreseriouseconomicproblemintheformof

anunfavorabletradebalancewithothernations.Suchanimbalanceexistswhen

thetotalvalueofacountry'simportsexceedsthatofitsexports.Forexample,ifa

countrybuys$25billionofproductsfromothercountries,yetsellsonly$10billionofits

ownproductsoverseas,itstradedeficit(贸易逆差)is$15billion.Many

underdevelopednationsfindthemselvesinthispositionbecausetheylacknatural

resourcesortheindustrialcapacitytousetheseresources,andthushavetoimport

rawmaterialsormanufacturedgoods.

Oneeffectofatradedeficitistheflowofcurrencyoutofacountry.Inthecaseof

anunderdevelopednation.,thiscancausemanyfinancialdifficulties,including

failuretomeetdebtpaymentsandobstaclestocreationofanindustrialbase.Even

inthecaseofafullydevelooednationsuchastheUnitedStates,alargetrade

deficitisareasonforalarm.Americanproducts,madebywell-paidworkersinU.S.

industries,costmoretoproducethanthosemadeinplaceslikeAsia,wherelabor

andmaterialcostsaremuchlower.Moneyspentonforeignproductsismoneynot

spentonitemsproducedbydomesticindustries.

(1)、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A:Someworldwideeconomicproblems.B:Thecauseandconsequencesof

tradedeficit.

C:Lackofresourcesinunderdevelopedcountries.D:Highlaborandmaterial

costsindevelopedcountries.答案：B

(2)、Accordingtothepassage,atradeimbalanceoccurswhen.

A:acountryisfacingseriousfinancialproblemsB:acountrybuysmorefrom

othercountriesthanitsellsoverseas

C:thevalueofacountry'sexportsisgreaterthanthatofitsimportsD:products

importedaremoreexpensivethanthoseexported

答案：B

(3)、Manyunderdevelopedcountrieshavetradedeficitsbecause.

A:theyfailedtomeetdebtpaymentsB:theyexportmostoftheirnatural

resourcestoothercountries

C:theyborrowtoomuchmoneyfromothercountriesD:theyhavetoimport

mostoftheirmanufacturedproducts答案:D

(4)、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecauseofatrade

imbalance?

A:Theflowofcurrencyofthecountry.B:LowlaborandmaterialcostsinAsian

countries.

C:Lackofnaturalresources.D:Lockoftheindustrialcapacitytousethe

resources.答案：A

(5)、ItcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatAmericanindustries.

A:donotpaytheirworkerssufficientlyB:arehurtbyatradeimbalance

C:importedlaborandmaterialfromabroadD:areabletopreventatrade

deficit答案：B

9、ThejudgmentoftheEnglishmanbyallotherEuropeanpeoplesisthatheisthe

mostsuspicious,themostreservedzthemostunfriendly,thecoldest-heartedofall

westernpeoples.

AskaFrenchman,anItalian,aGerman,aSpaniard,evenanAmerican,whathe

thinksaboutEnglishmen;andeveryoneofthemwilltellyoutheverysamething.This

ispreciselywhatthecharacterofmenwouldbecomewhohadlivedforthousands

ofyearsintheconditionsofnorthernEuropeanland.

But,ontheotherhand,youwouldfindthatallnotionswouldspeakhighlyofcertain

otherEnglishqualities-energy,courage,honour,justice.Theywouldsaythat,

althoughnomanissodifficulttomakefriendswith,thefriendshipofanEnglishman

oncegainedisstrongerandtruerthananyother.Andasthebattleoflifestill

continues,andmustcontinueforthousandsofyearstocome,itmustbe

acknowledgedthattheEnglishcharacterisespeciallywellsuitableforthestruggle.

Itsreserves,itscautions,itsdoubts,计ssuspicions-thesehavebeenforitinthepast,

andarestillinthepresent.

Itisnotalovablenoramiablecharacter;itisnotevenkindly.TheEnglishmanof

thebesttypeismuchmoreinclined(倾向于)tojusticethanheistobekind,for

kindnessisanemotionalimpulse,andtheEnglishmandoesn'tlikeeverykindof

emotionalimpulse.Butwithallthis,thecharacterisagreatone,anditssuccesshas

beenthebestproofofitsvalue.

⑴、TheEnglishmanischaracterizedas.

A:suspiciousandopen-mindedB:reservedandfriendlyC:suspiciousand

warm-heartedD:cold-heartedandunfriendly答案：D

⑵、Accordingtotheauthor,themainfactorwhichhasshapedtheEnglish

characterisaone.

A:geographicalB:economicalC:psychologicalD:political答案：A

(3)、CertainotherEnglishqualitiessuchascourage,energy,andhonorare.

A:ignoredbyEuropeansB:praisedbyEuropeansC:ignoredby

themselvesD:prois㊀dbythemselves答案：B

（4）、ItseemsthatitismostdifficulttoanEnglishman.

A:speakhighlyofB:takecareofC:makefriendswithD:fightagainst答案:

C

⑸、TheEnglishmanprefersto.

A:beingonguard,emotionalimpulseB:justicezkindnessC:value,

successD:beingtrue,friendship答案:B

18、DuringPaleolithic（旧石器）timesmanbecamemanbylearningtospeak,to

maketoolsandtousefire.Thisgavehimanenormousadvantageoverother

animalsabouthim.Yetinonefundamentalrespectheremainedaliketothem.He

wasstillahunteramongotherhunters.HewasstiIafoodgathereraswerecountless

otherspeciesthatwerecompletelydependentonthebounty（恩赐）ofnature.And

beingdependentonthenature,hewasdominatedbynature.Hehadtobe

constantlyonthemoveinordertofollowanimalsandtolocatefishinggrounds.He

hadtoliveinsmallgroupsbecausenotmanycojldfindenoughfoodtosupport

themselvesinagivenareaifhelivedalone.Itis