2019高考英语一轮复习课时作业14Earthquakes

课时作业(四)必修1Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·湖南六校联考)Aftertheearthquakehadstopped,whentherescuersreachedtheruinsofayoungwoman'shouse,theysawherdeadbodythroughthecracks.Butherposewassomehowstrangethatshekneltonherkneeslikeapersonwasworshipping(礼拜);herbodywasleaningforward,andhertwohandsweresupportedbyanobject.Thecollapsedhousehadcrashedherbackandherhead.Withsomanydifficulties,theleaderoftherescueteamputhishandthroughanarrowgaponthewalltoreachthewoman'sbody.Hewashopingthatthiswomancouldbestillalive.However,thecoldandstiffbodytoldhimthatshehadpassedawayforsure.Heandtherestoftheteamleftthishouseandweregoingtosearchthenextcollapsedbuilding.Forsomereasons,theteamleaderwasdrivenbyapellingforcetogobacktotheruinedhouseofthedeadwoman.Again,hekneltdownandusedhishandthroughthenarrowcrackstosearchthelittlespaceunderthedeadbody.Suddenly,hescreamedwithexcitement，“Achild!Thereisachild！”Thewholeteamworkedtogether;carefullytheyremovedthepilesofruinedobjectsaroundthedeadwoman.Therewasa3­month­oldlittleboywrappedinafloweryblanketunderhismother'sdeadbody.Obviously,thewomanhadmadeasacrificeforsavingherson.Whenherhousewasfalling,sheusedherbodytomakeacovertoprotectherson.Thelittleboywasstillsleepingpeacefullywhentheteamleaderpickedhimup.Themedicaldoctorcamequicklytoexaminethelittleboy.Afterheopenedtheblanket,hesawacellphone.Therewasatextmessageonthescreen.Itsaid,“Ifyoucansurvive,youmustrememberthatIloveyou.”Thiscellphonewaspassedaroundfromonehandtoanother.Everybodythatreadthemessagewept.“Ifyoucansurvive,youmustrememberthatIloveyou.”Suchisthemother'sloveforherchild!【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。地震中一位年轻的妈妈为了保护年幼的儿子，用自己的身体弯出的弧度给了儿子一片安全的地带，并在上留言，表达自己对儿子深深的爱。1.Whydidtheleaderoftherescueteamdecidetoleavethehouse?A．Hedidn'tnoticethewoman.B．Helefttoaskforhelp.C．Heknewshewasdead.D．Thegapwastoonarrowforhishandtogetthrough.答案与解析：C'考查细节理解。【关键句】However，thecoldandstiffbodytoldhimthatshehadpassedawayforsure.(第二段最后一句)译文：然而，冰冷僵硬的身体告诉他她确实已经死了。根据关键句可知，救援队的队长确定这个女人已经死去后决定带队离开。故选C。2.Thereasonwhythewomandiedinsuchastrangeposewasthat________.A．herhandsweresupportedbyanobjectB．theearthquakehappenedwhenshewasworshippingC．herkneeswereseverelyinjuredD．shetriedtoprotectherbabywithherownbody答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。【关键句】Obviously,thewomanhadmadeasacrificeforsavingherson.Whenherhousewasfalling，sheusedherbodytomakeacovertoprotectherson.(第四段第三、四句)译文：显然，这个女人为了救她的儿子做出了牺牲。当她的房子塌下来时，她用自己的身体作掩护来保护她的儿子。根据关键句可知，那个女人用身体弯出弧度来保护自己的儿子，所以死时姿势奇特。故选D。3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AstrangeposeintheruinsB．Arescueteam'sstruggleC．Amother'sloveintheruinsD．Aheart­breakingscene答案与解析：C'考查标题概括。文章主要讲述地震中一位母亲为了保护年幼的儿子，用身体弯出弧度给了儿子一片安全的地带，并在上留言，表达了对儿子深深的母爱。因此C项“废墟中的母爱”能概括全文内容，符合题意。故选C。亮点句积累：Thelittleboywasstillsleepingpeacefullywhentheteamleaderpickedhimup.(倒数第二段最后一句)译文：当队长把小男孩抱起来时，他仍在安稳地睡着。B(2018·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibiotics(抗生素)giventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwo­thirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.However,thedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibiotic­resistantinfections(感染).SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty(贫困),thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAsia,peoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkandothermilkproductsastheydid50yearsago.Tomeettheneed,farmershaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,theeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It'sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually.Nowadays,doctorsfindantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerwork.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightagainstthedrugs.Theheavyuseofantibioticsinfarmanimalsisresponsibleforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibiotic­resistantinfectionsandatleast23,000diefromtheseinfections.Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndtheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.【文章大意】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开。【难句分析】TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty(贫困)，thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter，ratherthanearnmoremoney.分析：本句为复合句。notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句whenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty;theywanttodo为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰thefirstthing;ratherthan连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语。译文：世界卫生组织指出，当人们摆脱贫穷之后，他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点，而不是挣更多的钱。4.Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?A．Thedesirefornewdrugs.B．Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.C．Theoutdatedfarmtechnology.D．Theneedformorevariousfoods.答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.”可知，研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关，故选D项。5.WhatdomostpeoplewanttodofirstwhentheygetridofpovertyaccordingtotheWHO?A．Makingalotofmoney.B．Focusingmoreonhealth.C．Havingmoremeatintheirdiet.D．Livinginabetterenvironment.答案与解析：C'考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivingpoverty(贫困)，thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.”可知，C项正确。6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Antibioticsdoharmtoanimals.B．Antibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthy.C．AntibioticsareusedheavilyinEurope.D．Antibiotic­resistantbacteriaspreadtopeople.答案与解析：D'考查推理判断。结合第四段中的“EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibiotic­resistantinfectionsandatleast23,000diefromtheseinfections.”可推知，抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上，故选D。由第三段中的“It'sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster.”可知，A项表述有误，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.”可知C项表述错误，可排除；B项最具干扰性，因为B项本身是正确的，但是B项是文中的明确信息，不需要推断得出，而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来，所以B项不符合题意。诸如B项这类本身正确，但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的。7.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thenegativeeffectofantibioticsonfarmanimals.B．Theadvantagesofusingantibiotics.C．Thereasonforbanningtheuseofantibiotics.D．Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.答案与解析：A'考查主旨大意。结合文章内容可以看出，本文主要说的是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响，故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五(2018·广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)We'veallexperiencedpeerpressure(同伴压力).Ithappenstoeverybody.However,peoplehavedifferentreactions.Confidentpeoplerefusetodothingstheydon'twanttodo,butshyandanxiouspeopleoftengivein.Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew.__1__.It'shardbeingtheonlyonewhosaysnoandthequestionis:howdoyoudoit?__2__Ifyouthinkthatmissingmaths,orsmoking,orgoingsomewhereyouknowyourparentswouldn'tlikeisabadideathentheanswerissimple:don'tdoit.It'syourdecision,nobodyelse's.Youdon'tneedtobeaggressive.Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,“Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.”Beingonyourownagainsteverybodyelseisveryhard,soitcanreallyhelptohaveatleastoneotherpeer,orfriend,whowillsaynotoo.__3__Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble.Youdon'twantpeoplewhowillalwaysagreewiththemajority.Remember,themostpopularpeoplearen'talwaysthemosttrustworthy.__4__Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.Theycanremendmusicandadviseyouonfashion.Anddon'tforgetyoucantellthemthingstoo,andthatalwaysfeelsgreat.So,findfriendswhohavesimilarinterests.Andremember,friendshipisn'taboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.__5__A．Chooseyourfriendscarefully.B．Firstly,youmustdecidewhatyoubelievein.C．It'saboutsharingexperiencesandhavingfun.D．Ofcourse,peerpressureisn'tpletelybad.E．Itmaybebecausetheywereallborntobestubborn.F．Depressionandguiltwillsurelygiveyoupeerpressure.G．Whateverthereason,somepeopleendupdoingthingstheyreallydon'twanttodo.【文章大意】自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。1．答案与解析：G'根据空前两句“Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem，orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew”可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己，也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故G项符合文意。2．答案与解析：B'根据该段最后两句“Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,‘Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.’”可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故B项符合文意。3．答案与解析：A'根据空后一句“Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故A项与此处匹配。4．答案与解析：D'根