第12讲 阅读还原-2024年八年级英语寒假提升学与练（原卷版）

第12讲阅读还原目录新知导航：熟悉题型，心中有数技巧精讲：典型例题，掌握技巧小试牛刀：考点剖析，过关检测培优精练：好题新题，培优提升题型分析题量：5道题，每道题目1至2分，共计5至10分。题型：根据文章内容从5至7个选项中(例如：江西省七选五；河南省、福建等省五选五），选出5项填入文中相应的空白处，使补全后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯。话题：题材广泛，包括服饰、日常生活、娱乐与媒体、饮食、医疗健康与运动、爱好、住房与家庭等。考点：主要考查考生对文章架构、整体内容和篇章衔接知识的运用。解题步骤第一步：速读全文，理解文章大意和结构。阅读过程中要注意文章的开头与结尾。首段对快速把握文章主题具有重要意义，作者往往会在开篇提出话题，点明文章主要探讨的内容。如果首段没有提到文章主题，则应快速浏览各段首句和结尾句，从而把握文章主要内容。第二步：细读文章,寻找解题线索。浏览全文，明确文章主题后,应仔细阅读全文，标记出空格前后句子中的解题线索，如语意逻辑线索、核心词汇线索、代词线索等，再从备选项中寻找相关联的线索。对于一时拿不准的空格，可暂时搁置一边，继续往下读，读完整篇文章,清楚文章的主旨、段落之间的逻辑关系之后，再回过头做剩下的题目。第三步：代入选项，检查上下文语意是否合乎逻辑。完成选项后，应通读全文，检查上下句语意是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题、语篇结构是否合乎逻辑。最后，还应注意分析排除的干扰项，确保排除的选项与文章主题和空格前后语句没有关联。答题技巧第一点：答题前应先速读全文，理解文章主旨和文章框架。切忌边看文章边作答。第二点：作答时应先细读每个选项，注意填的选项与上下文语意是否衔接、逻辑是否连贯。第三点：每选择一个选项，都要确保其他选项均不能填入该空格处。第四点：作答完成后，还应再次通读全文，检查所填的选项是否正确。解题策略根据空格位置解题当空格设在段首时，空格处可能是段落主题句。此时，考生应仔细阅读段落内容，选择与段落大意一致的选项。此外，空格处还可能是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。这种情况下，考生需要瞻前顾后，即阅读上一段结尾部分及空格后面内容，寻找能将前后内容衔接起来的过渡句。当空格设在段中时，空格处多填过渡性句子或细节句。这种情况下，空格处往往与上下文存在某种语意逻辑关系，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系。这时应仔细阅读前后句子，根据文中关键词，在备选项中寻找语意、逻辑与之关联的选项。(3)当空格设在段尾时，空格处通常是概括性的结论，这时应注意查找包含结论、总结的选项，如therefore、asaresult、so等表达。根据逻辑线索解题语篇是连贯的，换言之，语篇之所以不是一堆散乱的语言片段，是因为组成语篇的各部分(段落、句子、短语等)之间具有一定的逻辑语意关系。语篇中的各种逻辑关系通过一些标志词体现，牢牢抓住这些逻辑关系词，问题往往可迎刃而解。以下是一些表示逻辑关系的标志词：表示转折让步关系：but、yet、however、although、instead、though、while、whereas、despite等。表示并列递进关系：and、or、also、besides、even、similarly、inthesameway、meanwhile、furthermore、moreover等。表示因果关系：therefore、thus、asaresult、forthisreason、ofcourse等。表示解析、举例关系：forexample、forinstance、thatistosay、inotherwords、thatmeans等。巧用代词线索解题代词用于指代上文提及的人、事物或整句话。空格前后、选项中出现代词时，应查找到具体代指的内容，代入选项后检查前后语意是否连贯、合乎逻辑。巧用代词线索，不仅有助于提高解题速度，而且有助于提高答题的准确率。命题点分类命题点1

根据承上启下关系推断[例1]Supposeyou’reinLondonandtryingtofindthebustotakeyoutoHydePark.Thisshouldbeeasy.Butifyoucan’tspeakthelanguage,itcanbeaproblem.Whatwillyoudo?

Knowtheplaceyouwanttogo.Youcanalwaystellothersthenameoftheplacewhereyouwanttogo…Whateveritis,ifyoudoalittlehomeworktorememberitsname,youcanaskthewaymuchmoreeasily.A.Hereissomeadviceonhowtoaskthewayinaforeigncountry.B.Takeamaporapicture.[例2]Whatishealth?“Health”meanseatingwell,gettingenoughexercise,andhavingahealthyweight.Let’sreadthefollowingrules.

1.Eatdifferentkindsoffoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.

Weallknowthateatingfruitandvegetablescanhelpusstayhealthy,…Rememberthatwecanonlygetthenutrition(营养)weneedbyeatingdifferentkindsoffoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.A.Theyincludealotofsugar.B.Theycanhelpyoukeephealthy.[例3]You’vebeenlearningwordssinceyouwereatinybaby.Atfirst,youlearnedthemonlybyhearingotherpeopletalk.Nowthatyou’reareader,youhaveanotherwaytolearnwords.Whatshouldyoudowhenyoucometoawordandyouthinkyoudon’tknowwhatitmeans?

SayitFirst,sounditout.Thensayittoyourself.…Sometimesyouknowawordinyourheadbutyoudon’tknowwhatitlookslikeinprint.Soifyoumatchupwhatyouknowandwhatyouread─youhavetheword!A.Youcanfindthewordinadictionary.B.Followingsomeeasystepscanhelpyou.命题点2根据并列递进关系推断[例]Volunteeringallowsvolunteerstomeetnewpeople,tryoutnewskillsandexplorecareerchoices.

TakeAndrewMakhoul,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,asanexample.Andrewdidn’tspendhislastspringbreakrelaxing.Instead,the19-year-oldboydecidedtodosomethingforpeoplewhowerelessluckythanhimself.Hetravelledtoanorphanage(孤儿院)inGuatemalainCentralAmerican…Anditdependsonvolunteerstostayopen.A.Itisachanceforpoorchildrentogetbettercareandsupport.B.Foryoungadults,valuablelessonsmayalsobelearnedthroughvolunteering.命题点3根据转折关系推断[例1]Youmayhavealreadyforgottenthedayswhenyouhadtolearnhowtousechopsticks.EveryChinesekidstruggleswiththemforsometime.

Theycomewiththeirownspecialrulesandtraditions.A.HowChinesekidslearntousechopsticks?B.Butchopsticksarenotjustsimpletoolstopickupfood.[例2]Whenyouareateenager,itseemsthateverytimeyousay,“Iwantto…”,yourparentsanswer,“No,youcan’t.”Teenagersoftenthinktheyshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecisions,

.LiHai,a15-year-oldboyfromHuarong,isamiddleschoolstudent.Heisoftenlateforschoolbecausehestaysuptoolate…Unlesshearrivesatschoolontime,hewillbepunishedbyhisteacher.A.hewillarguewithhisfatherormotherB.buttheirparentsmayworryaboutchildren’sdevelopment命题点4同词复现[例1]LiEnhuisaidinaninterview,“Aslongaswearealive,therearenoproblemsthatcannotbesolved,andmanypeopledon’thavemyexperiences.

Suchanideamakesmanyadultsfeelembarrassed.A.“Poorstudents”areusuallyhard-workingandcaring.B.Andtheseexperiencesmakemegrowandbecomebetter.[例2]Stayclean.

Noonelikesabadsmellthatcouldknocksomeoneover.Showereveryday,brushyourteethandwashyourhair.

1

Berespectfulofpeople’sdifferences.

2

Andeveryonebelievesindifferentthings.Itisagoodthingtohavedifferentfriendswithdifferentopinionsbecauseyoucaneachshareyourown.A.Startinganewlifemightmakeyouexcited.B.Everyonehashisorherownopinionoftheworld.C.Youaresupposedtomakeyourselflookcleanandtidy,whateveryouwear.[例3]Themostimportantwaytomanageyourtimeistosetpriorities(优先权).

Also,considerwhetherornottheyareurgent—iftheyneedtobedonerightaway.Itcanbeeasytoforgetimportanttasksthataren’turgent,somaketimeforthem.A.ThatwayIcanmakesureIdon’tforgetanything.B.Figureoutwhichofyourtaskisthemostimportant.[例4]◆Createacomfortablereadingspace.Chooseaspecialplacewithrightfurnishings(装饰)，blanketsandpillowsforyourchildrenandputabookcaseofyourchildren’sbooks.

1

Ifyourchildrenfeelliketheyhavegottheirownspecialplaceforreading,theywillprobablyspendtimeintheirlittlespacewithalltheirnewfavoritebooks.◆

2

Ifyouwantyourchildrentolearntolovereading,setasideafewminuteseverydaytoreadtogether,nomatterhowbusyyouare.A.Setasidetimetoreadtogether.B.Readingtogetheristheperfectwaytorelaxbeforebedtime.C.Thisspecialplacemaypushyourchildrentostarttolovereading.命题点5根据同畴词推断Asoneoftheworldtopuniversities,Stanfordhasmanysubjectsthatstandamongthetoponesintheworld.

1

Ifyouwanttostudycomputerinauniversityabroad,maybeitisyourbestchoice.A.ThetallestbuildinginStanfordisHooverTower.B.Andcomputersciencehasbeenthefirstformanyyears.（一）Doyouthinkthatyouarenotoutgoingenough?Areyoutooshytomakefriends?1Theywillhelpyou.Feelcomfortable.Alwaysbeclean.Takeashower,brushyourteeth,andtrytolooknice.Dressincleanclothes.2Thenyourfriendswilllikeyouverymuch.3Trytosmilemoreoftenatpeople.Itwillmakethemthinkthatyouarefriendly.Thenpeoplewanttotalktoyoumoreeveniftheydon’tknowyou.Justtalk.Somepeopleworryabouttalkingbecausetheythink,“WhatamIgoingtotalkaboutwiththatperson?”4Theyjustgouptopeopleandsaywhattheythink.Listentopeople.Youcan’tjusttalkallthetime.Youhavetolistentoothersandgiveyourideas.Letthemknowyoucareaboutthem.Readthenews.5SurftheInternetfornewsandinformation,andtalkaboutthemwhenyouarewithyourfriends.A．Theymustmakeyoufeelgoodandcomfortable.B．Don’tjuststayathomeanddonothing.C．Listentoyourfriendswhentheyaretalking.D．Outgoingpeopledon’teventhinkaboutit.E．Readthefollowingrules.F．Smilemoreoften.（二）I’mCarol.Beckyismybestfriend.Sheistallandthinwithlongcurlyhair.6Oneday,Iwaseatinglunchinthedininghall.Iwasnotcarefulandknockedover(打翻)mysoup.Igotmyclotheswet.OtherstudentslaughedatmebutBeckydidn’t.Whatdidshedo?Shehelpedmemakemyclothesclean.Itreallytouchedmyheart.7IlikeBecky,thoughwearedifferentinsomeways.Sheisveryfunny,butI’malittleshy.Sheworksharderthanme,soshealwaysgetsgoodpoints.Bettylikeswritinganddancing,butIlikeplayingthepiano.Bothofuslikesports.Beckyplaystennisverywell,andshealwayswinstennisgames.Iamgoodatbadminton.Beckyhasalargefamily.Ihaveasmallone.Shehastwodogs.Idon’tlikedogs.Becky’sfamilyispoor.8IonlyspeakEnglish.BeckycanspeakEnglishandChinese.9EverySaturday,IgotoBecky’shouse,orshecomestomyhouse.Becky’smotherandmymotherdon’thavemuchincommon.However,theydon’tminddrivingustoeachother’shomesothatwecanplaytogether.Beckyshareseverythingwithme.10根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。A．Thenwebecamegoodfriends.B．Myparentshavealotofmoney.C．Ihavemanygoodfriendsatschool.D．Ifirstmetherintheschooldininghall.E．HowluckyIamtohaveafriendlikeher.F．Beckylivesinanothertownnotfarfrommine.（三）Igrewupinthecountryside.Ilearnedtocookattheageofabout10.Myfirsttimetocookwasmakingdough（面团）.Ithoughtitwouldbeeasy—justmixwaterwithflour.Butitturnedtobedifferent.FirstImadethedoughtoosoft.11ButasIkepttrying,Ilearnedhowtomakeitmoresuccessfully.Later,Icookeddishesandthingslikedumplings.Ifellinlovewithcooking.It’sagoodwaytorelax.Nowworkingathome,Icookeverymealinsteadoforderingdelivery（外卖）.12Besidescooking,Ididalotoffarmworkinmychildhood.13Itwashardwork,butIlearnedalot.14Buttheycan’tbringyouthejoyoflearningknowledgedirectly.Theybringanewwaytolookattheworld.You’llthinkeverythingonyourplateisimportant.I’mhappytoknowthatthereislaboreducation（劳动教育）inprimaryandmiddleschoolsinChina.Studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshaveatleastoneclasseveryweektolearnsimplehouseholdskillslikecookingandcleaning.15Andyouwillbethankfulfortheseskillsinthefuture.A．ThenImadeittoohard.B．Iamtoobusytocookmeals.C．Iknowhowtoplantvegetables.D．Itsavesmoneyandisgoodformyhealth.E．Theseskillswillhelpyoufortherestofyourlife.F．Someonemightsaywecanlearnthesefrombooks.（一）WhatisChineseNewYear?ChineseNewYeariscelebratedeveryyearbyChinesepeople.ItisthelongestandthemostimportantholidayforalotofAsiancountriessuchasChina,Singapore,andMalaysia.1ManypeoplevisittheirlocalChinatown(唐人街)tojoinintheactivitiesforit.ChineseNewYeardoesn’thappenonthesamedayeachyear,anditisnotonwhatyoumightknowasNewYear’sDay(January1).ItusuallyfallssomewherebetweenJanuary21standFebruary19.2Whatarethecelebrations?TherearemanytraditionsforaChineseNewYear.Oneofthemisredenvelopes.3InChineseculture,itmeansgoodluckandhappiness.Peoplegiveeachothermoneyinsmallandredenvelopes.Itisusuallyolderpeoplewhogivethemtotheyoung.Lionanddragondancesareverytraditional,too.Theperformersareusuallyunderthelionanddragoncostumes.Theydancewithloudmusictochase(驱赶)awaybadluck.4Foodisveryimportantatthistimeoftheyear.Chickenandprawnsrepresent(代表)happiness.5Peoplealsoeatdumplingsforgoodluck.LikeChristmas,friendsandfamilyallgettogethertoeatandenjoythehappytimewitheachother.A．Itwillbetheyearoftherabbit.B．Thedancesareveryfuntowatch.C．Noodlesareasymboloflonglife.D．ThecolorredisveryluckytotheChinese.E．In2024,ChineseNewYearfallsonFebruary10th.F．Thefestivalisalsopopularallovertheworld.（二）TheLabaFestivalisonthe8thdayofthe12thlunarmonth.6ThistraditioncouldgobacktotheSongDynasty(960—1279).Fromtheimperialcourt(宫廷)toeveryfamily,cookingLabaRicePorridge(粥)wasaseasonalmust.Theynotonlycookedthedishfortheirownfamilymembers,butalsosentittoothersasagift.7SoLabaRicePorridgewasalsocalled“LongevityBlessingPorridge”(寿福粥)and“VirtueBlessingPorridge”(德福粥).Now,everyfamilywouldstillcookLabaRicePorridgeonthisday.Theyusuallymakeitwithdifferentkindsofrice,beans(豆类),nuts(坚果)anddriedfruits.Doyouknowhowtomakeit?8First,washthericeandbeansinwater.Next,putthemintoapot.9Then,cookitforoneandahalfhoursoverlowheat.10Finally,Turnofftheheatafteranother30minutes.Now,it’stimetoenjoythedeliciousLabaRicePorridge.A．Poursomewaterintoit.B．HereisonewaytomakeLabaRicePorridge.C．Theythoughtthiswouldmakethemluckyandhavealonglife.D．Thenallfamilymemberswouldgettogethertohavetheporridge.E．Afterthat,washthenutsanddriedfruit,andputthemintothepot.F．PeopleusuallycookandhaveLabaRicePorridgeonthisdaytocelebratethisfestival.（三）YesterdaywasThursday.ItwasLisa’sbirthday.SheinvitedherfriendsJetandSelenatoherbirthdayparty.Jethasscar.11Itwasraining.SelenawaitedforJetinfrontofthehouse.Atthattime,Jetgaveheracall.12ThenSelenadecidedtogotoLisa’shousebytaxi.Buttherewasnotaxionthestreet.Latershewalkedtothebusstation.Itstartedtorainhardandshefeltalittlecold.Abuspassed

(经过)justoneminuteago.13Shefeltcoldandtired.Shefellasleep

(入睡)aftershegotonthebussoshedidn’tgetoffattherightstop.SelenagotoffatthenextstopandwalkedtoLisa’shouse.14Lisatoldherhowtogothere.Atlast,shearrivedatLisa’shouse.15Thepartywasover.Herfriendsallwentbackhome.A．Shehadtowaitatthebusstation.B．Butshedidn’tfindthewaytoLisa’s