习题讲解(2)上课讲义

Chapter5OperatingCycleforaMerchandiser

Beginswiththepurchaseofmerchandiseandendswiththecollectionofcashfromthesaleofmerchandise.PurchasesMerchandise

inventoryCreditsalesAccount

receivableCash

collectionPurchasesMerchandise

inventoryCash

salesCashSaleCreditSaleC2相关分录Purchase现购：Dr:MerchandiseInventory（以下简称M/I）Cr:Cash赊购：Dr:M/ICr:AccountsPayable（以下简称A/P）发生与购货相关的运输费，支付现金，应该直接增加存货成本Dr:M/ICr:Cash在付款前发生购货退回或折让Dr:A/PCr:M/I支付购货欠款并取得现金折扣Dr:A/PCr:CashM/I在付款后取得现金回扣（refund）Dr:CashCr:M/I发生销售退回：Dr:SalesReturnsandAllowancesCr:A/RDr:M/ICr:COGS

注意：(1)每次发生销售业务或者销售退回业务的时候，一定要记得考虑增加或者减少销售成本！(2)SalesReturnsandAllowances就是一个固定的账户名称，不要拆开写。收回应收款项并给与折扣：Dr:CashSalesDiscountsCr:A/R给予现金折扣（cashrefund）Dr:SalesReturnsandAllowancesCr:Cash由于这里只是给予现金折扣，而没有发生退货，因此不需要调整相关的M/I和COGS的金额。Exercise5-91ChillerDr:MerchandiseInventory 2,800 Cr:AccountsPayable 2,800SellerDr:A/R2,800Cr:Sales2,800Dr:COGSxxxCr:M/Ixxx2ChillerDr:AccountsPayable 2,800 Cr:MerchandiseInventory56(2800×2%） Cash 2,744SellerDr:Cash2,744SalesDiscounts56Cr:A/R2,8003ChillerDr:Cash 98(100×(1-2%)) Cr:MerchandiseInventory 98SellerDr:SalesReturnsandAllowances98Cr:Cash98因为这里只是给予现金返回，而没有发生退货，因此seller在这里不需要调整M/I和COGS

4ChillerDr:MerchandiseInventory 140 Cr:Cash 1405ChillerDr:AccountsReceivable 3,024Cr:Sales 3,024Dr:CostofGoodsSold 1,512 Cr:MerchandiseInventory 1,5126 ChillerDr:SalesReturnsandAllowances 205 Cr:AccountsReceivable 205Dr:MerchandiseInventory 115 Cr:CostofGoodsSold 115这里因为发生了退货，所以要调整M/I和COGS对于退货方来说Dr:A/P205Cr:M/I205Exercise5-23、Creditterms:2/10,n/60借款日期：thelastdayofthediscountperiod还款日期：thelastdayofthecreditperiod所以借款期限=60-10=50天借款本金=30,000×（1-2%）=29,400年息=29,400×8%=2,352日息=2,352÷365=6.44借款利息=6.44×50=322因为折扣省下的钱=30,000×2%=600省下的净额=600-322=278Chapter6SpecificIdentificationWheneachitemininventorycanbeidentifiedwithaspecificpurchaseandinvoice,wecanusespecificidentificationtoassigncosts.First-in,First-out(FIFO)AssigncoststobothinventoryandCOGSassumesthatinventoryitemsaresoldintheorderacquired.Last-in,First-out(LIFO)Assigncostsassumesthatthemostpurchasesaresoldfirst.WeightedAverageThismethodrequiresthatweusetheweightedaveragecostperunitofinventoryatthetimeofeachsaletoassigncosts.Problem6-1AGrossProfit=Sales-COGS

GrossMargin=GrossProfit/Sales*100%

GrossMarginforFIFO

=45,030÷106,500×100%=42.28%

5. ThemanagerwouldlikelyprefertheLIFOmethodsincethismethod’sgrossprofitisthelargestat$50,525.Thiswouldgivethemanagerthehighestbonusbasedongrossprofit.

LowerofCostorMarket(LCM)Accountingprinciplesrequirethatinventorybereportedatthemarketvalueofreplacinginventorywhenmarketvalueislowerthancost.LCMtowholeLCMtocategoriesLCMtoitemsProblem6-2AFinancialStatementEffects

ofInventoryErrorsChapter7SpecialJournalsSalesJournalPurchaseJournalCashReceiptJournalCashDisbursementJournal答题建议：先做generaljournal,判断哪些要放入specialjournal，再做specialjournal.Exercise7-4分录Nov3Dr:M/I3,500Cr:A/P3,500Nov7Dr:A/R1,015Cr:Sales1,015Dr:COGS923Cr:M/I923Nov9Dr:Cash3,375Cr:NotesPayable3,375Nov13Dr:Cash4,675Cr:Capital4,675Nov18Dr:Cash261Cr:Sales261Dr:COGS147Cr:M/I147Nov22Dr:A/P3,500Cr:Cash3,500Nov27Dr:Cash995SalesDiscounts20Cr:A/R1,015Nov30Dr:SalaryExpenses1,750Cr:Cash1,750Chapter8CashOverandShort现金盈余或短缺PettyCashBankReconciliationCashOverandShort当实际持有的现金数额与现金的账面价值存在差异时，需要对现金的账面价值进行调整，所使用的科目就是cashoverandshort.情景1：某笔销售，记录销售额是550元，但是实际收到的现金是555元，则Dr：Cash555Cr：Sales550CashOverandShort5

情景2：某笔销售，记录销售额是550元，但是实际收到的现金是540元，则Dr：Cash540CashOverandShort10Cr:Sales550PettyCashEstablishingapettycashfundDr:PettyCashCr:CashReimbursementofpettycashDr:ExpensesCr:Cash

可以理解为以下2个分录的合并分录：

（1）Dr：ExpensesCr:PettyCash

（2）Dr:PettyCashCr:CashIncreasingordecreasingthepettycashfundIncreasing:Dr:PettyCashCr:CashDecreasing:Dr:CashCr:PettyCashExercise8-4EstablishmentofthepettycashfundonJan.1Dr:PettyCash

350Cr:Cash350ReimbursementofthepettycashfundDr:PostageExpense

67