2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)专题01 非谓语动词（教师版）

第01讲非谓语动词目录语法导航：温习语法知识小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升考点一非谓语动词的形式和句法功能种类不定式动词ing动词ed时态一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式一般式主动todotobedoingtohavedonedoinghavingdone×被动tobedone×tohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone(vt.)表示被动完成主语√√×宾语√√×宾补√√√表语√√√定语√√√状语√√√考点二非谓语动词作状语1.动词ing（1.）表示：结果，时间，伴随，原因，条件，方式，让步...①结果：表示顺其自然的结果Ialwaysstudyhard,making(make)mehaveagoodgrade.我总是努力学习，使得我有好成绩。写作经常可以搭配含义“使”的动词（make,leave）使用来变成一个高级句子=由which“这”引导的定从Ialwaysstudyhard,making(make)mehaveagoodgrade.=Ialwaysstudyhard,whichmakes/leavesmehaveagoodgrade.②时间：doing表示与谓语动作发生时间差不多但发生在谓语动词之前强调先后要用havingdone！！！如果被动需变成havingbeendone可写在作文Hearing(hear)thenews,theygotveryexcited.“听到这个消息，他们很兴奋”Havingcleaned（clean）thedesks,webeganreadingbooks.“擦完桌子之后，我们便开始读书”Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheclassroom,weweretakentoseethelibrary.“我们被带领看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆”动词ed）表示动作与主语之间为动宾关系（被动）Seen(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.“从山顶上看，这座城市很美”动词todo①目的状语，不定式的动作必须由主语发出，位于句首和句中，形式上还可用inordertodo，soastodo，但是soastodo不能放于句首Inordertopass(pass)theexam,heworkedhard.“为了通过考试，他努力学习”Theymadeastudytostudy(study)thecreature.“为了研究这个生物，他们制定研究”②结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常于only连用（onlytodo）被动语态onlytobedoneWehurriedtothestation,onlytofind(find)thatthetrainhadleft.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果发现车已经走了”Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetold(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告诉车已经开车了”③原因状语，放在形容词和动词-ed形式之后做表语，与其构成原因状语，常见的有(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased...)一般搭配be：be+adj./v-ed+todo（固定）We’reproudtobe(be)youngpeopleofChina.“我们做为中国青年而自豪”独立主格结构（充当状语）作文高分的写法①结构：真正主语+谓语+逻辑主语+分词；也可以反过来逻辑主语+分词+真正主语+谓语！！记住要，隔开（两个主语）②独立主格=逻辑主语+分词③做状语④逻辑主语（名词/代词）+分词（adj./n./doing/done/todo...）！！！写作分词部分我们就写adj.doing（主动）done（被动）Thework（逻辑主语）done（分词）,we(真正的主语)went（谓语）home.“工作做完之后，我们回家”Mom(真主)insisted（谓语）thatwe（should）gocampinginthenextvillage，hereyes（逻辑主语）twinkling（分词）withjoy.“妈妈坚持要求我们在一下个村庄野营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒”随堂小练11.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.

答案exceeding2.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.

答案tosave3.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.

答案allowing4.ManyChinesebrands,(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.

答案havingdeveloped5.Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.

答案tocook6.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.

答案tocreate7.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.

答案using8.(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,youdbetterkeepthiscardathand.

答案Tomake9.(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

答案Ordered10.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.

答案turning考点三非谓语动词作定语1.动词ing①单个动词ing一般做前置定语，动词ing形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调动作。asleepingcar=acarforsleeping②主动进行Youspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnecting(connect)CuscotoLakeTiticaca.2.动词ed①单个动词ed一般做前置定语，动词ed形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，特征，强调状态。Thepollutedwatercauseddiseasesanddeath.②被动完成TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.“成立于1911的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家”③由前面doing强调动作正在进行和done强调状态完成，可得某些短语的区别：boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater已经烧开的水（开水）动词todo①通常位于所修饰的名词或者代词之后，与其构成主谓或者动宾的关系Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主谓)Haveyougotalettertowrite?(动宾)②当名词或代词前有序数词，形容词最高级，thevery，thelast，theonly修饰，且与逻辑主语为主谓关系时，用动词不定式做定语！！！被动语态tobedoneHeisthebestmantodothejob.Heisthelastmantobetoldthenews.③当名词是表示将来的抽象意义（dream，goal，ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity...）用todo做后置定语（固定）主动表被动Shegotachancetostudyabroad.④作定语的动词不定式中，其中动词为不及物动词，不定式要加必要的介词。Heisaverynicepersontoworkwith.随堂小练21.Asugarpaintingismadewith(melt)brownorwhitesugar.

答案melted2.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace(sleep),butIrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.

答案tosleep3.ThesurveyofateaminCanadafoundthatoneinfourofallmicrofibersinthesamples(take)acrossCanada,fromTorontototheArcticwerebluejeans.

答案taken4.Theyfeelthefullstoponce(use)intraditionaltextingisnotessentialatallbecausethemessageisnowendedjustbysendingit.

答案used5.Intheexperiments,theresearchersaskedhundredsofparticipantstowriteanemailtosomeoneclosetothem(express)theirappreciationandgivingaspecificexampleofhowthatpersonmadetheirlivesbetter.

答案expressing6.TOYOTAhasannouncedane-PaletteConceptVehicle(概念车)(design)tomeetvariousdemandsoffuturetransportationandbusinessapplications.

答案designed7.TheHZMB,(locate)atthewatersoftheLingdingyangofPearlRiverestuary,isahugesea-crossingbridge,linkingHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai.

答案located8.Asweallknow,themarathonisanother,whichisalong-distancerace(create)inhonourofaGreeksoldierrunningfromMarathontoAthenstoreportthevictoryattheBattleofMarathon.

答案created9.Onaverage,freshorganicfruitsandvegetablescontain50percentmorevitaminsandmineralsthanfood(treat)withchemicals.

答案treated10.LouisCha,better(know)byhispennameJinYong,diedonTuesdayattheHongKongSanatorium&Hospitalatage94.

答案known考点四非谓语动词作宾补复合结构With1.with+O.+OC.(充当定语和状语)OC.①:形容词或介词短语或副词（形容词比较常见）Witheverythingready:一切准备就绪②:doing:主动进行③:done:被动完成④:todo:主动将来Find（found，found）2.find+o.+oc.Oc.①:形容词或者介词短语②：doing：主动进行③：done：被动完成或者状态扩展：find+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词+todo(真正的宾语)...感官动词感官动词+o.+oc.（see,notice,lookat,watch,observe,spot,listento,hear,feel,taste,smell...）Oc.①doing:主动进行②done：被动完成③（to）do：主动，全过程！！！省略to的不定式！！！扩展：③用于被动语态中要还原to，此时宾补变成主补。Iseehimenterthebuilding.(主动)Hewasseentoenterthebuilding.(被动)使役动词使役动词+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)Oc.①doing:主动进行②done：被动完成③（to）do：主动持续！！！get和let不省略to随堂小练31.AsIapproachedmycar,Inoticedoneperson(stand)besideme.

答案standing2.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,QinShiHuanghadallthewalls(join)up.

答案joined3.Withlesspeople(choose)tomakesugarpaintings,thetraditionalChinesefolkcraftmighthavebecomeadistantmemoryinsomeways.

答案choosing4.Inwesterncountries,afteralongdaywiththesun(burn)yourback,abottleofcoldwatersoundsliketheperfectsolution.

答案burning5.Donotopenyourmouthtotalk,unlessyouhaveswallowedyourfood.Also,chewfoodwithyourmouth(close).

答案closed考点五非谓语动词作主语和宾语和表语1．动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词(短语)作主语，表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词(短语)置于后面。动名词(短语)用it作形式主语代替时，常用于“Itisnouse/gooddoingsth”结构中。不定式和动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。①It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。②Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.只学习不实践没有好处。③It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。2．动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语(1)afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。①Thesmallboywantedtoownacomputerofhisown.这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。(2)come,get,grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。②Shehasahottemper,butyouwillgrowtolikeher.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。(3)admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等动词后要接动名词作宾语。③BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.比尔建议召开一个关于在假期为世博会做些什么的会议。(4)giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。④Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。(5)动词like,love,prefer,hate等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动名词，表示具体的行为要用不定式。⑤Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)动词need,require,want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。且句子的主语通常为表示事物的名词。与此有相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。⑥Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.窗户需要擦了。(7)介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。⑦Uponarrivingattheairport,hedeliveredanimportantspeech.一到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。⑧Hehasnothingtodobutliedownandsleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。(8)动词，如：find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等常用于“...it＋adj./n.＋todo”结构中，it为形式宾语，todo为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。⑨Hefounditdifficulttoworkouttheproblem.他发现很难解决这一问题。(9)既可用动名词，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：例词后接动名词后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regretdoing表示动作已发生remember/forget/regrettodo表示动作未发生trytrydoing试着做trytodo努力做stopstopdoing停止正在干的事stoptodo停下来做别的事⑩IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的事物。⑪—Iregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyinterview!——我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！3．动词不定式、动词­ing形式和过去分词可用作表语(1)当动词­ing形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。①Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。②Sheisinterestedinthestory.她对那个故事感兴趣。(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。③Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。④Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。（2）主语是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前进是现在唯一的出路。4．“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构。该结构是对不定式用法的一个扩展其用法为：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语等,b.常见特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等,和疑问副词how，when，where等,c.“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”相当于一个名词,性从句，所以常常可以用对应的从句来代替))①Theteachertaughtthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.(作宾语)老师教学生们如何做这个实验。②Whentostart(＝Whenweshallstart)hasnotbeendecided.(作主语)何时动身尚未决定。③Theproblemiswheretoputthiscomputer.(作表语)问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。注意：（1）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等词后作宾语。（2）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。（3）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”中，用特殊疑问副词和whether时，不定式用主动形式；用疑问代词，且构成不定式的动词与疑问代词为动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定式后一般不能再加宾语。随堂小练31.Thedaughter,ZhiNu,andthecowherd,NiuLang,got(marry)andthecouplelivedhappilyforseveralyears.

答案married2.Itwouldbegood(explain)tothestudentswhatskillstheycangetthroughcoursesorassignmentsatdifferentstages.

答案toexplain3.Firstofall,(become)awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress.

答案becoming4.Theyoftenseem(dislike)beingquestioned.

答案todislike5.Butmobilephonesarealsoathreattoourhealth.(use)themfortoolongtendstomakeuspassiveandignorephysicalexercise,whichwillcauseobesityandpooreyesight.

答案Using6.Toreallyappreciateandunderstandanotherlanguageyouneed(understand)itscultureandphilosophy.

答案tounderstand7.WorldIndustrialDesignDayisforteachingpeopleaboutthehistoryofindustrialdesignandpotentially(get)peopleinterestedintheprofession.

答案getting8.Hewalkedawayfromhisrealestatecareertocommithislifeto(help)otherschangetheirlivesandovercometheirchallenges.

答案helping基础过关考点一、单词语法填空1．Theystartedtowardsthevillagewiththeboy(lead)theway.【答案】leading【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们向村子走去，男孩在前面带路。此处为with复合结构，动词lead和宾语theboy之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填leading。ThereisonethingIdislikeabouthim.Heneveradmits(make)amistake.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他身上有一点是我不喜欢的。他从不承认错误。admitdoingsth.“承认做过某事”是固定短语，动名词作宾语。故填making。3．Alotofpeopleattachgreatimportanceto(become)richandfamous.【答案】becoming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人非常重视变得富有和出名。此处是固定搭配attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.意为“非常重视做某事”，to是介词，动名词作宾语。故填becoming。4．Hisdearestwishis(see)hisgrandchildrenagain.【答案】tosee【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最衷心的愿望是能再见到他的孙子们。分析句子结构和意思可知，动用动词不定式结构，表示将来。故填tosee。5．Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendup(get)somethingyoudon’twant.【答案】getting【解析】考查动名词。句意：如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终可能会得到一些你不想要的东西。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语endupdoingsth.，意为“最终做某事”，get用动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。6．Johnisnothere.Try(phone)hishomenumber,andmaybeyoucanfindhim.【答案】phoning【解析】考查动名词。句意：约翰不在。试试拨打他家的电话号码，也许你能找到他。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语trydoingsth.，意为“试着做某事”，phone用动名词形式作宾语。故填phoning。7．Mollytoldme(use)flashcardswasoneofthemostusefullearningstrategies.【答案】using【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：莫莉告诉我使用抽认卡是最有用的学习策略之一。分析句子，设空处使用动名词作主语。故填using。8．Theeducationalsoftware(aim)athelpingstudentsimprovetheirmathskillshasbeenupdatedtoincludemoreinteractivelessonsandadditionalexercises.【答案】aimed/aiming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在帮助学生提高数学技能的教育软件已经更新，包括更多的互动课程和额外的练习。该空非谓语动词形式，beaimedatdoingsth.是固定短语，用其过去分词aimed作后置定语；非谓语动词aim和前文名词短语Theeducationalsoftware之间也可看作是主动关系，可用其现在分词作后置定语。故填aimed/aiming。9．Herjobis(teach)signlanguageinaschool.【答案】toteach/teaching【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在一所学校教手语。分析句子，设空处可以使用不定式结构作表语，表示“将要去教学”用toteach；或者使用动名词作表语即teaching。故填toteach或者teaching。10．Withhiseyes(focus)onhisscreen,hedidn’tnoticemeenterhisstudio.【答案】focused【解析】考查with的复合结构和非谓语动词。句意：他的眼睛聚焦在屏幕上，没有注意到我进入了他的工作室。focusone’seyeson“把眼睛集聚焦在”。分析句子结构可知，本句用了with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，且hiseyes与focus为被动关系，故用过去分词focused，作with宾语补足语。故填focused。11．Thedigitalagealsoenablesus(find)peoplewhoshareourinterests,suchascollectingmodelcarsorplayinganunusualinstrument.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。固定搭配enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”，此处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填tofind。12．ForAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasy(explain).【答案】toexplain【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对Alistair来说，他的决定很容易解释。此处是“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，是固定用法，故填toexplain。13．Weneedtotryotherapproachesto(solve)theproblem.【答案】solving【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要尝试其他方法来解决这个问题。动词solve意为“解决”；approachtodoingsth.“做某事的方法”；故本空填动名词solving，作介词to的宾语。故填solving。14．Withthenight(fall),therewasnonewsandIwasonpinsandneedles.【答案】falling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：夜幕降临，没有任何消息，我如坐针毡。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，结合句意可知，fall与宾语thenight之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填falling。15．Theonlywayforus(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.【答案】tosurvive【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们生存的唯一途径是与自然和谐相处。waytodosth.做某事的方法/途径。根据句意，故填tosurvive。16．Onsocialmediasites,peopletend(post)onlypositiveupdatesthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.【答案】topost【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让他们看起来快乐和友好的积极更新。动词post意为“发布”，tendtodo意为“倾向于做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用todo不定式。故填topost。17．Youcouldn’timaginethetroublewehad(learn)theEnglishidioms.【答案】learning【解析】考查动名词。句意：你无法想象我们学习英语习语的麻烦。分析可知，本句为省略了引导词that的定语从句，先行词为thetrouble，havetrouble(in)doingsth表示“做某事有困难(很费力)”，故填learning。18．Ourmonitorwassittinginthelibrary,withherhead(bury)inthebookinherhands.【答案】buried【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的班长坐在图书馆里，头埋在手里的书里。bury(埋进……中)作with复合结构中宾语herhead的补足语，与其逻辑主语herhead之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填buried。19．(occupy)himselfwiththejob,thepresidenthaslittletimewithhisfamily.【答案】Occupying【解析】查非谓语动词。句意：总统忙于工作，几乎没有时间和家人在一起。occupyoneselfwith意为“忙于”。结合句意可知，动词occupy和逻辑主语thepresident之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Occupying。20．Our(late)forschoolmadetheteacherangry.【答案】beinglate【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们上学迟到使老师生气了。分析句子可知，空处和Our以及forschool搭配，作句子的主语，Our为逻辑主语，belatefor是固定短语，意为“迟到”，空处应用动名词beinglate，构成动名词复合结构。故填beinglate。能力提升一、语法填空Theideaof1.(be)abletowalkonthewaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventusever2.(accomplish)suchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmass(质量)pushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,3.(result)inalotofpressurethatmakesus4.(sink).

However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonthewater.Oneofthemost5.(interest)animalsisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrossthewaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoiding6.(get)wetbyrapidly7.(hit)thewater’ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeep8.(move)forward.Forhumans9.(do)this,we’dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourears10.(create)adequate“hitting”.

[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了能在水上行走的动物。1.eresting6.getting7.hitting8.moving9.todo10.tocreate二、语法填空Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—1.(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater.

Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2.(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin3.(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.

Theresearchers,4.(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided5.(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid6.(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.

Theybeganby7.(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople8.(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater9.(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.10.(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.

[语篇解读]树木对我们的日常生活非常重要,它们不仅给我们提供食物、木材,最重要的是,它们还给我们提供生存必需的氧气。树木对我们的生活还有一个非常重要的作用,即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入我们的水源。1.blocking2.consisting3.developing4.led5.toturn6.toflow7.cutting8.related9.containing10.Encouraged2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___36___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___37___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___38___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he___40___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes___41___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___43___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy___44___(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___45___tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.【答案】36.falling37.The38.asleep39.tosee40.accidentally41.and42.wasfixing43.threw44.son's45.how【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。36考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的holdout为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”，child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。37考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brownfamily构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。38考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fallasleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。39考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbup为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用todo不定式作目的状语。故填tosee。40考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。41考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。42考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的whenheheardthescreams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为wasfixing。故填wasfixing。43考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的andstarted构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。44考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。45考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+todo不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。2022年全国甲卷阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___41___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___42___losthiseyesightatt