2022-2023学年湖北省荆州市沙市中学高三（上）月考英语试卷（10月）（附答案详解）

2022・2023学年湖北省荆州市沙市中学高三（上）月考英语试卷

（10月）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

MostHelpfulAppsforStudentsThere'salmostanappforeverythingnowadays,andthiscanmake

sludentlifeeasier,cheaper,saferandmorefun.Whetheryouwanthelpwithtakingnotes,revising,waking

upontimeorkeepingfit,readonforourstudentapppicks.

Lecturerecordingapps

Justafewyearsago,studentsattendinglectureswouldhavetospendtheentiretimewritingwildlyon

notepads,inordernottomissanyvitalbitofinformation.Thenalongcametechnology,andnow.lecture

recordingappsareareality.

SoundNoteisapopularlecturerecordingappforiPadusers.Youcanstoreanentirelectureinboth

visualandaudioform.OthergoodqualitylecturerecordingappsincludeNotesPlusandAudioMemos

Free—TheVoiceRecorder.

Studentplannerapps

Organizationiskeyforsuccessandwell-beingatuniversity,andstudentplannerappsarebecoming

increasinglypopular.Aswellassavingonpaper,manystudentplannerappsalsosendremindersand

warningsstraighttoyourphoneordevice.PopularstudentplannerappsincludeTimetable,MyClass

ScheduleandClassTimetable.

Studentsafetyapps

Anumberofappsforstudentshavebeendevelopedpromotingpersonalsafetyifoutaloneatnight.The

CiiulcofSixappispailiculail）useful（orlocatinglostfriendsunni^lilsoulandalsoallowsuserstosend

theircircleofsixfriendsaninstantcallforhelpatthetouchofabutton.TheGPStrackerwillmarkyour

locationonyourfriends'devices,ensuringyou'llalwaysbeabletofindoneanotherifnecessary.Other

studentappsthatpromotesafetyincludebSafeandReactMobile.

Healthyeatingapps

Ifyou'reinterestedineatinghealthilywhilekeepingtoastudentbudget,considerdownloadingafew

healthyeatingapps.ExamplesI'vecomeacrosswhichareperfectappstorstudentsincludeRockinRamen,

astudentappfeaturinganumberofnutritiousrecipeswithRamenasamainingredient,andMealBoard,

anappwhichplanshealthymeals,groceryshopsandrecipesbasedonwhatyou'vegotin(hefridge.

1.Whichappssendreminderstousers?

A.Studentplannerapps.B.Lecturerecordingapps.

C.Studentsafetyapps.D.Healthyeatingapps.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCircleofSixapp?

A.Itallowsuserstoseekhelpduringanemergency.

B.Itencouragesusers(ocommunicatewithfriends.

C.Itenablesuserstostoreanentirelecture.

D.Ithelpsuserstoleadahealthylife.

3.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.categorizeappsR.introduceapps

C.evaluateappsD.compareapps

B

In1939,seven-year-oldMariamSchreibershouldhavestartedfirstgrade.Instead,shespentthat

year—andthefollowingfive—tryingtosurvive.ShewaslivinginPolandwhenWorldWarIIbrokeout.

"Myentirelifewasruinedwithinminutes,"shesays."Iwaslookingforwardtostartingschool."Shenever

madeit.Andnothavingadegreehasalwaysbeenathorninherside.

Decadeslater,though,thenow-89-year-oldHolocaustsunivorfinallygotsomethingshehadalways

longedfor.KapiloffBrandcr.directorofcommunityprogramsatJewishFamilyServices,reachedoutto

theNewEnglandJewishAcademy,aJewishhighschool,toaskwhethertheschoolcouldhelpMariani

fulfillherwish.RichardNabel,theprincipaloftheschool,broughtafewseniorstudentstoMariam'shome

tohearherstorybeforetheycameupwiththeideaofpresentingheranhonorarydiplomaat(heschool's

2020graduationceremony.

MariamsufferedalotinaslavelaborcampinSiberiabeforeshegotliberatedin1946.Sheandher

remainingfamilymemberswenttoarefugeecampinGermany,whereshegotmarriedandhadherfirst

childattheageof16.Havingspentyearsinrefugeecampsindifferentcountries,shefinallyimmigratedto

AmericainI960.Gettingaformaleducationwasneveranoptionforherbutshelearnedsevenlanguages

overtheyears."Ieducatedmyself,"shesays."Ireadbooksdayandnight.Istilldo."

OnAugust16,duringasociallydistancedceremonyintheschoolgym,Mariamwaspresentedwitha

highschooldiplomafromtheNewEnglandJewishAcademy."Thereweren'ttoomanydryeyesamong

the30ofusthere,"saysNabeLMariam'sfamilywasespeciallymoved."I'mnotsuresheevenrealizesthe

importanceofthatmomenttome,"saysBernie,hereldestson."Iamsoproudofher."

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMariamfromparagraph1?

A.Sheregrettednotbeingeducatedatschool.

B.Shestartedfirstgradeattheageofseven.

C.ShefeltluckytohavesurvivedWorldWarII.

D.ShespentfiveyearsinPolandduringthewar.

5.HowdidMariamgetherlong-cherishedwishfulfilled?

A.Shemadeitthroughherownefforts.

R.SheturnedtoKapiloffBrandcrforhelp.

C.Theseniorstudentsthemselvespresentedadiplomatoher.

D.RichardNabellearnedaboutherstoryanddecided（ohelp.

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMariam?

A.Educated.B.Intelligent.C.Determined.D.Patient.

7.WhatdidNabelmeanbysaying"Thereweren'ttoomanydryeyes"?

A.Mariam'sstorywasordinarybutinspiring.

B.Mostofthosepresentweredeeplytouched.

C.HewasimpressedbyMariamandwasproudofher.

D.HefellhonoredtopresentMariamwithadiploma.

c

Anewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshow（hemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecor.tributed

tothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledby（heAmericanMuseumofNatural

History,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.The

findingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareas

nexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.

ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor（藏匿）morediversitythananyother

ecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome（生物群落）containingabout18percentof

alltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwater(hanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.

ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseand

accumulated.

"EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesand

birdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,"saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMusher.

"Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarchighlydynamic,moving

aroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortens

ofthousandsofyears."

Toinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationof

birdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonian

birds.

Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhave

varyingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneach

sidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavea

longer(imetodivergefromoneanother.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spur"inParagraph1mean?

A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.

9.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?

A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.

B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversitywasformed.

C.WhethertheAmazonhas(herichestbiodiversity.

D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.

10.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords?

A.TherearcsixspeciescfAinciiuanbiids.

B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.

C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.

D.Rivermovementmayleadto(heAmazon'sbiodiversity.

11.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?

A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.

C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.

D

Manylivestockfarmers（4攵t勿主）inthewesternworldarebecomingworriedbyalonger-termthreatto

theirincomefromthegrowingpopularityofvegetarian（素食的）diets.Herecomesthequestionwhether

toeatmeatornot.Beforeairingourview,weshouldconsiderseriouslythethreereasonsthatvegetarians

giveforrefusinganimalproducts.

Theeasiestpointtoargueagainstisthateatingmeatisunhealthy.Nothingishealthier（hanavaried

diet,includingfiber,vegetable,fruitandmeat.Althoughstudiesshowthateatingredandprocessedmeat

mayraisetheriskofsoniccancers,itisimportantnottooverstatetheeffect.Thisweek,forexample.

CancerResearchUKreportedthateatinganextrapieceofbaconeverydayraised（heriskofbowelcancer

by20percent.Butthatmeansjusteightextra（largelycurable）casesinevery10.000peopleoversixyears.

Ourtreatmentoffarmanimalsisanissuethatvegetariansfindmoretroubling.Acommonviewisthat

raisinganimalsinasmallareacauseunacceptablesuffering.Inthisregard,agriculturalauthoritiesshould

takeuptheresponsibilitytoenforcewelfarestandardsthatgiveeachanimalenoughspacetostandand

movearoundcomfortably.Also,consumershaveanimportantroletoplayinimprovingconditionsfor

farmanimals.Forexample,thedislikeof"batteryhens"ledtoanEUbanin2012onkeepingchickensin

barrencages.

Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.TheUNFoodand

AgricultureOrganizationestimatesthatfarmedanimalsaccountfor14.5%ofgreenhousegasemission.

Althoughchangesingrazing（放牧）practicescouldsubstantiallyreducetheenvironmenialimpactof

livestockfarming,itwillalwaysusemoreresourcesthanproducingthesamenumberofcaloricsfrom

plantcrops.Meatproductionshouldincusontheworld'straditionalgrasslands,withouttakingupnew

land.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOT（hereasonagainstanimalproductsgivenbyvegetarians?

A.Itharmshumanhealth.

B.Itcausesanimalsuffering.

C.Itdamagestheenvironment.

D.Itthreatenstheincomeoffarmers.

13.WhydoestheauthormentionthereportfromCancerResearchUKinparagraph2?

A.Toprove(hateatingtoomuchmeatisunhealthy.

B.Topersuadepeopleoutofeatingtoomuchmeat.

C.Toshowthateatingmeatisnotasunhealthyasvegetariansthink.

D.Topresentthefactthateatingtoomuchbaconmaycausecancer.

14.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsraisinganimalsinasmallarea?

A.Favorable.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Unclear.

15.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thechangesinfeedingpractices.

B.Thechallengesthatlivestockfarmingfaces.

C.Thenegativeeffectsoflivestockfarmingontheenvironment.

D.Themeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarming.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Examsareanimportanttypeofassessmentalmostallstudentswillneedtoundertake.Thebestwayto

studyisnottorecitei(allinhoursorminutesbeforeanexam.Examstressaffectsmoststudentsinvarious

ways.⑴

Howdoyoufacesuchanimportantday?Ifyouhavenotbeenabletostudythecompletecontentstill

now,don'tlongtofinishitall.(2)Inyourbag,collectallyoursuppliessuchaspencils,severalpensand

otherimportantwritingmaterials.Putthebagandeverythingelsethatyoumightneedinoneplace.This

willhelptoreduceyourworriesinthemorning.

Whenyouarriveat(hehali,surroundyourselfwithfriendswhoaresupportiveorjustgothroughyour

notesquietly.Alwaysmakeitapointtostudythesubjectswhichyoufindeasiertolearn

first.⑶Therefore,donotgoroundaskingcrazilyfbrtheanswer.Thiswilljustupsetyouandsendyou

intopanicmode.

(4)Beforetheexaminationstarts,makesureyourquestionpaperiscomplete.Readtheinstructions

carefully.Settletheeasyquestionsfirst.Divideyourtimecarefullyforeachquestionandmoveontothe

nextquestionevenifyouhavenotfinishedthefirst.

Finally,aftereachpaper,gohomeandrest.Donotworryaboutwhatyoucouldhavedoneorhaven't

done.Trynottodiscusstheanswerswithyourfriends.⑸

A.1'rytorelaxandremembertotilltheanswer.

B.Whenyouareintheexaminationroom,followthesesteps.

C.You'llbeaffectedifyoudonotknowtheanswertoanytopic.

D.Firstly,prepareatestkitforthedurationofyourexamination.

E.Youshouldnotallowanythingtoupsettherestoftheexamination.

F.Manystudentsarcnervouswhentheyarcfacingtheirfirstexamination.

G.Itisimportanttomanagethisstressandfindwaysofhelpingtoreduceit.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共"小题，共22.5分)

Whenfacedwithapandemic,peoplemaybecomemoreforgiving.Forme,thishasbecomeatime

to(21)myestranged(疏远的)father.

WhentheCOVID-19lockdownstarted,mythoughtsturned(omyfatherI(22)know.He'd

separatedfrommymotherwhenIwasababy,andnever(23)muchevenaftermymotherdied.Battling

adrugaddiction,he'dendedupinjail.Iadmitthatmy(24)was"reallyugly"whenhetriedtocontact

meinniyyoungadullhoud.

Thirteenyearson,thearrivalofthepandemicmademe(25)ourrelationshipagain.Ididn'twant

anotheroneofmyfamiliesnot:obehere.Nowhe,whohaslong(26)thehabitoftakingdrugs,worksas

apizzadeliverymaninFlorida.Knowingthathehastoleavehishouseand(27)fbrajobduringthe

pandemic,IrealizedthatIhadtomakethings(28)withoutanydelay.Afewdaysago,Icalledhim

to(29)formynoacceptinghim.Meanwhile,Iwasscaredhewould(30)me.However,whenwegot

onbacelimetogether,hissmilewasjustso(31).Weweremirrorsofeachothersmilingatoneanother.

Anditwasagood(32).

Itookourpreviousfathe-daughterrelationforgranted.However,iheCOVID-19crisishasledmeto

reconsiderwhat'sthemost(33)inmylife—thesecurityandaffectionofthefamily-andmademy

effortsto(34)andreconnectwitheachother.

Whenpeoplecutoffcontactwithafamilymember,itmaynotbegoingtobepermanent.

Unexpectedly,thevirus(35)thattimciinc.

21.A.stayawayfromB.getusedtoC.makeupwithD.keeppace

with

22.A.barelyB.mostlyC.merelyD.definilely

23.A.presentedB.regrettedC.appearedD.achieved

24.A.commentB.adventureC.requirementD.response

25.A.disconnectR.evaluateC.decreaseD.discover

26.A.kickedB.formedC.keptD.developed

27.A.identityB.hobbyC.privacyD.safety

28.A.stableB.rightC.creativeD.simple

29.A.replyB.apologizeC.stressD.appeal

30.A.praiseB.approveC.rejectD.arrange

31.A.mysteriousB.uniqueC.funnyD.bright

32.A.conclusionB.treatmentC.encounterD.conversation

33.A.toughB.significantC.seriousD.positive

34.A.admireB.ignoreC.forgiveD.appreciate

35.A.shortenedB.extendedC.drewD.measured

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Chinahastheworld'slargestnumberofworldnaturalheritagesites,accordingtotheNational

ForestryandGrasslandAdministration.Thecountryisnowhome⑴14worldnaturalheritage

sitesandfourmixedsites,(2)arenotedfbrbothculturalandnaturalfeatures,bothleadingthe

worldintermsofquantity,theadministrationsaid.

Theseheritagesites(3)(effective)protectedChina'srepresentativegeologicalrelics,

mountains,forestsandlakes,alongwiththerareand(4)(endanger)animalandplantspecies,the

administrationsaidFridayat⑸newsconferenceregardingculturalandnaturalheritageday,

which⑹(fall)onJune8.

Inthepastfewyears,thecountry⑺(enhance)legal,andtechnologicalsupportofthe

protectionofitsworldnaturalheritage,establishingamanagementsystemwithChinese

characteristics.China'sworldheritagehascontributedtothecountry'ssocioeconomic

development⑻presenteditsimagetotheworld.Theseareashavealsoplayedanimponantrole

intheprotectionofculturalrelics,intangibleculturalheritageandhistoriccities,townsand

villages,⑼(bring)inover14billionyuaninaverageannualtourismincomefor(10)(local).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、任务型读写(本大题共1小题，共25.0分)

37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Thelittlecarwascrowdedwithkids:mybrothersandsisters.Wefought,debatedandcried,

makingmuchnoise.Beingpailofabigfamilywasreallystartingtoannoyme.Forexample,my

biulhcisandsistersknockedonthebaliiiuuindourall11iclinic.HowIwauledLubelliconlyuiiildin

myfamily.

Asthecarrolleddownthesmallroad,mymomsaidcheerfully,"Thepoolisthreeminutesaway.

You'llhavemuchtime(oswim."Swimmingwasapeacefulactivity.Icouldfloatonmybackand

lookalthesky.IcouldpretendIwastheonlypersonin(heworld.Momparked(hecarbesideasmall

rowofothercars."Oneatatime,"sheyelledbeforethecardoorsopened.Nobodylistened.Thecar

doorsallflewopenatonce.Afterpushing,yellingandcrying,wecameout.

Iquicklypulledoffmyjeans,T-shirt,socksandshoes,andfinallyputonmyswimsuit."Yeah!"I

yelledasIjumpedintothebignaturalpoolwithsmallstonesonitsfloor.Coldwaterstruckmyface.

Iputmyheadunderthewater,whichshotupmynose.Afterstandingupagain,Idroppedbackward

intothewaterandbegantofloat.Thewatersataroundmycars,smoothandsilent.Thesunwarmed

myface.

1waslikealeaffloatinginalargepoolpeacefully.Everythingwassilentunderwater.Forthe

moment,Ifelt1wastheonlychildthere.Ididn'thavetosharethingslikesnackswithotherkids.My

stomachmadeanoiseat（hethoughtoffood.Hadn'tMompackedahugebagofchipsforoursnack?

Istooduptowalktoshore.

Oh!Darksandywatersuddenlyfilledmymouthandcoveredmyhead.Therockygroundwas

gone;Iwaspushedintothedeep,darkwater.Itriedtokicktothesurface.Asmyfacepeekedoul（微

露出）fromunderthewater,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtoswimandleavethedeepwater.Butit

didn'twork.Ionlyknewhowtofloat.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Thewaterclosedovermyheadagain.

Paragraph2:

Icouldfeelmybodymovingupwardasafamiliarhandstartedtopullmethroughthewater.

、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

38.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter对中国书法很感兴趣，并想学习它，发来邮件希望你

给他一些指导。请回复一封邮件，内容包括：

1.你的建议；

2.你的祝愿。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：书法calligmphy

DearPeter,

Yours,

LiHua

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】A、A、B

【解析】L【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款对于学生来讲最好用的应用软件。

根据第四段中的Aswellassavingonpaper,manystudentplannerappsalsosendremindersand

warningsstraighttoyourphoneordevice.（除了节省纸张，许多学生计划应用程序还会直接向你的

手机或设备发送提醒和警告。）可知，很多学生计划软件也可以直接向你的手机或设备发送提醒

和警告，A项Studentplannerapps切题。故选A。

2.根据第五段中的TheCircleofSixappisparticularlyusefulforlocatinglostfriendsonnightsoutand

alsoallowsuserstosendtheircircleofsixfriendsaninstantcallforhelpatthetouchofabutton.（The

CircleofSix应用软件对于定々在夜间迷路的朋友很有用，并且允许使用者按一个按钮就可以给使

用TheCircleofSix的朋友发即时求救）可知，A项（它允许用户在紧急情况卜寻求帮助。）切合

题意。故选A。

3.文章的第一段是主题段。作者在这一段中首先从整体上介绍了学生使用手机应用软件的益处，

然后在下面的儿段中具体介绍了每个应用软件的特点，因此B项符合题意。故选B。

4〜7.【答案】A、D、C、B

【解析】1.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了89岁的二战大屠杀幸存者Miriam的

求学故事。战争的爆发使得她失去了上学的机会，战争时期的苦难没有打倒她，她一直坚持自学，

读书，她的故事感动了新英格兰犹太学院，授予了她荣誉文凭，帮她完成了夙愿。

根据文章第一段内容"Iwaslookingforwardtostartingschool,"Shenevermadeit.Andnothavinga

degreehasalwaysbeenathorninherside.（“我很期待开学。“她没能成功。没有学位一直是她心

中的刺。）可知，她一直期待去上学，但是却因为战争没能上学，这是令她感到遗憾的。故选A。

2.根据文章第二段中的RichardNabel,theprincipaloftheschool,broughtafewseniorstudentsto

Mariam'shometohearherstorybeforetheycameupwiththeideaofpresentingheranhonorarydiploma

at（heschool's2020graduationceremony.（该校校长RichardNabel带了几名高年级学生去Miriam家

听她的故事，然后他们想出了在学校2020年毕业典礼上授予她荣誉文凭的主意。）可知，校长了

解了Miriam的故事后，决定给与她荣誉文凭，完成她的梦想。故选D。

3.根据文章第三段中的Gettingaformaleducationwasneveranoptionforherbutshelearnedseven

languagesovertheyears."Icdjcatcdmyself,"shesays."1readbooksdayandnight.Istilldo.":接受正

规教育从来都不是她的选择，但多年来她学会了7种语言。“我自学了，”她说。“我日夜读书。

我现在仍然这样。”）可知，虽然不能接受正规教育，但Miriam仍然坚持学习，读书，由此可推

知，她是一个有决心的人。故选C。

4.根据前文OnAugust16,duringasociallydistancedceremonyintheschoolgym,Mariamwas

presentedwithahighschooldiplomafromtheNewEnglandJewishAcademy.（8月16日，在学校体

育馆举行的一个社交疏远的仪式上,Miriam被授予了新英格兰犹太学院的高中文凭。）可知，“eyes

应是指代参加了这个仪式的人，结合主人公Miriam的故事以及后文Mariam,sfamilywasespecially

moved（Miriam的家人特别感动。）可知，她能够得到文凭是令人感动的，因此可推知，句子“There

weren'ttoomanydryeyesn应是表达“很多人都很感动”含义。故选B。

8〜II.【答案】A、B、D、C

【解析】I.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了亚马逊河流流动对该地区生物多样性的

贡献。

根据戈（I线处上文AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowihcmovementsofriversintheAmazon

havecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.（一项针对鸟类的新研究调查了亚马逊

河的流动是如何促成该地区丰凡的生物多样性的。）和划线单词所在句子Theresearch（earn,ledby

theAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,

theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.（由美国自然历史博物馆领导的研究小组发现，随着时间的推

移，小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化。）可知，亚马逊河的流动促成该地区非

凡的生物多样性，这说明小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化，由此可知，spur可

以解释为“导致、引起”,再往深一点是“刺激了”物种的进化。'Stimulate刺激;B.Renew翻

新、更新；A.Pursue追求；D.Interrupt打断。故选A。

2.根据第二段最后句ReseaichershavelongwundeiedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'slich

biodiversityaroseandaccumulated.（长期以来，研究人员一直想知道并激烈争论亚马逊丰富的生物

多样性是如何产生和积累的。）可知，调查者们正在争论的是亚马逊河流丰富的生物多样性是如

何形成并累积的，故选B。

3.根据第三段内容（该研究的主要作者LukasMushcr说：MAlfredRusselWallace等早期进化生物

学家注意到，亚马逊河两岸的许多灵长类动物和鸟类物种不同。”“此外，越来越多的地质证据

表明，这些河流是高度动态的，在相对较短的时间内，在数千年或数万年的时间内，在南美洲的

景观中流动。”）可知，LukasMusher将这两件事关联起来，他认为是亚马逊河的流动导致了河

两岸丰富的生物多样性。故选D。

4.根据最后•段中的whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecan

combinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertime

todivergefromoneanother.（当河流快速重新排列时，两边的鸟类种群在它们有时间变化之前就会

结合在一起；当河流变化缓慢时，物种有更长的时间互相分化。）可知，高速的河流会导致物种

组合，低速的河流会导致物种的差距越来越大。所以，影响鸟类种类改变的因素是河流的流速，

故选C。

12〜15.【答案】D、C、B、C

【解析】1.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了素食主义者拒绝动物产品的三个原因。

根据第二段中的Theeasiestpointtoargueagainstisthateatingmeatisunhealthy.（最容易反驳的观点

是吃肉是不健康的。）,第三段中的Ourtreatmentoffarmanimalsisanissuethatvegetariansfindmore

troubling.（我们对待农场动物的方式是素食主义者认为更令人不安的一个问题。）以及第四段中

的Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.（畜牧业对环境的

影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）可知，素食主义者拒绝肉食的原因不包括D项“它威胁到农

民的收入”。故选D。

2.根据第二段中的Butthatmeansjusteightextra（largelycurable）casesinevery10,000peopleoversix

years.（但这意味着在6年的时间里，每1万人中只会增加8例（大部分是可以治愈的）病例。）

可知，该段提出这个报告的目的是证明吃肉并不像素食者想象的那样不健康。故选C。

3.根据第三段中的Acommonviewisthatraisinganimalsinasmallareacauseunacceptablesuffering.

Inthisregard,agriculturalauthoritiesshouldtakeuptheresponsibilitytoenforcewelfarestandardsthat

giveeachanimalenoughspacetostandandmovearoundcomfortably.（•个普遍的观点是，在小范围

内饲养动物会造成不可接受的痛苦。在这方面，农业当局应当承担责任，执行福利标准，使每头

牲畜有足够的空间舒适地站V和移动。）可知，giveeachanimalenoughspacetostandandmovearound

comfortably可知，作者对小范围饲养动物持反对（negative）态度。故选B。

4.根据第四段中心句Theenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarmingisitsgreatestprobleminacentury.

（畜牧业对环境的影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）可知，笫四段主要讨论畜牧业对环境的不

良影响。故选C。

16〜20.【答案】G、D、C、B、E

【解析】1•【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对考试压力的方法。

上文Examsareanimportanttypeofassessmentalmostallstudentswillneedtoundertake.Thebestway

tostudyisnottoreciteitallinhoursorminutesbeforeanexam.Examstressaffectsmoststudentsin

variousways.（考试是一种重要的评估类型，几乎所有的学生都需要进行。最好的学习方法不是在

考试前的儿小时或儿分钟内背诵。考试压力以各种方式影响着大多数学生。）提出考试压力影响

着大多数学生，而接下来四段中给出一些应对这种压力的方法和建议，G项（控制压力并找到减

轻压力的方法是很重要的。：承上启下，引出下文中的方法。故选G。

2.根据下文Inyourbag,collectallyoursuppliessuchaspencils,severalpensandotherimportantwriting

materials.Putth