Unit1FaceValues重点单词短语句型必背清单-高中英语选择性

寒假预习必背清单选择性必修第三册U1（重点单词、短语、句型）U1FaceValues一．重点单词英汉互译1.v.促进，推动2.v.假装，装作3.n.(大学里的)学生宿舍楼4.n.(尤指大学里的)室友5.v.(使)苦恼6.n.小说家7.adj.自我批评的，自我批判的8.pilln.9.welfaren.10.findingn.11.accentn.12.repayv.13.defectn.14passionn.答案：1.boostv.2.pretend3.dormitory4.roommate5.bother6.novelist__7.self－critical_8.pilln.药丸，药片9.welfaren.帮助；福利10.findingn.研究的结果；发现11.accentn.口音12.repayv.报答13.defectn.缺点，缺陷，毛病14passionn.怜悯；同情二．重点单词词形变换1.largeadj.大的；大规模的，大量的；大型号的→adv.在很大程度上；多半；主要地→v.(使)增大，扩大2.obsessv.使痴迷；使迷恋；使着迷→adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的(含贬义)3.misjudgev.对(人或情况)判断错误→n.判断错误，判断不公，估计错误4.identicaladj.完全相同的；非常相似的→adv.同一地，相等地5.acknowledgev.承认(某事属实或某情况存在)→n.承认；感谢；收件复函6.assumev.假设，认为；承担(责任)；获得(权利)；呈现；假装→adj.假定的；假设的；假装的→____________n.假定，假设7.savev.救助；储蓄；节约；保存；收集；使免受→n.积蓄8.loyaladj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的→n.忠诚，忠实；忠心9.gracen.优美，优雅；文雅，高雅→adj.优美的，优雅的→adv.优美地；优雅地；雅致地10.defectn.缺点，缺陷，毛病→adj.有缺点的；有缺陷的；有毛病的11prehendv.理解，领悟→adj.全面的；综合性的→n.理解(力)12.heartbreakingadj.令人悲伤的→adj.极为悲伤的；心碎的13.expressv.表达，表示；快递adj.明确的；特快的n.特快列车；长途汽车；快递服务→n.表情；神色14.profoundadj.(感情)强烈的，深切的→adv.极大地；深刻地15.tenderadj.嫩的；柔软的；温柔的；亲切的→n.柔情16.skinn.皮肤→adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的答案：1.largelyenlarge2.obsessive3.misjudgment4.identically5.acknowledgement6.assumedassumption7.saving8.loyalty9.gracefulgracefully10.defective11prehensiveprehension12.heartbroken13.expression14.profoundly15.tenderness16.skinny三．重点短语英汉互译1.依据，按照，在……方面2._给……留下印象3.从头到脚4.保持健康5.缺乏，缺少6.成名，获得声誉7.sentencesbtodeath8.attempttodosth9.makeaneffort/efforts10.outofmercy11pare...to...12.apointofhonour13.增加某人的信心14.详述；细说15.假装要做某事16.(某人)无法理解17.承认做(过)某事18.对……忠诚19.beidenticalto20.bothersbwith/aboutsth21.resemblesb/sthin...22.fromtimetotime答案：1.in__terms__of2.leave__an__impression__on__3.from__head__to__toe4.keep__fit5.a__lack__of6.find__fame7.判处某人死刑8.试图做某事9.努力10.出于怜悯11.把……和……相比12.事关名誉的大事13.boost__one’s__confidence14.enlarge__on/upon15.pretend__to__do__sth__16.beyond__(one’s)__prehension17.acknowledge__doing/having__done__sth18.be__loyal__to19.和……一样，与……一致20.为某事打扰或麻烦某人21..在……方面与某人/某物相似22.不时，偶尔四．重点句型1.那就是我永远无法理解我妹妹的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上不能决定用哪一支。(that’swhy)，whohas17lipsticksandcan’tdecidewhichonetouseeverymorning.2.埃斯梅拉达待在教堂里，就可以免于被处决的危险……(aslongas)Esmeraldaissafefromexecution...3.他是第一个打破沉默的人。(the＋序数词＋todo)Hewas.4.我从来没有像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。(never置于句首引起的倒装句)myuglinessasatthepresentmoment.5.正如《丑女贝蒂》中的那首歌所唱的，“这是一个属于漂亮的人的世界”。(as引导方式状语从句)，“It’saprettyperson’sworld”.6.他假装没听见我刚才说的话，继续往前走。(pretend)HewhatIsaidjustnow，andkeptonwalking.7.我很抱歉在这样的一个场合提出这么多问题来打扰你。(bother)I’mverysorrytoonsuchanoccasion.8.这些措施将扩大学生的视野，激发他们丰富的想象力。(enlarge)Themeasureswillandarousetheirrichimagination.9.很难把这种植物和其他的区分开来，因为它的外形很像草。(resemble)It’sdifficulttotelltheplantfromothersbecause.答案:1.That’s__why__I__could__never__understand__my__sister2.as__long__as__she__stays__inside__the__cathedral3.the__first__to__break__the__silence4.Never__have__I__viewed5.As__a__song__in__Ugly__Betty____puts__it6.pretended__not__to__hear7.have__bothered__you__with/about__so__many__questions8.enlarge__students’__horizon9.it__resembles__grass__in__appearance五．小试牛刀一、阅读理解Wesmilebecausewearehappy,andwefrownbecausewearesad.Recentstudiessuggestthatouremotionsaredrivenbytheirrelatedfacialexpressions.ThisFebruarypsychologistsattheUniversityofCardiffinWalesfoundthatpeoplewhoseabilitytofrownislessenedbybotoxinjections(肉毒杆菌注射)arehappier,onaverage,thanpeoplewhocanfrown.Theresearchersadministeredananxietyanddepressionquestionnaireto25females,halfofwhomhadreceivedbotoxinjectionstostopfrowning.Thebotoxinjectedpeoplereportedfeelinghappierandlessanxiousingeneral.InarelatedstudyfromMarch,scientistsattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichfoundthatthebotoxsubjectshadmuchloweractivityinthebraincircuits(回路)involvedinemotionalprocessingandresponses—intheamygdala,hypothalamusandotherpartsofthebrain—asparedwithcontrolswhohadnotreceivedtreatment.Theconceptworkstheoppositeway,too.Peoplewhofrownduringanunpleasantprocedurereportfeelingmorepainthanthosewhodonot,accordingtoastudypublishedinMay2008intheJournalofPain.Researchersappliedheattotheforearmsof29participants,whowereaskedtoeithermakeunhappy,neutralorrelaxedfacesduringtheprocedure.Thosewhoexhibitednegativeexpressionsreportedbeinginmorepainthantheothertwogroups.Nooneyetknowswhyourfacialexpressionsinfluenceouremotionsastheyseemto.Theassociationsinourmindbetweenhowwefeelandhowwereactmaybesostrongthatourexpressionssimplyendupstrengthenouremotions—theremaybenoevolutionaryreasonfortheconnection.1．WhatcanweknowabouttheresultofthestudyfromParagraph2?A．Theabilitytofrownshouldbestoppedbyinjection.B．Lessfrownsmakepeoplehappier.C．Womenlovetofrownandfeelsad.D．Halfwomenhavenoabilitytofeelhappy.2．Whatdidscientistsdointherelatedstudies?A．Theyaskedtheparticipantstofrownorsmile.B．Theycopiedtheexpressionsoftheparticipants.C．Theyaskedtheparticipantstostaynegative.D．Theyexposedtheparticipantstoheat.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“neutral”inParagraph4mean?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Calm.4．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Facialexpressionsinfluenceouremotions.B．Facialexpressionsaredrivenbyemotions.C．Whypeoplefeelhappyandfrown.D．Botoxinjectionisusefulandmeaningful.二、语法填空语法填空AsasonginUglyBettyputsit,“It’saprettyperson’sworld”.Jadeisagirl5lovestolookgood.Nowshebees6(addict)toselfiesandeverydayspendshours7(edit)herselfies,postingthemandeagerlycheckingherphoneahundredtimesforments.Anthonyhasneverreallycared8hisappearanceuntillastmonthhisroommatesregisteredhimforaTVprogramme,ANewYou.Forthefirsttimeinhislifehesaw9(he)asahandsomeandwell­presentedyoungman.Atthatmoment,heperceivedthatexternalbeautyisn’t10(total)worthless,foritcanbeanexpressionofourpersonalities.EversinceEmmawaslittle,she11(be)largerthanothergirls.Heranxietydrovehertotryeverymeanspossible12(lose)weight,includingdietingandweight­losspills.Influencedbyaplus­sizemodel,TessHolliday,sherealisedthatherhealth,mentalandphysical,isthemostimportantthing.DrHartthinksobsessiveonlinephotoeditingindicatesalackofself­confidenceandadesireforattention.It’struethatinnerbeautyisveryimportant,13externalbeautyshouldn’tbepletelyoverlooked.Beinghealthyisbeautiful,andweshouldwearthatbeautywith14(confident).参考答案：1．B2．D3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是研究发现人们的表情也会影响人们的心情。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThisFebruarypsychologistsattheUniversityofCardiffinWalesfoundthatpeoplewhoseabilitytofrownislessenedbybotoxinjections(肉毒杆菌注射)arehappier,onaverage,thanpeoplewhocanfrown.(今年2月，英国威尔士加的夫大学的心理学家发现，注射肉毒杆菌减轻皱眉能力的人比皱眉的人更快乐)”可知，研究发现，注射肉毒杆菌减轻皱眉能力的人比皱眉的人更快乐。由此可知，研究结果发现少皱眉让人更快乐。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchersappliedheattotheforearmsof29participants,whowereaskedtoeithermakeunhappy,neutralorrelaxedfacesduringtheprocedure.(研究人员对29名参与者的前臂进行加热，要求他们在实验过程中做出不开心、中性或放松的表情)”可知，研究人员给29名参与者的前臂加热。由此可知，科学家在相关研究中让参与者接触热量。故选D项。3．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Thosewhoexhibitednegativeexpressionsreportedbeinginmorepainthantheothertwogroups.”可知，那些表现出消极表情的人比其他两组更痛苦，划线单词前表示“消极的”表情的人，划线单词后表达的是“放松的”表情的人，所以划线单词应为第三种表情的人，此处应为介于“消极的”与“放松的”表情之间，结合选项可推测neutral为“中性的，中立的”（不带感情色彩），与calm意义相近。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Wesmilebecausewearehappy,andwefrownbecausewearesad.Recentstudiessuggestthatouremotionsaredrivenbytheirrelatedfacialexpressions.(我们微笑是因为我们快乐，我们皱眉是因为我们悲伤。最近的研究表明，我们的情绪是由相关的面部表情驱动的)”可知，研究发现，我们的情绪是有相关的表情驱动的，结合下文中宏对该研究的分析可知，本文主要介绍的是人们的表情也会影响人们的心情。故选A项。5．who/that6．addicted7．editing8．about9．himself10．totally11．hasbeen12．tolose13．but14．confidence【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过介绍三位青少年对待美的看法来说明我们应如何学会欣赏自己的美。5．考查定语从句。句意：Jade是一个喜欢打扮自己的女孩。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，先行词是girl，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。6．考查形容词。句意：现在她对自拍上瘾了，每天花几个小时编辑自己的自拍，发布出来，然后急切地查看上百次，等待评论。分析句