2022-2023学年安徽省滁州市定远县重点学校高一（下）月考英语试卷（5月份）（含解析）

20222023学年安徽省滁州市定远县重点学校高一（下）月考英

语试卷（5月份）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,wh沁hiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）-Thehostelsin

Romeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloftengettostayinacentral

locationwithsecurityandcomfort.

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneof

thebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andit'sgotafunatmospherewithout

being（oonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staff

membersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanarea

ontherooftoptorhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.ltoffersbeautiful

furnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too：itdoesn'tchargecitytax：ithasbothair

conditioningandaheaterforthero:）ms；italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'scloseto

allofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecity

whenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayfor

Wi-Fi.

1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.

2.Whichhostelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

B

AboutamonthafterIjoinedFacebook,IgotacallfromLoriGoler,ahighlyregardedseniordirectorof

marketingateBay.Shemadeitclearthiswasabusinesscall."Iwanttoapplytoworkwithyouat

Facebook,“shesaid."Insteadofrecommendingmyself,Iwanttoaskyou：Whatisyourbiggestproblem,

andhowcanIsolveit?"

Myjawhitthefloor.Ihadhiredthousandsofpeopleoverthepreviousdecadeandnoonehadeversaid

anythingremotelylikethat.Peopleusuallyfocusonfindingtherightroleforthemselves,withthe

implicationthattheirskillswillhelpthecompany.LoriputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.ltwasa

killerapproach.Iresponded,"Recruitingismybiggestproblem.And,yes,youcansolveit."

Lorineverdreamedshewouldworkinrecruiting,butshejumpedin.Sheevenagreedtotradeearningsfor

acquiringnewskillsinanewfield.Lorididagreatjobrunningrecruitingandwithinmonthswaspromoted

tohercurrentjob,leadingPeople俭Facebook.

Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.As

of2010,theaverageAmericanhadelevenjobsfromtheagesofeighteentoforty-sixalone.Lorioften

quotesPattieSellers,whocameupwithamuchbettermetaphor："Careersareajunglegym,nota

ladder."

AsLoridescribesit,there'sonlyonewaytogettothetopofaladder,buttherearemanywaystogetto

thetopofajunglegym.Thejungleeymmodelbenefitseveryone,butespeciallywomenwhomightbe

startingcareers,switchingcareers,gettingblockedbyexternalbaniers,orreenteringtheworkforceafter

takingtimeoff.Theabilitytocreateauniquepathwithoccasionaldips,detours（弯路）,andevendead

endspresentsgreatviewsofmanypeople,notjustthoseatthetop.Onaladder,mostclimbersarcstuck

staringatthebuttof（hepersonabove.

4.WhydidLorimakethecall?

A.ShehelpedFacebook(osolvethebiggestproblem.

B.ShewantedtomakeabusinessdealwithFacebook.

C.Shetried(oaskforapayriseinFacebook.

D.ShewantedtobecomeanemployeeinFacebook.

5.Whatimpressed"I"byLori?

A.Loriwasgoodatrunningrecruiting.

B.LoriattachedgreatimportancetoFacebook'sneeds.

C.LorijumpedinFacebookwithnoadequateexperience.

D.LoriwasskilledinmarketingateBay.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Nowallpeopledon'ttendtoclimb(heladder.

B.Noneontheladdercanenjoythegreatviews.

C.Junglegymsofferlimitedexplorationforemployees.

D.Apregnantwoman,jobless,benefitslittlefromthejunglegyms.

7.Whaiis(hebesttitleofthepassage?

A.It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.

B.Facebook'sBiggestProblem.

C.ApplyingforaJobinFacebook.

D.AJungleGymisBetterthenaLadder.

c

Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,evenadaptingtheirdietstothe

citiestheylivein.

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenetic

make-up,duetomoderncitylife.ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNAisthattheycouldmakerats

susceptiblelothesamehealthproblemsashumans,suchaspollutantsandsugaryfoods.

Thestudyshowedthatrats'd沁tshavealsoadaptedtotheircnvironnicnt.InNewYork,youcanseethem

eatbagelsandbeer；inParis,theylikecroissantsandbutter.Theyadaptinamazingways.Thescientists

alsoanalyzedthegenomes(基因组.)of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwiththoseofninebrown

ratsfromHeilongjiangProvince,north-eastChina.Thefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeen

throughmajorDNAchangesoverthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica,and

fromthecountrysideandintocities.

Thechangedgeneswereassociatedwithdiet,behavior,andmovement,whichaddedpressuresand

challengesfortherattoovercomc.Thiscouldreflectthefactthaturbanratshavetomovethroughhighly

artificialenvironmentsthatareverydifferentfromnaturalhabitats.Sothesegenechangesmighthave

evolvedtohelpthemmovemoreeasilythroughundergroundchannelsandpipes.

Astheratsarecloselyassociatedwithcity-livinghumans,thescientistsbelievethatitispossiblethat

similarchangeshavehappenedinbothspecies.

InOctober2019,scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytestanenzyme(酶)thatcouldbeusedtohelppeople

quitsmoking.Twogroupsofratsweretrainedtoself-administernicotine,andovertwoweekstheir

nicotineintakesincreased,suggestingaddiction.Then,onegroupofratswasgiventheenzyme,which

ledtoadecreasednicotineincakc.Thcscientistssaythattheenzymecouldbedevelopedfbrhumanusein

thefuiurc.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedphrase"susceptibleto"inparagraph2?

A.Notlikelytobecuredof.B.Beingdisease-resistantto.

C.Verylikelytobeaffectedby.D.Beingthoroughlyexposedto.

9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowinthethirdparagraph?

A.Ratsinthecityareparticularabouttheirfood.

B.Raisindifferemcitieshavedifferentgeneticmake-up.

C.Ratsaredistributedineverycontinentoftheearth.

D.Ratshavebeenadjustingthemselves(otheenvironment.

10.Whaiis(hepurposeoftestinganenzymeonrats?

A.Toexplorerats'survivalability.

B.Tohelppeoplestopsmoking.

C.Tolearnmoreaboutcityrats.

D.Totellapartnicotineandenzyme.

11.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?

A.RatsHaveAdaptedtoModernHumanLife

B.RatsiniheCityHaveVarietiesofDiets

C.RatsArcMoreAdaptablethanHumans

D.RatsHave（heSameGeneticMake-uptoHumans

D

ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesor

theAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimales（灵长类动物）.Orwewould

probablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchof

meat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhave

inventedthelightbulb.

FriendshipJikeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvescompetition.ltisn'tcompetitionina

traditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition™

thesimultaneous（同时）demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchas

nutrients.livingspace,orlight-betterexplainsit.

Asinnature.highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws.similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheory

ofevolution,overpopulation,andconipetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandto

distinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing（分类）takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexist

withcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.InfacUinsomecircumstance,competition

istoomuchofaburdenfbrafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhigh

schoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednot

onlybytheseachievements,butbyiherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilar

recognition.

Nevertheless,bynecessity,competiconbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsand

improvesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Aheahhy,friendlycompetitioncanhave

onlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy（妒忌）cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteall

this,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.

12.Whatdocstheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?

A.Ilowtowinthecompetition.

B.Howfriendscompetewitheachother.

C.Whatcompetitionexactlyis.

D.What（heresultofcompetitionis.

13.According(othewriter,wecaninferthathighschoolstudcn:scompeteisbecause.

A.theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.

B.theyarcdividedintodifferentgroups.

C.friendshipisaburdenforthem.

D.thenumberof(hemistoolarge.

14.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?

A.Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.

B.Thedegreeofcompetitionisvital(ofriendship.

C.Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.

D.Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof"competition"?

A.Theresultofcompetitionarcoutofcontrol.

B.Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.

C.Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.

D.Friendshipisnotasimponantascompetitionatschool.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

HowtotestbestIt'sback(oschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbackto

beingmajorlystressedout.(I)Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests.

Schedulesiudylime.

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials.(2)

Instead,prepareforatestbyschedulingstudytimeeachdayforseveraldaysbefore.

Useyourlimewisely.

(3)Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies(用具)youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus.

Whilestudying,besuretomakeregularshortbreaks.Gelasnack,lakeabathroombreakorplayaquick

computergamewhenitfeelsasifyourbrainisabouttoexplode.

(4)______

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanother.

Haveeverypersonorpairtakeapariofthematerial,andcomeupwithquestionstoquizthegroup.Keep

thegroupsmall.Haveeveryonetaketurnsasihegroupleader,whowillassignthematerial,andmakesure

thatconversationstaysonwhatisbeingstudied.

Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation.

Haveyoursharpenedpencilsandotherthingsinyourbagreadythenightbefore(hetest.It'simportani(o

getagoodnight'ssleepandtheneatingahealthybreakfastthenextmorning.(5)

Also,studyingallthewayupuntillesttimecanonlycreatemoreanxiety.Stopstudyinganhour

beforehand.

A.Formastudygroup.

B.Staycoolbeforethetest.

C.1(doesn'thavetobethisway.

D.Thiswillhelpyoustoreimportantinformation.

E.Thisway,bothyourmindandbodyarefullyprepared.

F.Beforestudying,clearyourdesksoyoucanconcentrate.

G.Itwillalsomakeyou(iredands:ressedonthedayofthetest.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

OnJanuary15,2016.1awokeat2：30ambecauseIneededwater.Afterdrinkingsome.Iwaswalkingback

upstairsfromthekitchenwhen1(21)thebulldog(牛头犬).Rock.WhenImadeittothebottomofthe

stairs,hewasrunningup.Buthehacnever(22)tothestairsbefore.NowIknowthatwashiswayof

informingmeofthe(23).

WhenIturnedaround.Isawsomelight.butIrememberedIhadn't(24)alighton.Walking(25)toit.Ifound

itwasfire.Itbecameabigfiresoon.(26)shoutingtomywife(owakeupandgetourthreekids.Icutoutthe

plasticthatcoveredthewindow(olhc(27).ThcnIhurriedlygoteverybodyoutontheroof.Wc(28)for

hclp.buthelpnevercame.

Thefirebecameveiyfierce(凶猛的).Evenworse,!wasscaredofheightsandhadphvsical(29)mv

rheumatoidarthritis(类风湿性关节炎),butIcouldn'tmind.ljustjumpedandgotinjuredwhenI(30),

butIdidn'tcareaboutit.

Ifoundour(31),placeditagainstthehouse,andclimbedbackuptotherooftosaveothers.WhenItriedto

saveRock.hciust(32)in(heblacksmokc.Ineversawhim(33)again.

I'mnotahero,butRockisj'mjusta(n)(34)personhelpingmywifeandchildrenwhilehelivedto(35)us.

21.A.heardB.raisedC.rememberedD.ignored

22.A.lookedupB.comeupC.usedupD.pickedup

23.A.resultB.effectC.dangerD.injury

24.A.passedB.heldC.putD.turned

25.A.lateB.happilyC.closeD.quietly

26.A.ImmediatelyB.CarefullyC.CuriouslyD.Luckily

27.A.floorB.roofC.worldD.path

28.A.paidB.appliedC.stoodD.shouted

29.A.featuresB.advantagesC.backgroundsD.issues

30.A.flewB.landedC.wavedD.struggled

31.A.dogB.branchC.ladderD.rope

32.A.wrestledB.jumpedC.disappearedD.played

33.A.pleasedB.aliveC.energeticD.formal

34.A.kindB.significantC.braveD.ordinary

35.A.protectB.greetC.believeD.appreciate

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Chopsticksareshapedpairsofequal-lengthsticksthathavebeenusedinthekitchenandonthe

(ableinalmostallofEastAsiaforover6,000years.First(I)(use)by(he

Chinese.chopstickslaterspreadtootherlocations(2)(include)

Japan.Korea.Malaysia.Singapore.ThailandandVietnam.

InancientChina,chopstickssignifiedfarmorethantools(3)takefoodtothemouth,andthey

alsosignifiedstatusandrules"can"and"can't*'.DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,(4)

officialnamedTangSuoncehaddinnerwiththeemperor.Hewasnotwellinformedinnobletabic

mannersand(5)(lay)downhischopstickshorizontallyonthetablebeforetheemperor

did.Asaresult,hewassenttoafrontierareaasa(6)(punish).

Actuallyjhcrcwereoveradozentaboosconcerningchopsticks.Forexample,theycouldnotbeplaced

(7)(vertical)intoadish,asthiswasawayofmakingsacrificestothedead.Dinerscould

nottap(8)pushadishwithchopsticks.noruseachopstickasafork.Whentakingfbodjhey

couldnotlettheirchopsticksgofromonedishtoanotherorcrossever(9)ofothers.When

dinerswanted(10)(put)downtheirchopsticksduringameal,theywouldplacethem

lengthwaysonachopstickholderoron(heplateontheirright-hardside.Manyofthesechopstick

(aboosarcvalidtothisday.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.你们班同学打算周六去爬香山.请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动.具

体内容如下：

I.时间：8am-5pm：

2.集合地点:校门口；

3.交通工具：公交车；

4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机.

注意：I.词数不少于50：

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.

DearChris,

Yours,

Joe.

38.Onacoldwindyday.apoorboytried(opayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoorto

door.Wanderingonthestrcct.hcwasnotasuccessfulseller.What'sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhad

onedime(——角硬IJJ)left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn'teaten

anything.Hehadnochoicebu((obegforamealatthenexthousc.Hcsitantlyheknockedat

door.thinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.Howcvcr,hclosthisnervewhenalovelyyoung

womanopenedthedoor."WhatcanIdoforyou?"askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedtbra

while"Wouldyoupleasegivemesome---adrinkofwater?"theboydarenottolookdirectlyinto

hereyes.Shclookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethingtogivehimenergysoshe

broughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstaking(hecup,hedrankitupslowly.and

thenasked,"HowmuchdoIov/eyou?""Youdon'towemeanything,"sherepliedwithawarmsmile

onherface."Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayfbrakindness."Deeplymovcd.hcsaid

sincerely,"ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart."AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,he

notonlyfellstrongerphysically.binitalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asa

matteroffact,hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.

Yearslater(heyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.However.thelocaldoctorswereunabletogive(he

effectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysenthertoahospitalinthebigcity,wherespecialistscanbe

calledintocureherraredisease.Amongthosefamousspecialists.Dr.HowardKellywascalledinfor

(heconsuliaiion.Whenheheardihenameofthetownshecamefrom,asirangelighifilledhis

eyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.

注意：

I.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：

2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph1：

Dressedinhisdoctor'sgown,hewentintoseeher.

Paragraph2：

Thebillwassenttoherroom.

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】C、B、C

【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymany

choosetoslayinahostel(旅社).对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原

因。可知,旅游的人选择住旅社是因为价格原因。结合选项:A.Comfort.舒适;B.Security.安全;

C.Price.价格;D.Location.位置。故选C。

(2)B.细节理解题。根据原文HostelAlessandroPalace中的Ifyoulovesocialhosiels,thisisthebest

hosteltbryouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests

likefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaonther(x)ftopforhangingoutwithother

travelersduringthesummer.如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆。旅舍亚历山德罗宫是

有趣的。工作人员为客人举办大量的酒吧活动，如免费酒水，酒吧爬和卡拉0K。屋顶上还有一

个区域,更天可以和其他游客一圮出去玩.可知,在这个旅馆会有大量的衿交活动.因此适合热

衷社交的旅客。故选B。

(3)C.细节理解题。根据HotelandHostelDesArtistes中的However,youneedtopay2eurosaday

forWi-Fi.但是，你需要支付2欧元/天的Wi-Fi费用。可知，这个酒店需要付费才能上网。结合选

项：A.ltgetsnoisyatnight"晚上会很吵"；B.ltsstaffistootalkative"它的职员太健

谈了"；C.ItchargesforWi-Fi"对Wi-Fi收费”：D.It'sinconvenientlykxrated"它的位置不

方便二故选C。

这是一篇广告。文章介绍了旅游城市罗马几个热门的酒店，它们有不同的风格，供您选择。

阅读理解解题步骤：苜先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有

标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心.主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中.应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；

其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，

带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强

的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，

才能做到稳、准。

4〜7.【答案】D、B、A、A

［解析】I.D.细节理解题.根据文章第一段"IwanttoapplytoworkwithyouatFacebook,"可

知：打电话的目的就是想到Facebook来应聘工作：故选D.

2.B.细节理解题.根据文章第二

段Ix）riputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.Itwasakillerapproach.iresponded,可知她和其他应

聘者不同的是她最关心的是公司的需要，将公司的需要和发展放到了首要位置，而不是仅仅关心

自己的前途；故选B.

3.A.细节理解题.根据文章第四段第一Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,

butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.可知现在并不是所有的人都倾向于向高职位上爬

（出人头地）：其他三项和文中的内容描述不完全相符.故选A.

4.A.细节理解题.根据文章可知本文强调的核心话题是不是公司的等级吸引着从业者，而是公

司的发展需要激励着从业者适时地提高自己的技能来应对千变万化的社会发展，所以

It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.作为文章的标题更吻合文章的主题;故选A.

本文是一篇人生感悟类阅读，文章主要介绍了一个特殊的应聘者感动了作者，这个人应聘不是直

接描述自己的特长和想应聘的职位，而是询问公司的需求是什么，从而引发了作者更深的思考.

考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细行理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比

较，再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事

实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

8〜11.【答案】C、D、B、A

【解析】（l）C.词义推测题.第二段第一句提到“

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenet

icmake-up,duetomoderncitylife."（科学家宣称人类和老鼠在基因构成方面有相似的变化,这

是有可能的）,再由划线短语所在句"ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNA"（基因变化的负面

影响），"thesamehealthproblemsashumans（和人类相同的健康问题），由此可推测，划线短语

所在句的意思是‘基因变化的负面影响是，它们可能使老鼠容易受到和人类相同的健康问题的影响

”，所以划线短语的意思是“易受影响”.故选C.

（2）D.推理判断题.第三段首句提到

"Thestudyshowedthatrats'dietshavealsoad叩ledtotheirenvironmeni."（研究表明老鼠已经适

应了它们的环境".）接下来举例："Thescientistsalsoanalyzedihegenomes（基因组）

of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwith（hoseofninebrownratsfromHeilongjiangProvince,

north-eastChina.ThefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeenthroughmajorDNAchangeso

verthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica.

andfromihecountrysideandintocilies."（纽约和巴黎的老鼠以惊人的方式适应着，并提到科学家

把纽约老鼠和黑龙江棕鼠的基因作比较，发现老鼠基因已经发生变化.）由此可推测，第三段主

要是想说明”老鼠已经使自己适应了环境”.故选D.

（3）B.细节理解题.根据最后一段最后一句"InOctober2019,scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytest

anenzyme（酶）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeoplequitsmoking."（在2019年10月，科学家使用

老鼠成功地测试了一个可以帮助人们戒烟的酶）可知，科学家用老鼠测试酶是为了帮助人们戒

烟.故选B.

（4）A.标题归纳题.Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,

evenadaptingtheirdietstothecitiestheylivein.（科学家们发现，老鼠已经适应了现代人类的生活，

甚至适应了它们所居住的城市的饮食.）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述一

项调查结果，科学家宣称老鼠已经通过改变基因构成，适应了现代的城市生活，所以“老鼠已经

适应人类现代生活”适合作文章标题.故选A.

这是一篇说明文.科学家宣称老鼠已经通过改变基因构成，适应了现代的城市生活.

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断：或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释.读者首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点.

12〜15.【答案】C、D、B、C

【解析】（DC.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausethere

arenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinitioniihesimultaneousdemandby

twoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace.orlight-betier

explainsit.”这不是传统意义上的竞争，因为没有进球和奖品。也许生态学的定义-两个或两个以上

的有机体同时需要有限的环境资源，如营养物质、生存空间或光线-更好地解释了这一点。生态

定义解释了竞争是什么。故C项正确。

（2）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguish

themjankingandcategorizingtakeplace."有大量的高中生,为了区分他们,进行排名和分类。可知,

造成高中生竞争的原因是高中生数量过于庞大，故D项正确。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Ahealthy.friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits.but

whenitbecomestoofierce.jealousycantearfriendshipsapart."友好的竞争能带来好处，但当竞争过

于激烈时•，妒忌会把友谊撕裂，由此推知竞争的程度对友谊至关亘要，故B项正确。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Never【heless,bynecessity,con】petitionbetweenstudentsexists

inallaspectsofhighschoollife.”然而，学生之间的竞争不可避免地存在于高中生活的各个方面。可

知，作者认为学校肯定存在竞争，故C项正确。

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞争推动了人类社会的发展以及如何在竞争和友谊中寻求平衡。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分

析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16〜20.【答案】C、G、F、A、E

【解析】（I）C.推理判断题。根据前句

It'sbacktoschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbacklobeingmajorlystrc

ssedoul表示"又回到学校，意味着又回到了考试，也可能意味着又回到了压力很大的状态”；以及

后句Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests表示"这里有一些简单的方法来为测试

做充分的准备”，可知表示"不一定要这样”的选项C可以起到承上启下的作用，故选C.

（2）G.细节理解题。根据前句

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials表示“试

着在考试前一天晚上复习所有的学习内容不可能使你掌握所有的内容”，可知表示“它也会让你在

考试当天感到疲惫和压力”的选项G符合前后的语境，i（代指

Tiyingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatest,故选G.

（3）F.细节理解题。根据后句Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies（用具）

youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus表示"同时，确保你有学习所需的所有用品，这样你就不会

失去注意力"，可知表示"在学习之前，整理一下你的桌子，这样你就可以集中注意力了”的选项F

符合前后的语境，focus和concentrate是关联词，故选F.

（4）A.主旨判断题。根据后句

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanoth

er表示"与父母或朋友一起学习可以帮助你更好地理解材料，并相互学习”，以及后文对学习小组

的介绍，可知表示"组成一个学习小组"的选项A符合本段的主题，Studyingwithaparentorfriends

和astudygroup是关联词，故选A.

(5)E.细节理解题。根据主题句Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation表示"别忘了最后时刻的准备”,

以及后文对考前准备工作的介绍，可知表示“这样，你的身心都做好了充分的准备”的选项E符合

前后的语境，preparation和prepared是关联词，故选E.

又回到学校，意味着又回到了考试，也可能意味着又回到了压力很大的状态，本文介绍一些为测

试做充分的准备的简单方法。

七选五解题策略

I)从意思上判断在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思

的连我性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础匕再利用线索特征词

等进一步确认答案。

2)从词汇上锁定线索做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动

词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如

说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻

找答案是很有效的方法。

3)从关联词作为切入点，通常，