Unit1SectionB基础知识和练习2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?一、根据句意和汉语提示完成单词。1.It’sgoingtoraintoday.Youshouldtakean________(雨伞)withyou.2.Therearesome________(不同)betweentheChinesecultureandtheJapaneseculture.3.Couldyougivemesomethingtoeat?I’mvery________(饥饿的).4.Ithinkthelittlegirlunderthetreeis________(等待)forhermother.5.Therearesomenew________(建筑物)inmyhometown.6.IthinkHuangguoshuWaterfallisveryw___________.7.Therearequiteaf___________appletreesthere.8.Thereiss______________wrongwithmyputer.9.Mr.Black______________(好像)tobequitehappy.10.Histalkmadeusfeelb_____________,sowewantedtogohome.11.Thegirld_________tobeasingerwhenshegrewup.12.Thecatranaftertheratandt_________tocatchit.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Therearemanynew_____________(build)inmyneighborhood.2.I’msorrytokeepyou___________(wait)forsolong.3.Afterclassweusuallydoalotof______________(activity)torelaxourselves.4.Thet____________(trade)efromdifferentcountries.5.Livinginthevillageisboring,sohe_____________(like)it.6.Onmynextdayoff,Idon'twant_________(go)foradrive.7.What________you________(see)whenyouwereinChicago?8.Thelittleboy___________(study)hardeveryday.9.They____________(notwatch)TVlastnight.10.Where________(be)youyesterday?I_________(be)youyesterday?11.Tom_________(e)herelastweek.12.Wedecided__________(go)abroadonvacation.13.Ithinkyoushouldtry____________(eat)morevagetables.三、根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1.那听起来很无趣。Thatsoundsvery_________.2.此后，他们就没有买其他的东西了。Afterthat,theydidn'tbuy____________________.3.王小姐喜欢在公园里照相。MissWanglikes___________________inthepark.4.把你的照片给我看看好吗？Canyou________meyourphotographs?5.这是一本有趣的书，你想读吗？Thisisan________book,doyouwanttoreadit?6.因为下雨，我们没有去看电影，Wedidn'tgotothemovies____________________therain.7.我想给妈妈买一件外套，Iwant_________acoat________mymother.8.箱子太重了，我搬不动。Theboxis__________________heavy,soIcan'tcarryit.四、阅读填词。OnMayDay,thestudentsinourclassh__________(1)agreattimeontheschooltrip.Wewenttothezoothatday.F__________(2)wewatchedam___________(3)aboutpandas.Nextwev__________(4)thepandasandtookalotofp___________(5).Theywerereallyshya_____________(6)lovely.Afterlunch,wewenttoagiftshopwhereweb____________(7)lotsofgifts.Finally,tiredbuthappy,wet__________(8)thebusbacktoschool.Atthee____________(9)oftheday,ourteacherwasveryhappy,becausewec____________(10)thebusafterthistrip.【语法讲解】语法讲解：一般过去时1.含义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间标志词：yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening)thedaybeforeyesterdaylastnight(week,Sunday,month,year...)(fivedays,twoyears...)agothismorning(afternoon,evening)justnow,theotherdayattheageof(six,twelve...)in+过去的年份when引导的时间状语从句（其动词用过去式）3.结构：肯定句：主语+谓语动词的过去式+其他否定句：1）含be动词，在be动词后加not2）含实义动词，在实义动词前加didn’t，并将实义动词还原一般疑问句：1）含be动词，把be动词提到句首2）含实义动词，句首加did，一二人称互换，并将实义动词还原特殊疑问句：按要求句型转换1.Mydadwasfine.（就划线部分提问）__________________________________4.动词过去式的变化：含be动词与含实义动词含be动词的过去式：am/iswas,arewere含实义动词的过去式：情况变化例词一般情况词尾edplayed,visited以不发音e结尾词尾dliked,lived以辅音字母加y结尾把y改成i，再edstudied,carried以重读闭音节结尾双写最后的字母，再edstopped,planned特殊情况不规则变化见课本不过则变化动词表不规则动词的过去式的构成不规则动词的过去式的变化各异，需要特殊记忆，每个不规则动词的变换形式，都必须牢记。不规则动词的过去式变化没有统一规律，但也并非一点规律也没有。（1）动词的过去式和动词原形一样let—let；put—put；read—read；cut—cut（2）遇见i变成aswim—swam；sing—sang；begin—began；sit—sat；give—gave；drink—drank助记：游泳（swim）唱歌（sing）后，开始（begin）坐（sit）下来，给（give）点喝（drink）的吧，i就变成a（3）过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词bring—brought；buy—bought；think—thought；catch—caught；teach—taught（4）中间去e末尾加tfeel—felt；keep—kept；sleep—slept；sweep—swept；meet—met；feed—fed（5）把i变为o（骑马，开车，写字）ride—rode；drive—drove；write—wrote（6）ow\aw变为ewknow—knew；grow—grew；throw—threw；draw—drew（7）以d结尾的词，把d变成tbuild—built；lend—lent；send—sent；spend—spent【巩固练习】一、单项选择。1.Susanwaslateforschool__________thesnow.A.because B.becauseof C.but D.so2.Lookatthe__________inthetree.It'ssingingoverthereA.apple B.bird C.orange D.pear3.—DoesTomgotoschool?—Yes.Heis_________togotoschool.A.enoughold B.youngenough C.oldenough D.enoughyoung4.—Didyoutryparaglidingyesterday?—Yes.I________asifIwereabird.ItwassoexcitingA.looked B.seemed C.sounded D.felt5.Doyouhaveanyplacesfortheingvacation?Sure.Wedecide__________SanyainJuly.visit B.visiting C.visited D.tovisit6.Lookattheblackclouds.Itseems________soon.A.rain B.raining C.torain D.rains7.I__________whyyoudidn'tetomyparty.Whathappened?A.know B.think C.wonder D.find8.Weneed__________playerstoplaybasketball.Wouldyouliketojoinus?A.anothertwo B.twoanother C.moretwo D.everytwo9.__________likeplayingbasketballandbadmintonarepopularamongstudents.A.Bicycles B.Mountains C.Activities D.Buildings10.Howwasyourvacation?___________.Ijuststayedathome.A.Thanksalot B.Goodluck C.Nothingspecial D.Isee一、1.“umbrella”：“雨伞”，an修饰元音音素开头的单词，umbrella以元音音素开头。2.“differences”：“difference”是名词“不同，差异”，前面有“some”，要用复数形式。3.“hungry”：形容词“饥饿的”。4.“waiting”：“wait”是动词“等待”，这里是现在进行时，用“be+动词ing”形式。5.“buildings”：“building”是名词“建筑物”，“some”修饰可数名词复数。6.“wonderful”：形容词“精彩的，极好的”。7.“few”：“quiteafew”是固定短语，“不少，相当多”，修饰可数名词复数。8.“something”：不定代词“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句。9.“seems”：“seem”是动词“好像，似乎”，主语是第三人称单数，所以用“seems”。10.“bored”：形容词“感到无聊的”，常用来形容人的感受。11.“dreamed/dreamt”：“dream”作动词有“梦想，做梦”的意思，这里用过去式。12.“tried”：“try”的过去式，“尝试，努力”。二、1.“buildings”：“many”后接可数名词复数，“building”是可数名词，所以用复数形式。2.“waiting”：“keepsb.doingsth.”是固定用法，表示“让某人一直做某事”。3.“activities”：“alotof”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“activity”是可数名词，所以用复数形式。4.“traders”：“trader”是名词“商人”，根据“efrom”可知主语是复数，所以用复数形式。5.“dislikes”：根据“Livinginthevillageisboring”可知是不喜欢，主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用“dislikes”。6.“togo”：“wanttodosth.”是固定短语，表示“想要做某事”。7.“did;see”：“whenyouwereinChicago”表明是过去时，疑问句要用助动词“did”，后面的动词用原形“see”。8.“studies”：“everyday”是一般现在时的标志，主语是第三人称单数，所以动词用“studies”。9.“didn'twatch”：“lastnight”是过去时的标志，否定句要用“didn't+动词原形”。10.“were;was”：“yesterday”是过去时的标志，“you”用“were”，“I”用“was”。11.“came”：“lastweek”是过去时的标志，“e”的过去式是“came”。12.“togo”：“decidetodosth.”是固定短语，表示“决定做某事”。13.“toeat”：“trytodosth.”表示“努力做某事”。三、1.“boring”：形容词，“无聊的”，“sound+形容词”表示“听起来......”。2.“anythingelse”：“anything”用于否定句和疑问句，“else”表示“其他的”。3.“takingphotos”：“likedoingsth.”表示“喜欢做某事”，“takephotos”是“拍照”。4.“show”：“showsb.sth.”表示“给某人看某物”。5.“interesting”：形容词，“有趣的”，修饰物。6.“becauseof”：“because”后接句子，“becauseof”后接名词或名词短语，“therain”是名词短语。7.“tobuy;for”：“wanttodosth.”表示“想要做某事”，“buysth.forsb.”表示“给某人买某物”。8.“muchtoo”：“muchtoo+形容词”表示“太......”，“toomuch+不可数名词”表示“太多......”。四、1.“had”：“haveagreattime”是固定短语，表示“玩得开心”，这里是过去时。2.“First”：“first”表示“首先”，句首大写。3.“movie”：“amovieaboutpandas”表示“一部关于熊猫的电影”。4.“visited”：“visit”是动词“参观，拜访”，这里是过去时。5.“photos”：“takephotos”是“拍照”，“alotof”后接可数名词复数。6.“and”：“shy”和“lovely”是并列关系，用“and”连接。7.“bought”：“buy”的过去式是“bought”。8.“took”：“takethebus”表示“乘公交车”，这里是过去时。9.“end”：“attheendof”表示“在......的末尾”。10.“cleaned”：根据语境可知是打扫了公交车，用过去式。【语法讲解】1.对“mydadwasfine”划线部分提问，“wasfine”是描述状态，用“Howwas”提问，所以是“Howwasyourdad?”【巩固练习】1.B：“becauseof”后面接名词短语，“because”后面接句子。“thesnow”是名词短语，所以用“becauseof”。