2019高考英语一轮复习课时作业41Womenofachievement

课时作业(十六)必修4Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·重庆市重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)Haveyouheardofthefollowingpeople?Maybeyes,maybeno.Buttheymaybeaninspirationforyou.TheTreeLadyKateSessionswasanAmericanbotanistandlandscapearchitectcloselyassociatedwithSanDiego,California.AfterbeingthefirstwomantograduatefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego.KatedecidedthatTheSnowflake(雪花)ManWilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosofsnowflakesbeganfromhisboyhoodandwasoftenmisunderstoodinhistime,buthisdeterminationrevealedtwoimportanttruths:notwosnowflakesarealike;andeachoneissurprisinglybeautiful.In1931,heworkedwithWilliamJ.HumphreysoftheU．S.WeatherBureautopublishSnowCrystals,abookcontaining2,500photographs.TheFatherofHisCountryBythelate1760s,GeorgeWashingtonhadexperiencedfirsthandtheeffectsofrisingtaxesimposed(征收)onAmericancolonistsbytheBritish,andcametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.In1787,hewaselectedpresidentoftheConventionthatwrotetheU．S.Constitution.Twoyearslater,WashingtonbecameAmerica'sfirstpresident.Hisretirementfromofficeaftertwotermsestablishedatraditionthatlasteduntil1940,whenFranklinDelanoRooseveltwonathirdterm.The22ndAmendment(1951)nowlimitsthepresidenttotwoelectedterms.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三位鼓舞人心的名人。1.Whomadeagreatcontributiontobeautifyinganarea?A．GeorgeWashington.B．WilsonBentley.C．KateSessions.D．WilliamJ.Humphreys.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego”和“thisyoungwomansingle­handedlystartedamovementtransformingthetownintotheleafy,garden­filledplaceasitistoday”可知，KateSessions在将圣地亚哥的一个荒漠小镇变成宜人的地方上作出了巨大贡献。故选C。2.WhatisWilsonBentleyfamousfor?A．Hiscreativeideastopublishbooks.B．Hispersistenceinphotographingsnowflakes.C．Hiscouragetofightagainstprejudice.D．Hisdevotiontoteachingkidsscientifictruths.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容尤其是“WilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosofsnowflakes...”可知，WilsonBentley以坚持拍摄雪花而出名。故选B。3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutGeorgeWashington?A．Hewasanationalhero.B．Hewasbornintoapoorfamily.C．HebecameAmerica'spresidentin1787.D．HeservedthreetermsasthePresidentofAmerica.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“cametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory”可知，他开始意识到宣布从英国独立对殖民地定居者最有利。美国独立战争期间，他带领殖民地的武装力量获得了胜利，即美国获得了独立，由此可推知，他是美国的民族英雄。B(2018·安徽江南十校联考)Whenevertheword“hero”estome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:honorable,hardworking,andhappy.WhenIthinkmoreaboutthisword,Ipicturesomeonewhohasacplishedgoodthingsforpeopleandtriestodotherightthing.HattieElizabethAlexanderisonepersonwhomIfindtobeveryheroic.HattiewasborninBaltimore,Afterhereducation,shepursuedhercareer,andaftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿)dyingfrommeningitis(脑膜炎).Hattiewasverydedicatedtoherworkandhelpedatasmanylocationsasshecould.Spendingsubstantial(大量的)timeinthelaboratory,Hattiesuccessfullydevelopedacureagainstthedisease,whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent.Atthesametime,shewasalsoateacherworkingwithColumbiaShewasacaringladyinterestedinotherpeople'slives.WhenshewasteachingatColumbiaUniversity,othermemberswouldtalktoheraboutstudentsthatwerefailingtheirclasses,andsomehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.Later,HattiebecameaninstructorinPediatricsatNewYorkCity'sHattieismyherobecauseherpositiveattitudeandstrengthhelpedheracplishgreatthingsforothers.Shegavethemherstrengthbydevelopingmedicinesagainstdiseases,which,bydoingso,madethemstronger.ThisiswhatmakesHattieElizabethAlexandermyhero.【文章大意】本文介绍了作者心目中的英雄——哈蒂·伊丽莎白·亚历山大为社会作出的贡献。4.Accordingtothepassage，HattieElizabethAlexander________.A．receivedherBachelor'sDegreeinJohnsB．spentallhertimeinthelaboratorydevelopingcuresforillnessesC．caredalotaboutothers'privatelivesD．alwaystriedherbesttohelppreventstudentsfromdroppingoutofcollege答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。根据文章第四段第二句“...somehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.”可知，哈蒂总会尽最大努力阻止学生辍学。故选D项。5．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．slightlyB．hardlyC．greatlyD．totally答案与解析：C'考查词义猜测。根据文章第三段第一、二句以及第三句中的whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent可推断出，此处指经过哈蒂的付出和努力，幼儿死于脑膜炎的比例大大下降。故推测，drastically意为“大幅度地；彻底地”，与greatly意思相近。故选C项。6．Hattieisconsideredtobeaherobytheauthorinthat________.A．shewasanhonorable,hardworkingandhappypersonB．shewasaverydedicatedwomandoctorwithmanyhonorsC．shewasacaringladywhohelpedmanystudentsfinishcollegeD．shewasthefirstwomanpresidentoftheAPS答案与解析：A'考查推理判断。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者视哈蒂为英雄是因为她是一个品德高尚、勤奋且快乐的人。故选A项。7．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A．AnHonorableWomanB．AWomanAcplishingGreatThingsC．MyHero—HattieElizabethAlexanderD．TheFirstWomanPresidentoftheAPS答案与解析：C'考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是作者心目中的英雄哈蒂·伊丽莎白·亚历山大。故选C项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·南通十校二模)WhenIwasyoung,likeyou,Ihadadream.Butmydreamwasn'tlikethatofan__1__kid.Itwastobethebesttennisplayer__2__simplythebest“female”oneintheworld.__3__，Ihadafamilyencouragingmetofollowmydream.Ilearnedhowimportantitisto__4__adreamandtodreambig.MyfightbeganwhenIwasthreeandIhaven'ttakena__5__since.Buttoooften,mostwomenarenotsupportedorare__6__fromchoosingtheirpath.Ihopeitcouldbechanged.Forme,itwasa__7__ofresilience(坚忍).Whatothersmarkedas__8__aboutme—myrace,mygender—Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess.Ineverletanythingoranyone__9__me.Icontrolledmyfuture.Whenitestoequalpay,itfrustratesme__10__Iknowfirst­handthatgenderdifferencesexist.Iwould__11__wantmydaughtertobepaidlessthanmysonforthesamework.Womenhaveto__12__manybarrierstosuccess.Oneisthatweareconstantly__13__wearenotmen.Peoplecallmeoneofthe“world'sgreatestfemaleathletes”.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes?Weshouldneverletthisgo__14__.Weshouldbejudgedbyourachievementsbutnot__15__.ForeverythingIhaveachieved,Iam__16__tohaveexperiencedthehighsandlowsthate__17__success.Ihopemystorywillbea(n)__18__forwomentofightfortheirdreams.Wemust__19__todreambig,andindoingso,weenablethenextgenerationofwomentobe__20__intheirpursuit.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1．A.ambitiousB．excellentC．averageD．energetic答案与解析：C根据第一段第三句“Itwastobethebesttennisplayer”以及倒数第二段“Peoplecallme...Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“优秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。2．A.insteadofB．regardlessofC．otherthanD．morethan答案与解析：A结合本文主旨以及倒数第二段中的“Peoplecallmeoneofthe‘world'sgreatestfemaleathletes’.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。insteadof“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顾”；otherthan“除了”；morethan“多于，超出”。3．A.HopefullyB．FortunatelyC．ObviouslyD．Generally答案与解析：B'幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己的梦想的家人。此处亦与第三段中的“Buttoooften，mostwomenarenotsupported...”形成对比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明显地”；generally“普遍地”。4．A.makeupB．setupC．careforD．pushfor答案与解析：D'根据下文中的“Myfightbeganwhen...”“fightfortheirdreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。pushfor“为……而努力，力争”。makeup“编造，构成”；setup“设立，建立”；carefor“照顾”。5．A.riskB．leaveC．breakD．chance答案与解析：C'作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此一直从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。6．A.defendedB．excusedC．discouragedD．dismissed答案与解析：C'但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend“保卫，保护”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。7．A.thoughtB．questionC．momentD．bonus答案与解析：B'作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought“想法”；moment“时刻”；bonus“意外收获，奖金”。8．A.disadvantagesB．concernsC．qualificationsD．personalities答案与解析：A'根据下文中的“myrace,mygender”“Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess”可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern“担忧”；qualification“资格”；personality“个性”。9．A.ignoreB．attackC．fortD．limit答案与解析：D'根据下文中的“Icontrolledmyfuture.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit“限制”，符合语境。10．A.althoughB．becauseC．unlessD．if答案与解析：B'当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11．A.everB．evenC．neverD．just答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never“从不，绝不”。12．A.breakdownB．takeafterC．layasideD．putaway答案与解析：A'为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。breakdown“打破，消除”，符合语境。takeafter“追赶，跟踪”；layaside“留存备用，把……放在一边”；putaway“猛吃，积蓄，把……收起来”。13．A.informedB．remindedC．assuredD．criticized答案与解析：B'其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使确信”；criticize“批判”。14．A.unchallenged