2020-2021学年人教版九年级英语中考总复习语法专项-定语从句讲解以及练习(含答案)

定语从句概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Maryisabeautifulgirl.形容词作定语Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句关系词作用代替先行词;它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Theyarestudentswhowearuniforms.关系词判断步骤:如果先行词是指人,从句中缺成分，关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,从句中缺成分，关系代词可用which或that;如果主从句均完整，则选用关系副词whenwherewhy关系代词副词作用先行词例句that，who，whom(只做宾语)主语宾语表语人Doyouknowthegirlunderatree?that，which主语宾语表语物、时间、地点、原因Shegotacomputerwhich／thatherparentsboughtforherwhose定语人、物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhardwhen状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijingwhere状语地点Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks．why状语原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.3．who,whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情况：1．在介词后只用which，不能用that。Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况：1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山。2．先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。3.先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时只能用that。HereareallthebooksthatIhave.这就是我所有的书。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4．先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6．先行词是theone时，只能用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的。7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用：1．when指时间：Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2．where指地点(where=in等介词＋which)：Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.这是他去年住的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有许多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecarisMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。练习题一、用合适的关系词完成句子。Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.【答案】who/thatwho/that/whom/不填whosewhoseWhich/thatWhich/that/不填Who/that/whom/不填WhyWherewhen

二、单项选择（）1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?

-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

（）2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone（）3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

（）4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?

A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit

C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

（）5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

A.whichagreesB.whoagree

C.whoagreesD.whichagree（）6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

A.thatB.itC.whichwho（）

7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

A.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.

（）8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

（）

9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

（）10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.

A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive

C.whereweliveinD.welivein（）11.Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose（）12.Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom（）13.ShaolinTemple_______liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what（）14.—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?—Sheismylittlesister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which（）15.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when（）16.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whose（）17.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom（）18.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.A.whichB./C.whomD.who（）19.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom（）20.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom（）21.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what（）22.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?A.thatB.whenC.where（）23.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.A.whenB.whichC.what（）24.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who（）25.—Therearemanyvolunteers_______arehelpingthechildreni