2024-2025学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题07阅读理解之精读含解析

PAGEPAGE16专题07阅读理解之精读中考阅读理解分值占总分的40%左右，因此驾驭相应的阅读技巧显得尤为重要。英语阅读主要有四种阅读技巧：略读——用于了解文章大意；寻读——用于查找特定的信息；泛读——用于观赏和整体理解；精读——用于深化理解和获得细微环节。精读是在较短文本中用于获得详细信息的一种阅读技巧，精读在于“短小精悍”从而获得更多的信息。精读能够帮助你驾驭特定情境的细微环节，对于细微环节题、猜词题、推理题等往往须要我们运用精读技巧去获得精准信息帮助提高精确率。在这种状况下，须要理解句子中每个单词，数据和事实了，及其句子大意。如：abookkeepingreport账务报告；aninsuranceclaim保险索赔。阅读理解始终是历年中考英语卷中的重头戏，可以说，阅读理解水平凹凸是在英语考试中制胜的关键。在阅读中，真正读懂一篇文章势必要抓住其中心主旨，也就是要找到主旨句。从重要性上来说，主旨句的的重要性远远大于其他说明内容或例证内容。所以对于我们读文章来说，明显主旨句是最重要的，是须要重点精读的。那怎样去推断哪些主旨句呢?首先，从位置上来说，主题句经常在文章开头的第一段或其次段提出，且常是段首句或转折句。其次，从句子长度来说通常主题句比较简短。所以说，文章中须要重点精读的内容为：段首句，转折句，以及定位句。相对而言，文章中举例或引用的东西就可以略读，这些内容中往往包含一些时间、数据、人名、地名、机构名称之类的信息。驾驭了精读方法，就可以大大削减阅读量，从而把更多的时间放在解读关键内容上。中考英语阅读文章在出题时也往往和这些须要精读的内容有关，所以精读假如做到位，许多答案都可以毫不费劲的做出来了，同学们不妨一试。Part1精读法概说精读法(scouring)，即阅读时，首先阅读全文，然后才依据短文后的提问，在特定区域细致推敲，进行适当的推理和推断，从而选择出正确答案的方法。这种方法主要用于“考查理解句意及上下文关系”的试题、“考查依据材料推断推理及引申”的试题、“考查有关作者的观点和看法”的试题。精读就是细致阅读文章，透彻理解文章内容，然后依据问题，运用自己所驾驭的各方面相关信息进行推断。要驾驭这种方法，在平常阅读中应留意相关文化背景的积累，尽量多了解一些政治、经济、历史、地理和名人名著等诸方面常识。缺乏必要的背景学问，无疑会降低理解的精确度，有时还会犯下贻笑大方的错误。假如对文章所涉及的历史、文化、政治、经济、宗教、风土人情等学问缺乏了解，就不能真正读懂文章的内涵，从而导致理解困难。在驾驭了相关背景学问后，有时文章没有完全读懂，但凭借相关学问，运用推理推断等逻辑思维实力，也能正确地找出问题的答案。同时，阅读时要留意培育语感。所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的娴熟程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔画一画或登记来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下积累了多少单词、惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。在阅读时，必需正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理，得出结论。如：WhatKelly’smomoftentoldhimduringhischildhoodwas______.A.caringB.movingC.encouragingD.interesting文中有这么一句话：“Kelly,youarecertaintobeagreatmanandyoucandoanythinginlifeifyouworkhardenoughtogetit.”这就是一道细微环节题，依据文中作者的妈妈说的话（如上）可推断出当作者年幼时妈妈给他最多的是激励（答案：C）。先看问题，后阅读，这是解决阅读理解这一题型中的细微环节问题的一个行之有效的方法。要明确找寻的特定信息，即心中有数，这个信息点可能是一个词或几个词，也可能是个句子。假如感到下文有所要查找的信息，应适当停留，辨别是否找准了特定信息；若非如此，应马上接着寻读。有时文中对某一信息点的描述分布在几个地方，要留意鉴别、分析。总之，英语阅读实力的提高是一个长期的、按部就班的过程，驾驭了阅读技巧后，在平常阅读时，要养成良好的阅读习惯，积累拓展各种文化学问，培育逻辑推断实力，就肯定会提高阅读理解的实力。精讲精练【例题1】DearDisney,Lastweekend,thefourmembersofmyfamilyspentanenjoyableholidayattheMagicKingdom-Disneyland.Andoneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical.WegottothefrontofthelineatSpaceMountain,onlytofindoutthatourlittledaughterGloriacouldn'ttakeherice-creamontheride.Weweresoexcitedthatweallforgotice-creamwasnotallowedontheride.Gloriabrokeintotearsandweallhadnoideawhattodo.ThenMurphy,oneofthestaffmembers,cameover.ShebentdownandtoldGloriathatshewouldholdtheice-creamforherandgiveittoherwhenshefinishedtheride.Gloriasaid,"Promise?"ThenshegaveMurphyherice-cream,andshecompletelyenjoyedtheride.Sureenough,aswewalkedouttheexit,therewasGloria'snewfriendwith"her"ice-cream.NowyouandIbothknowwhathappened,becauseweknowthatanice-creamwon'tlasttwentyminutesonasummerafternooninFlorida.Murphyknewwhattimewewouldgetofftheride;shewenttothenearestshopandboughtabrand-newice-creamthirtysecondsbeforewewalkedouttheexit.Gloriasaid,"Thankyou,"butI'msureshethoughtitwasthesameice-cream.Weknowthatsomeonetriedhardtomakeourvisitspecial.Thankssomuchforgoingaboveandbeyond!YourfanCarmenRivera1.Thefamily'svisittotheMagicKingdomwas________.A)helpfulB)awfulC)frighteningD)amazing2.Beforetheride,Gloriacriedbecause_________.A)shecouldn'tfindherparentsinthelineB)shewastoolittletotaketherideC)shecouldn'ttakeherice-creamontherideD)shehadtowaitfortwentyminutes3.MurphywaswaitingforGloria_________aftertheride.A)intheice-creamshopB)attheexitC)inthefrontofthelineD)attheentrance4.Inordertokeepthepromise,Murphy__________.A)tookGloriatothenearestshopB)askedhernewfriendtohelpGloriaC)helpedGloriagetofftherideD)boughtanewice-creamforGloria5.Inordertokeepthepromise,Murphy__________.A)tookGloriatothenearestshopB)askedhernewfriendtohelpGloriaC)helpedGloriagetofftherideD)boughtanewice-creamforGloria【答案】DCBDC【解析】1细微环节题，从文章第一段“oneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical”，从magical的意思可以选出D选项。2细微环节题，从文章的其次段，“Gloriacouldn'ttakeherice-creamontheride”可以选出C选项。3细微环节题，从文章的第四段“aswewalkedouttheexit”可以选出B的选项。4细微环节题，从文章的第四段“boughtabrand-newice-cream”可以选出D选项。5细微环节题，从文章的最终一段，可以选出C的选项。留意express是表达的意思。【常考词组补充】gothrough(1)经验；(2)细致检查，审查;(3)（物，钱等）用完;(4)顺当完成;(5)受苦;(6)穿过;(7)通过（法律，提案）；(8)成交（生意）；(9)被批准。例:We’llhavetogothroughaseveretest.我们得经过一次严峻的考验。Thesaleofthestorewentthroughquickly.这家店铺的转卖快速成交。Ididn’tgothroughcollege.我没念完高校。Theirbusinessarrangementswentthrough.他们的营业安排被批准了。Thisroadgoesthroughtheforest.这条路穿过森林。Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.这个国家经验了太多的斗争。ThenewlawhasgonethroughCongress.这项新法律国会已经通过了。Iwentthroughthepapers.我细致地批阅了这些论文。Hewentthroughallthemoneyhisfathergaveme.他把父亲给的钱全都花光了。【例题2】Youprobablyknowyoushouldsay"please"and"thankyou"atrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbenicetoyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan'thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh.TakeThemOff!YouneedtoknowwhentoturnyourMP3playeroffandputitaway.Librariesandschoolsdon'tallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdon'thaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesn'tmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportingevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileit'sokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneandit'snotforyou.It'sYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadingbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneedtodowhatseemsrightforyou.1.Noonewantstolistento_______fromothers’MP3players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong2.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic__.A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustiredC)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears3.Wecantakeoneearphoneoutwhenwe_____A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents【答案】ADA【解析】1依据其次段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择A2依据其次段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D3依据第四段的介绍我们可以解除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与挚友在“telephone”中闲聊，是个持续性的动作，故选择A【常考词组补充】comeup(1)（人）走近;(2)（太阳，月亮）升起;(3)被提及;(4)（意想不到地）发生(5)发芽;(6)上楼;(7)到场;(8)（植物）长出地面。(9)出现，发生。(10)（彩票）中奖；例:Theflowersarejustbeginningtocomeup.花刚起先长出地面。I'llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.一有事发生我就通知你。TheseedsIsowedlastweekhaven'tcomeupyet.我上星期种的种子至今还未发芽。Iliketogetupearlyandwatchthesuncomeup.我喜爱早起看日出。Hecameuptothepolicemanandaskedtheway.他走上前去向警察问路。Icouldhearfootstepscomingupbehindme.我听见身后有脚步声过来。I'mafraidsomethingurgenthascomeup;Iwon'tbeabletoseeyoutonight.很愧疚，有点儿急事，今晚不能见你了。Thesubjectcameupinconversation.这个话题在谈话中提到了。MynumbercameupandIwon￡100.我中奖了，赢了100英镑。Thequestionnevercameupindiscussion.探讨中始终未提及这个问题。【例题3】Thewatertapwasleaking(漏水)again,andthenoisewasdrivingCassiecrazy.Cassielookedatherwatch.Itwasnearlynineo'clock.Sheclimbedoutofbedandstoodonachairbytheshelf.Hermother'sMr.Fix-ItBookwasonthetopshelf.Cassiesteppeddownquietly.Shereadthebookquicklyuntilshefoundthepageshewaslookingfor,andthenbegantoreadcarefully.Next,Cassieopenedaboxinthekitchenandpickedoutthetoolssheneeded—ahammer,awrench,andseveralsmallthings,itwasnoeasyjobforhertodotherepair,andshetriedseveraltimes.Finally,thewatertapwasinpieces.Onebyone.shecarefullylaidthemoutonthetable.Thatwayshewouldknowhowtheywentback.Whilethiswasgoingon,hercatwalkedovertowatchwhatshewasdoing.Cassieworkedlateintothenight.Atonepoint,shethoughtshewasdone.Oops!Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapartonemoretime.Thistimeshemadesureeverythingwasinplace.Sheturnedthewatertaponandthenoff.One...two...three...Shewaitedafullminute.Therewasnoleak!Cassiesmiledandputthetoolsbackintothebox.Thenshewentbackintobed.Thenextmorning.DadwasinthekitchenwhenCassiegotup."Noticeanything.Dad?"sheasked.Helookedaroundandlistened."Hmm.something'smissing...Ican'tfindoutwhatitis...Wait,it'stooquietinhere!""That'sright,"Cassiesaid."Somethingismissing.Ifixedthewatertap.Itdoesn'tleakanymore”"That'smygirl,"Dadsaid."It’sagoodthingyouarereallylikeyourmother."Whatdoestheunderlinedword"expression"inthepassagemean？____A．表情B．建议C．仿照D．服饰．【答案】A【解析】由Iputalotofexpressionintomyacting．IthoughtIactedreallywell．我表现得绘声绘色．我满以为我是表现得很到位的．可知作者在表演中加入了过多的表情．答案是A，其它不正确。【常考词组补充】makeup(1)编造（故事,谎言）；(2)形成，构成；(3)化妆；(4)作出补偿；（5）和好Byhardworktheymadeupthelosttime.他们以勤劳地工作弥补了失去的时间。That’snottrue,youjustmadethatup.那不是真的，是你编造出来的。Shehasmadeupherquarrelwithme.她同我的争吵已经和解。Whydon’tyoumakeupwithher？你为什么不同她和解呢？Elevenplayersmakeupafootballteam.足球队由十一名队员组成。Allanimalbodiesaremadeupofcells.全部动物的躯体都是由细胞组成的。Theactormadehimselfupforthepartofanoldman.这个演员把自己化妆成老人。【练习1】Wikipediaisanonlinefreeencyclopedia.Therearemorethan38millionarticlesaboutsociety,history,culture,music,science,technology,geographyandsoon.Onthiswebsite,peoplecanfindarticlesaboutalmosteverythingintheworld.Wikipediahasalsodeveloped292languageversionsforpeopletoreadintheirownlanguages.JimmyWalesandLarrySangerstartedthisencyclopediaprojecton9thMarch,2000.ItwascalledNupediaatfirst,andallthearticleswerewrittenandcheckedbyexperts.Walesthoughtthatthewebsiteshouldbeaplacewhereitsuserscouldnotonlyfindinformationbutalsosharewhattheyknew.Sotheytriedtouseawikisystem（wikiisaHawaiianword"weekeeweekee"whichfirstlymeant"quick"）.On10thJanuary,2001,theybegananewprojecttoimproveNupedia.On15thJanuary.2001,thenewonlineencyclopedianamedWikipediawassetup.Wikipediaachievedagreatsuccess.AccordingtotheAlexaTrafficRankreporton22ndMay,2024,Wikipediaistheseventhmostpopularwebsiteintheworld.Everysingleuserhelpstomakethispopularfreeencyclopedia.1.Wikipediais.A.abookB.alibraryC.areportD.awebsite2.Wikipediawassetupon.A.9thMarch,2000B.10thJanuary,2001C.15thJanuary,2001D.22ndMay,20243.WhatcanpeopleuseWikipediatodo？A.Toreadnovels.B.TosearchforinformationC.Tolistentomusic.C.ToreadAlexaTrafficRank.【答案】DCB【解析】维基百科是在线的免费百科全书。有关于社会、历史、文化、音乐、科学、科技、地理等3800多万篇文章.在这个网站上人们几乎可以找到关于世界的一切文章.维基百科也已经形成292种语言版本供人们用他们自己的语言来阅读。JimmyWales和LarrySanger于2000年3月9日起先这个百科全书安排.它最初被叫做Nupedia，全部的文章都是专家撰写检查确定后才发布的.Wales认为这个网站应当是一个用户不仅能找到信息而且共享他们知道的信息的地方.所以他们试图运用wiki系统（wiki是一个夏威夷语言"weekeeweekee"最初意思为"快"）在2001年1月10日他们起先一种新的安排改善Nupedia.在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了。维基百科取得了巨大胜利。依据2024年5月22日的Alexa网站流量排名报告显示维基百科是世界上第七家最受欢迎的网站。每个个体用户帮助制作这个受欢迎的免费的百科全书。1、D细微环节理解题依据第一段Wikipediaisanonlinefreeencyclopedia.Therearemorethan38millionarticlesaboutsociety，history，culture，music，science，technology，geographyandsoon.Onthiswebsite，peoplecanfindarticlesaboutalmosteverythingintheworld."维基百科是在线的免费百科全书.有关于社会、历史、文化、音乐、科学、科技、地理等3800多万篇文章.在这个网站上人们几乎可以找到关于世界的一切文章."可知维基百科是一家网站.故选D2、C细微环节理解题依据其次段On15thJanuary.2001，thenewonlineencyclopedianamedWikipediawassetup.可知在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了，故选C3、B推理推断题依据其次段Walesthoughtthatthewebsiteshouldbeaplacewhereitsuserscouldnotonlyfindinformationbutalsosharewhattheyknew.Sotheytriedtouseawikisystem(wikiisaHawaiianword"weekeeweekee"whichfirstlymeant"quick").On10thJanuary，2001，theybegananewprojecttoimproveNupedia.On15thJanuary.2001，thenewonlineencyclopedianamedWikipediawassetup."Wales认为这个网站应当是一个用户不仅能找到信息而且共享他们知道的信息的地方.所以他们试图运用wiki系统（wiki是一个夏威夷语言"weekeeweekee"最初意思为"快"）在2001年1月10日他们起先一种新的安排改善Nupedia。在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了"可推知人们可用维基百科搜寻信息，故选B【练习2】Internetiseducational.ManypeoplethinkchildrenshouldbeallowedtosurftheInternetastheywish.Inthisway,theycanlookthroughdifferentsubjectsondifferentkindsofwebsitesaccordingtotheirowninterest.Butinmyopinion,childrenshouldalwaysbewatchedwhilesurfingtheInternet.Manywebsiteshaveinformationandpicturesthatchildrenshouldnotsee.Therearemanythingsthatchildrendon'tunderstand.Allofthesemayhavesomebadinfluenceonchildren'sdevelopment.Also,itismoredangeroustoletchildrenusechatroomsbythemselves.Manyparentstelltheirchildrennottotalktostrangersonthestreet,sotheyshouldbecarefulofwhomtheirchildrentalktoontheInternet,too.What'smore,sittinginfrontofacomputerforalongtimeisn'tgoodforchildren'seyes,soparentsshouldmonitor（监视）thetimethatchildrenspendontheInternet.Inaword,childrenshouldbekeptawayfromanythingthatcouldbebadforthem.IstronglybelievethatitisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage？【答案】Thewriterwantstotellus(that)itisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet.【解析】互联网是有教化意义的。许多人认为应当允许孩子上网。但在我看来，儿童应当在上网时有人监督，父母是监督孩子上网的最佳人选。父母应当告知孩子在互联网上不能随意和生疏人闲聊，在电脑前坐的时间太长会有害于眼睛。答案：Thewriterwantstotellus(that)itisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet.主旨大意题。依据Inaword,childrenshouldbekeptawayfromanythingthatcouldbebadforthem.IstronglybelievethatitisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet及上文。可知本篇文章介绍的是网络对于孩子们的影响及其家长应当怎么做.网络有些方面是有教化意义的，并不总是有教化意义的。因此当孩子们上网阅读时，家长应当监管，不受网络的不良影响。故答案为Thewriterwantstotellus(that)itisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet.【练习3】Internetiseducational.ManypeoplethinkchildrenshouldbeallowedtosurftheInternetastheywish.Inthisway,theycanlookthroughdifferentsubjectsondifferentkindsofwebsitesaccordingtotheirowninterest.Butinmyopinion,childrenshouldalwaysbewatchedwhilesurfingtheInternet.Manywebsiteshaveinformationandpicturesthatchildrenshouldnotsee.Therearemanythingsthatchildrendon'tunderstand.Allofthesemayhavesomebadinfluenceonchildren'sdevelopment.Also,itismoredangeroustoletchildrenusechatroomsbythemselves.Manyparentstelltheirchildrennottotalktostrangersonthestreet,sotheyshouldbecarefulofwhomtheirchildrentalktoontheInternet,too.What'smore,sittinginfrontofacomputerforalongtimeisn'tgoodforchildren'seyes,soparentsshouldmonitor（监视）thetimethatchildrenspendontheInternet.Inaword,childrenshouldbekeptawayfromanythingthatcouldbebadforthem.IstronglybelievethatitisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyusetheInternet.WhocanhelpchildrenstayawayfromthebadinfluenceontheInternet？【答案】TheirparentscanhelpchildrenstayawayfromthebadinfluenceontheInternet.【解析】互联网是有教化意义的。许多人认为应当允许孩子上网．但在我看来，儿童应当在上网时有人监督，父母是监督孩子上网的最佳人选。父母应当告知孩子在互联网上不能随意和生疏人闲聊，在电脑前坐的时间太长会有害于眼睛。答案：TheirparentscanhelpchildrenstayawayfromthebadinfluenceontheInternet．细微环节理解题。依据Inaword，childrenshouldbekeptawayanythingthatcouldbebadforthem．Istronglybelievethatitisnecessaryforparentstowatchtheirchildrenwhentheyuseinternet．可知父母可以叫孩子们远离网络坏的影响。故回答为TheirparentscanhelpchildrenstayawayfromthebadinfluenceontheInternet．课后作业Asamotherofthreeyounggirls，AlisonCowanworriedaboutherdaughtersgrowinguptoofast．Fromaskingforthelatesttoytowantingtowearmake-up，itseemedtoAlisonandherhusband，Alan，thattheirchildrenwereneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhad．Thegirlswouldaskforatoy，butwouldloseinterestinitassoonastheirfriendshadsomethingnew．Birthdaypartieswerenolongerjustafewpartygamesandblowingupballoons．Alltheparentsseemedtoinviteprofessionalperformersandcompeteoverwhocouldgivethemostexpensivepartybag．Atjustsevenyearsold，Amyandherfriendswerepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotheirappearance．Itwasafeelingthatmanyparentswouldhave．However,fewwoulddreamofleavingacomfortablefamilylifeandacomfortablehousetomovetheirfamily3，000milesawaytoAfricainsearchofasimplerlife.But,lastJune,Alisonandherhusband,Alan,movedwiththeirdaughterstoKampalainUganda,toshowthemadifferentlifestyle．Foralmostayear,thegirlspalyinthered,dustystreetswithlocalchildrenandvisitmarketstobuyfreshfishandvegetablesfordinner．Theyhavebeenabletoplayandusetheirimaginationawayfromthedistractions（分心）oftheconsumer-drivensociety.Now,insteadofcompetingoverwhohaswonacom