湖南省五市十校教研教改共同体2024-2025学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题

机密★启用前2024年12月高一大联考英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidtheboydojustnow?A.Heboughtarubberduck. B.Hecleanedthefloor. C.Heplayedwithwater.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Ohmy!Lookwhatyouhavedone.Thefloorisallwet.M:Sorry,Mom.IwasplayingwithmyrubberduckwithJaneinthebathtub.Iforgottoturnthetapoff.Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.W:Nowgetoutofhereanddryyourselves.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydidCamilagotoMary’shouseyesterday?A.Toplayball. B.Toborrowabook. C.Tohavestrawberries.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Mary.Whowasthegirlplayingballwithyounearyourhouseyesterdayafternoon?Shewasjustassweetasastrawberry.W:Oh,shewasmysister’sfriendCamila.Shecameovertoaskforaicbook.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichsportdoesthemanlike?A.Football. B.Boxing. C.Tennis.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whatteamsportisthemostpopularinyourcountry?M:InBrazil,alargemajorityarecrazyaboutfootball.W:Soareyoualsoafanofit?M:No.I’mfondofplayingtennis.Ihatecontactsports,suchasboxingorkarate.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanetotheman?A.Todosomework. B.Togetsomemedicine. C.Tobuysomefood.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hereissomemedicineforyou.Sinceautumnhasarrived,you’dbettereatlessyogurt.Refrigeratedfoodwilldoharmtoyourstomach.W:Gotit.I’llgetpuremilkandwarmitup.M:Yes,that’sit.Ifyoustillfeelthepain,you’dbettergotoaclinic.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.She’swaitingfortheman.B.She’sgoingtopickupherdaughter.C.Shewantstomakeagoodfirstimpression.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:You’vealreadytriedon10dresses,honey.eon,ourdaughterwillbelateforschool.W:Itismyfirstdayofwork.Therearesomanypeopletoimpress.M:Don’tworry.Youarealwaysthemostbeautifulintown.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhosuggestedthatHenryjoinafootballclub?A.Hisroommates. B.Hisfather. C.Thewoman.7.WhatdoesHenrythinkisthebestpartofplayingfootball?A.petingforhonor. B.Winningothers’respect. C.Stayingwithhisteammates.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】W:Henry,areyoualwayscrazyaboutfootballlikethis?M:No.Inhighschool,Iputmyheartintobaseball,asmydadexpected.Butincollege,allofmyroommatesjoinedafootballclub.Theyinvitedmetojoinittoo.Sincethen,I’vepracticedplayingfootballeveryday.W:Well,Ioftenplaybasketballintheparknearmyhouseafterwork.Ithinkbasketballiscoolerandmoreexciting.What’smore,winningapointinabasketballgameismucheasierthanscoringagoalonafootballfield.M:Haha,indeeditis.Butitcanbringthewinningteammuchglory,whichattractsmethemost.W:Certainly,theytrulydeserveourrespectandadmiration.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.HowdidRuthfinallygettoschoolthismorning?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot. C.Bybus.9.HowdidMr.ThompsonlooktoRuth?A.Annoyed. B.Worried. C.Confused.10.Whatwastheweatherlikelastnight?A.Sunny. B.Cloudy. C.Snowy.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Ruth.Iseverythingokay?Youseemabitdown.W:Ihadaterribledaytoday.Inthemorning,mydad’scarranoutofgashalfway.Itwasalmost7:30whenIgotonthebus.Thetrafficwasquiteheavythen.WhenIfinallyrushedintotheclassroom,Mr.ThompsonwasexplainingtheEnglishgrammarrules.Hisfacedarkenedwhenhesawmestandingatthedoor.M:Ohdear!Itwasthesecondtimethatyouhadbeenlateforhisclassthisweek.YouwerelateduetoabrokenalarmclockonMonday.W:Aftergettingofftheschoolbusintheafternoon,Ifelldownontheroad.M:Lastnight,itsnowedheavily,andtheroadturnedquiteicy.W:Yes,Iwishthebeautifulsuncouldeouttomorrow.M:Metoo.I’mfedupwiththecloudsandsnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Howmuchmoneywillthewomansave?A.$20. B.$40. C.$60.12.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoaddtoeverythingsheordered?A.Brownbeansandtomatoes.B.Hotsauceandtomatoes.C.Blackbeansandhotsauce.13.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’smean. B.She’scurious. C.She’sthoughtful.【答案】11.A12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,canItakeyourorder?W:IdownloadedacouponfromCoupons.ItsaysIcangetfortydollars’worthofasetmealfortwentydollars.M:OK.Youcanshowthattothecashierwhenyoupay.Thenwhatwouldyoulikeforyoursetmeal?W:Twosteaksandfourchickenwings,please.Beans,tomatoes,andhotsauceonallofthem.M:Wehavebrownbeansandblackbeans.Whatkindofbeansdoyouwant?W:Brownbeansonthesteak,andblackbeansonthechickenwings.M:OK,andhotsauce?W:Yes,butdon’tputtoomuchonthem.Alittlegoesalongway!M:Noproblem.Anychipsordrinks?W:No,thanks.Theyaretogo.I’mbringingeverythingbacktomyparents.They’veneverhadMexicanfoodbefore!M:Oh,you’resosweet!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatistherelationshipbetweenStuartandJenny?AColleagues. B.Husbandandwife. C.Brotherandsister.15.WhydidStuartquithisjob?A.Hewantedtofindafulltimejob.B.Hiswifewouldhaveababy.C.Hecouldn’taffordchildcare.16.WhathappenedtoAlexandra?A.Sheisstrugglingfinancially.B.Sheissufferingfromhairloss.C.Shegavebirthtoababyseveralweeksago.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Stuartinmyofficequitlastweek.W:Ican’tbelieveit.Didn’thelikethework?M:Notreally.HeandJennyhaveswitchedtoparttimeworkers,sotheycanlookaftertheironlychildthemselves.W:Ican’tunderstandit.Couldyoutellmesomethingmore,Mark?M:Takemeforexample—Ishouldpaythebabysitter120poundsadaywhileI’mpaid80poundsaday.W:NowonderStuartchosetoleavehisjob.M:Forthefirsttimein25years,mysisterAlexandraisstrugglingfinancially.Shejustgavebirthtoakidseveralmonthsago.Totellthetruth,I’malsounderconstantpressureatwork.I’vebeensufferingfromhairlossrecently.Ican’thaveasoundsleep,actually.AndIknowtherearepeopleinamuchworsesituationthanme.W:Don’tworrytoomuch.Everythingwillpass.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatisPottermostfamousfor?A.Literaryworks. B.Animalprotection. C.Scientificfindings.18.WhatdidPotterdoin1905?A.Shemadeatoy. B.Sheboughtafarm. C.Shegotmarried.19.WhendidPotterpassaway?A.in1905. B.in1913. C.in1943.20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkaboutintheend?A.Potter’sinfluence. B.Potter’shometown. C.Potter’smarriage.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Hi,haveyoueverheardofHelenBeatrixPotter?ShewasanEnglishwriter,illustratorandnaturalscientist.Sheisbestknownforherchildren’sbooksfeaturinganimals,suchasTheTaleofPeterRabbit,whichwasherfirstmerciallypublishedworkin1902.Herbooks,including23tales,havesoldmorethan250millioncopies.In1903,PeterRabbitwasthefirstfictionalcharactertobemadeintoapatentedstuffedtoy,makinghimtheoldestlicensedcharacter.Withtheproceedsfromthebooksandalegacyfromanaunt,in1905PotterbecametheowneroftheHillTopFarminNearSawrey,avillageintheLakeDistrict.Overthefollowingdecades,shepurchasedadditionalfarmstopreservetheuniquehillcountrylandscape.In1913,attheageof47,shemarriedWilliamHeelis,arespectedlocallawyerwithanofficeinHawkshead.Potterdiedon22ndDecember1943atherhomeinNearSawrey,leavingalmostallherpropertytotheNationalTrust.SheiscreditedwithpreservingmuchofthelandthatnowmakesuptheLakeDistrictNationalPark.Potter’sbookscontinuetosellwellthroughouttheworldinmanylanguageswithherstoriesbeingretoldinsongs,films,andballet,andherlifeisdescribedintwofilmsandatelevisionseries.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGlobalGreenInnovation(创新)Challenge2024DearInnovators,WearethrilledtoannouncetheGlobalGreenInnovationChallenge2024,aninternationalpetitionaimedatinspiringcreativesolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.TheeventwilltakeplaceonlinefromApril5thtoApril10th,bringingtogetheryoungmindsfromacrosstheglobe.ChallengeCategories:Participantscanchoosefromthefollowingcategories:1.SustainableEnergy:Proposenewmethodstoharnesscleanandrenewableenergy.2.WasteManagement:Designsystemsforreducing,reusing,orrecyclingwaste.3.SmartAgriculture:Developinnovativewaystoimproveagriculturalefficiencyandsustainability.WhoCanApply:·Opentoindividualsandteamsofuptofivemembersaged1830.·Applicantsshouldsubmitadetailedprojectproposal(1,0001,500words)inEnglish.AwardsandBenefits:·Winnersineachcategorywillreceive$5,000infundingtoimplement(实施)theirprojects.·Topthreewillgainaccesstomentorshipprogramswithindustryleadersandinvitationstoglobalsustainabilityconferences.HowtoApply:1.Visitgreenglobalchallengetofillouttheapplicationform.2.SubmityourprojectproposalbyFebruary28th,2024.Formoreinformation,contactusatcontact@greenglobalchallenge.Joinusinshapingasustainablefuture!Sincerely,TheOrganizingTeam21.Whatdoesthepetitionfocuson?A.Creativeminds. B.Onlineteamwork.C.Internationalproblems. D.Solutionstoenvironmentalissues.22.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereisnoagelimitforapplicants.B.TheprojectproposalcanbesubmittedinFrench.C.Therearethreetypestobechosenforparticipants.D.ThedeadlineofsubmissionofyourprojectproposalisMarch28th,2024.23.Whatawardsandbenefitsdowinnersreceive?A.Topthreearelikelytobeindustryleaders.B.Winnersineachcategorywillreceive$50,000.C.Topthreewillbeinvitedtoglobalsustainabilitymeetings.D.Winnersineachcategorywillreceiveprofessionalhelpfromexperts.【答案】21.D22.C23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了2024年全球绿色创新挑战赛的参赛信息，包括竞赛的重点、参赛资格、奖项设置和申请流程等实际操作指南，旨在指导有兴趣的人士如何参与这项活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“WearethrilledtoannouncetheGlobalGreenInnovationChallenge2024,aninternationalpetitionaimedatinspiringcreativesolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.(我们很高兴地宣布2024年全球绿色创新挑战赛，这是一项旨在激发创造性解决环境问题的国际竞赛。)”可知，这项竞赛聚焦于环境问题的解决方案。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章ChallengeCategories:部分“Participantscanchoosefromthefollowingcategories:1.SustainableEnergy:Proposenewmethodstoharnesscleanandrenewableenergy.2.WasteManagement:Designsystemsforreducing,reusing,orrecyclingwaste.3.SmartAgriculture:Developinnovativewaystoimproveagriculturalefficiencyandsustainability.(参与者可以从以下类别中选择：可持续能源：提出新的方法来开发清洁和可再生能源。废物管理：设计减少、再利用或回收废物的系统。智能农业：开发创新方式以提高农业效率和可持续性。)”可知，参与者可以从三个类别中选择，分别是可持续能源、废物管理和智能农业。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。由文章AwardsandBenefits:部分中“Topthreewillgainaccesstomentorshipprogramswithindustryleadersandinvitationstoglobalsustainabilityconferences.(前三名将获得与行业领袖导师计划的参与机会，以及全球可持续性会议的邀请。)”可知，前三名将受邀参加全球可持续性会议。故选C。BTheSuperSummerStrawberrySaraandhersisters,whowerethedaughtersoffarmers,wereintheirstrawberryfieldduringthesummer.Thestrawberriesgrewinneatrows,andtheygrewbetterwithmoresunshine.Sarawaslookingoverthefieldwhenshemadeasurprisingfind—astrawberryashugeasapumpkinhiddenunderaleafyvine.Excited,theydecidedtoenterthisamazingstrawberryintotheStateFair.Tohelpitgrow,thesisterstookturnssittingwithiteveryday,singingrelievingsongs.Thisseemedtoworkwell,asthestrawberrygrewreallyfast.Injustoneweek,itwasasbigasawatermelon,andbythesecondweek,itgotaslargeasatractortire.Thesistersmanagedtomovethelargestrawberrytothefair.Peoplecameinlargenumberstotheirbooth,amazedbywhattheysaw.Thestateleader,whowasthejudge,wasreallyimpressedandsaiditwasthebeststrawberryoftheStateFair.Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.However,Saraquicklycameupwithasolution.Shesaidtheycouldusethestrawberrypartstomakeagreatstrawberryshortcake.Thesistersandthepeopletheregatheredthepiecesandtookthemtothebaker.Soon,theywereallhavingawonderfultimesharingthedeliciousshortcake.Intheend,whatcouldhavebeenabadthingturnedintoamemorableandniceexperienceforeveryonethere.24.WhatdidSarafindinthestrawberryfield?A.Apumpkinhiddenunderavine. B.Astrawberryashugeasapumpkin.C.Astrawberryasbigasawatermelon. D.Aleafyvinewithmanystrawberries.25.Howdidthesistershelpthestrawberrygrow?A.Theywaterediteveryday. B.Theygaveitspecialchemicals.C.Theymovedittoasunnierplace. D.Theysangfortingsongstoit.26.Whathappenedwhenthestateleaderwasattachingtheblueribbontothestrawberry?A.Thestrawberrydisappeared.BThestrawberrybecameevenbigger.C.Thestrawberryturnedintoashortcake.D.Thestrawberryburstsuddenlyandscatteredeverywhere.27.Whichsayingcansuitthestorymost?A.Everycoinhastwosides. B.Thinktwicebeforeyouact.C.Makethebestofabadbargain. D.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了姐妹发现超大草莓，参赛获奖后草莓意外裂开，姐妹俩用草莓制作酥饼分享，坏事变美好的经历。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sarawaslookingoverthefieldwhenshemadeasurprisingfind—astrawberryashugeasapumpkinhiddenunderaleafyvine.(当Sara朝田野望去时，她发现了一个惊人的东西——一个像南瓜一样大的草莓藏在一棵枝叶繁茂的藤蔓下。)”可知，Sara在草莓地里发现了像南瓜一样大的草莓。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tohelpitgrow,thesisterstookturnssittingwithiteveryday,singingrelievingsongs.(为了帮助它生长，姐妹们每天轮流坐在它身边，唱着舒缓的歌曲。)”可知，姐妹们通过每天轮流给草莓唱舒缓的歌来帮助它生长。故选D项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.(但是当他把获奖的蓝丝带系在上面时，草莓突然裂开了，溅得到处都是。)”可知，当国家领导人在草莓上系蓝丝带时，草莓突然爆裂，四处散落。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.(但是当他把获奖的蓝丝带系在上面时，草莓突然裂开了，溅得到处都是。)”和最后一段中“Shesaidtheycouldusethestrawberrypartstomakeagreatstrawberryshortcake.Thesistersandthepeopletheregatheredthepiecesandtookthemtothebaker.Soon,theywereallhavingawonderfultimesharingthedeliciousshortcake.Intheend,whatcouldhavebeenabadthingturnedintoamemorableandniceexperienceforeveryonethere.(她说他们可以用草莓部分做一个很棒的草莓酥饼。姐妹们和那里的人把碎的草莓捡起来，带到面包师那里。很快，他们都分享了美味的酥饼，度过了一段美好的时光。最后，原本可能是一件坏事的事情变成了那里每个人难忘而美好的经历。)”可知，故事中原本可能是坏事（草莓裂开），但最后变成了美好的经历（制作草莓酥饼分享），体现了“善处逆境”，C项“善处逆境”符合题意。故选C项。CSomeexpertssuggestthathumanitycannotsurvive(存活)farintothefutureifwestayonEarth.IfsomedisastersweretowipeoutlifeonEarth,otherworldscouldcarryonourcivilization.Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.AfutureoffEarthisnotonlyaboutavoidingdisasters.Morehomesforhumanitywouldalsomeanmoreopportunitiesforinnovation.WhatifwhenwegotoMars,wedon’thaverubbish?Resourceswouldbesoscarce(稀少的)onMarsthatthepeoplelivingtherewouldhavetofindcreativewaystoreusetheirwaste.TheseinnovationscouldthenhelpsolvetherubbishproblemhereonEarth.Asweexpandourcivilizationintospace,wemustmakesurethatweavoidrepeatinghumanity’spastmistakes.Someworldleaderspursuespaceasawaytoincreasetheirpowerandstatus.Theexplorerswhocolonized(建立殖民地于)variouspartsofEarthduringthe15thto19thcenturieshadsimilargoals.Asfarasweknow,nothingtodaylivesontheMoonorMars.ButdoesthatmakeitOKforonepersonorgrouptodecidetobuildabase?Allofhumanityshouldhaveasayinhowweexplorespace.SomeculturesseetheMoonasasacred(神圣的)placethatshouldn’tbechanged.Theirvoicesmatter.Sodothevoicesofscientists,explorers,andartists.Yourvoicematters,too.Sothinkbeforeyouact.ScientistspointoutthatourfutureoffEarthisnotjustaboutwhatkindofhabitatwe’llbuild,orwhattypeofspaceshipwe’llneed.“Howdowewanttolivetogether?”theyask.“Howcanweliveinwaysthatalloweveryonetothrive(茁壮成长)?”Thesetypesofquestionsareimportanttoask.WewillneedtoanswerthemwhetherwestayonEarthorjourneyoutintothedistantreachesofoursolarsystemandbeyond.28.Theunderlinedphrase“wipeout”inParagraph1probablymeans“______”.A.change B.consume C.destroy D.reduce29.Whatisonepotentialbenefitforbuildingsettlementsonotherplanets?A.Togiveworldleadersmorepowerandhigherstatus.B.TofindinnovativemethodsofreusingwasteonEarth.C.Tocolonizevariouspartsoftheworldforresources.D.TopreventnaturaldisastersfromhappeningonEarth.30.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatisafocusregardingbuildingabaseontheMoonorMars?A.Thecertaintyofbuildingabaseinspace.B.Theriskofdisastrousstrikesbylargeasteroids.C.ThechallengeoflivinginanewhabitatoffEarth.D.Thevariousopinionsonsettlingonotherplanets.31.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ShouldHumanityBuildSettlementsoffEarth?B.HowcanweSolveEarth’sEnvironmentalProblems?C.HowcanweAvoidtheDangersofSettlingonOtherPlanets?D.ShouldWorldLeadersbeCriticizedforTheirSpacerelatedGoals?【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文围绕人类是否应该在地球之外建立定居点展开讨论。既提到了在地球外建立定居点的好处，如避免灾难和促进创新，也提到了相关的担忧，如不同的意见等。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据后文的例子“Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.(例如，如果一颗大型小行星撞击地球，在火星上定居将不受影响)”可知，是小行星撞击毁灭了地球上的生命，但是我们移民火星的话，在火星上定居将不受影响，可以延续我们的文明，推知wipeout是“灭绝”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Resourceswouldbesoscarce(稀少)onMarsthatthepeoplelivingtherewouldhavetofindcreativewaystoreusetheirwaste.TheseinnovationscouldthenhelpsolvetherubbishproblemhereonEarth.(火星上的资源将是如此稀缺，生活在那里的人们将不得不找到创造性的方法来再利用他们的废物。这些创新可以帮助解决地球上的垃圾问题)”可知，在其他星球建立定居点可能会鼓励地球上废物再利用的创新。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Asfarasweknow,nothingtodaylivesontheMoonorMars.ButdoesthatmakeitOKforonepersonorgrouptodecidetobuildabase?Allofhumanityshouldhaveasayinhowweexplorespace.SomeculturesseetheMoonasasacred(神圣的)placethatshouldn’tbechanged.Theirvoicesmatter.Sodothevoicesofscientists,explorers,andartists.Yourvoicematters,too.Sothinkbeforeyouact.(据我们所知，目前月球或火星上没有生命存在。但这是否意味着一个人或一个团体可以决定建立一个基地呢？在如何探索太空的问题上，全人类都应该有发言权。有些文化认为月亮是一个神圣的地方，不应该被改变。他们的声音很重要。科学家、探险家和艺术家的声音也是如此。你的声音也很重要。所以三思而后行)”可知，关于在月球或火星上建立基地，有不同的意见。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Someexpertssuggestthathumanitycannotsurvive(存活)farintothefutureifwestayonEarth.IfsomedisastersweretowipeoutlifeonEarth,otherworldscouldcarryonourcivilization.Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.(一些专家认为，如果我们继续呆在地球上，人类将无法生存到遥远的未来。如果某些灾难毁灭了地球上的生命，我们的文明可以在其他世界延续下去。例如，如果一颗大型小行星撞击地球，在火星上定居将不受影响)”以及纵观全文可知，文章围绕人类是否应该在地球之外建立定居点展开讨论，既提到了在地球外建立定居点的好处，如避免灾难和促进创新，也提到了相关的担忧，如不同的意见等，所以A项“人类应该在地球之外建立定居点吗?”最能概括文章主旨。故选A项。DWealwaysusebothpartsofourbrains,nomatterwhatourpersonalitiesandtalentsare.Ourbrainhastwosymmetricalhemispheres.Theimportantpartsforthinking,moving,feelingandseeingareinbothofthesehalves.Somepeoplesaythatthosewhoaremorecreativeusetherightsideofthebrainmore,andthosewhoaremorelogicalusetheleftside.Thisideaabouthowthebrainworkswasverypopular.Butit’snotright.Thistheoryemergedinthe1950s.AneuroscientistnamedRogerSperrywantedtoknowhowthetwohalvesofthebrainworkedwitheachother.Hestudiedthecorpuscallosum(胼胝体)connectingthetwohalvesofthebrain.Cuttingitcouldhelptreatverybadepilepsy(癫痫)withouthurtingthenormalworkofthebraintoomuch.Sperry’s“splitbrain”studyfoundthatlanguageabilityismainlyintheleftbrain.TheplacesofBroca’sareaandWernicke’sareashowedthis.Sperrywonthe1981NobelPrize.Buttheideaofrightbrainandleftbrainskillscaughtpeople’simaginations.AnarticlepublishedintheNewYorkTimesMagazinein1973tookideasfromSperry’sfindings,claimingskillssuchasmusicalabilitywerecontrolledentirelybytherightbrain.Now,wehavebrainimagingtoolslikefMRI.Itcanfollowthebloodflowinthebraintoshowwhichpartsareworking.Newresearchhaseout.In2013,scientistsscannedmorethan1,000youngpeople.Theyfoundthatalthoughsomefunctionslikelanguagearemorerelatedtoonesideofthebrain,mostofthebrainnetworksusebothhalves.Thisdisprovedideaslikeonlytherighthemispherebeingformusicorart.Scientistsagreethattheoldtheoryaboutonesideofthebraincontrollinggeneraltraitsisoutdated.Differentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Thenetworkscanchange,especiallywhenthebrainishurt.Thingslikecreativityandlogicaretooplicatedtobeonlyinonepartofthebrain.Bothsidesofthebrainworktogetherforeverythingwedo.32.Whatdoes“thistheory”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebrain’shemispherescan’tworktogether.B.Thebrain’shemisphereshavesimilarkeystructures.C.Personalitiesandtalentsdependonwhichbrainhemisphereisusedmore.D.Creativepeopleusetherighthemisphereandlogicalpeopleusethelefthemisphere.33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutRogerSperry’sresearch?A.Hewasthefirsttoproposetherightleftbraintheory.B.Hisresearchwasconnectedtothebrain’slanguagearea.C.Hefocusedonepilepsy’sinfluenceonbrainhemispheres.D.Hefoundcorpuscallosumhadnoimpactonnormalbrainfunction.34.Whatdidthescansofover1,000youngpeoplein2013reveal?A.Mostbrainnetworksinvolvebothhemispheres.B.Allbrainfunctionsaremainlylocatedintheleftbrain.C.Therighthemisphereismainlyresponsibleforlanguage.D.fMRIistheonlybrainimagingtoolinthenewresearch.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tocorrectleftrightbraintheorymisconception.B.TointroduceSperry’sdiscoveryofcorpuscallosum.C.Todiscusstheimpactofbrainimagingtoolsonbrainstudy.D.Toexplainfunctionsofleftandrightbrainhemispheresindetail.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文纠正了大脑左右半球分工理论，阐释了大脑双侧协同工作机制。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Somepeoplesaythatthosewhoaremorecreativeusetherightsideofthebrainmore,andthosewhoaremorelogicalusetheleftside.(有人说，那些更有创造力的人更多地使用右脑，而那些更有逻辑的人则更多地使用左脑。)”可知，第二段中的“thistheory”指的是有创造力的人使用右半球，有逻辑的人使用左半球。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Sperry’s“splitbrain”studyfoundthatlanguageabilityismainlyintheleftbrain.(斯佩里的“裂脑”研究发现，语言能力主要在左脑。)”可知，他的研究与大脑的语言区有关。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In2013,scientistsscannedmorethan1,000youngpeople.Theyfoundthatalthoughsomefunctionslikelanguagearemorerelatedtoonesideofthebrain,mostofthebrainnetworksusebothhalves.Thisdisprovedideaslikeonlytherighthemispherebeingformusicorart.Scientistsagreethattheoldtheoryaboutonesideofthebraincontrollinggeneraltraitsisoutdated.(2013年，科学家对1000多名年轻人进行了扫描。他们发现，虽然语言等一些功能更多地与大脑的一侧有关，但大多数大脑网络都使用两个半球。这反驳了只有右半球负责音乐或艺术的观点。科学家们一致认为，关于大脑一侧控制一般特征的旧理论已经过时了。)”可知，2013年对1000多名年轻人的扫描显示大多数大脑网络涉及两个半球。故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Differentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Thenetworkscanchange,especiallywhenthebrainishurt.Thingslikecreativityandlogicaretooplicatedtobeonlyinonepartofthebrain.Bothsidesofthebrainworktogetherforeverythingwedo.(大脑的不同部分协同工作。神经网络会发生变化，尤其是当大脑受到伤害时。像创造力和逻辑这样的东西太复杂了，不可能只存在于大脑的一个部分。我们所做的每件事都是左右脑共同作用的。)”结合本文纠正了大脑左右半球分工理论，阐释了大脑双侧协同工作机制。可知，文章的主要目的是纠正对左右脑理论的误解，说明大脑的两个半球是协同工作的。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDealWithaFriendWhoHasChangedChangeisanormalpartoflife.____36____Ifyoufindthatafriendisactingdifferentlytowardyouthantheydidinthepast,orifyourfeelingstowardthemhavechanged,itmaybetimetoexaminetherelationshipanddeterminewhetheryouneedtomakechangesinthataspectofyourlife.Discussyourproblemswithamutualfriend.Youmightfindthatyou’renottheonlyonehavingissueswithaparticularperson.Sharingyourproblemscanmakebothofyoufeelbetter.Together,youmightbeabletodeterminethebestcourseofaction.Youdon’twanttobeaccused(控诉)ofgossiping(说三道四)ortalkingbehindyourfriend’sback.____37____Askyourfriendifanythingiswrong.Thedirectapproachisoftenthebestone.Forexample,oneofyourclosefriendshassuddenlybeedistant(疏远的)andignoredyou.____38____Ifyoufeelthatyourrelationshipwithsomeonehaschanged,chancesaretheyhavenoticedadifferencetoo,andwillbewillingtotalktoyou.Considerpossiblemedicalissues.Ifafriend’sattitudetowardyouhaschangedthoroughly,itmightbeasignofadeeperproblemlikedepression.Ifyoureallythinkthatyourfriendmighthaveamedicaldisorder,encouragethemtoseekprofessionaladvice.____39____Ifyourfriendishesitant,assurethemthatamedicalprofessionalcouldhelpwithwhattheyareexperiencing.___40___Thiscansetapositivetonefortheconversationandsoftenyourcriticismofthem.Iftheissueisthatyounolongerseeyourfriend,youmightsay,“Ireallylikedwhenweusedtospendtimetogether,butlatelyitseemslikeyou’vebeenavoidingme.”A.Soseektheadviceofjustonemutualfriend.B.Youmayapologizeforyourpastmistakesinperson.C.Insomeinstances,suggestingmedicalhelpisnecessary.D.Beginbysayingsomethingthatyoulikeaboutyourfriend.E.Reachouttoafriendifyouarehavingproblemswiththem.F.Inthiscase,youmayaskthemwhetheryouareinthewrong.G.However,sometimesthewayspeoplechangecanaffecttheirpersonalrelationships.【答案】36.G37.A38.F39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了当你的朋友和你的关系发生了变化时，你应该如何处理。【36题详解】上文“Changeisanormalpartoflife.(改变是生活中正常的一部分。)”说明变化是生活的正常部分，下文“Ifyoufindthatafriendisactingdifferentlytowardyouthantheydidinthepast,orifyourfeelingstowardthemhavechanged,itmaybetimetoexaminetherelationshipanddeterminewhetheryouneedtomakechangesinthataspectofyourlife.(如果你发现一个朋友对你的态度与过去不同，或者你对他们的感觉发生了变化，那么可能是时