2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)第03讲 选择必修第三册 Unit 3 Back to the past(知识讲解+高考必考题型练)(学生版)

第03讲选择必修第三册Unit3Backtothepast目录新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用核心单词讲解1.convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth. 说服某人做某事(2)convinced adj.确信的；深信的beconvincedof/that... 相信……(3)convincing adj.令人信服的2.onbehalfof代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了(1)onbehalfofsb.(=onone’sbehalf)为了某人；代表某人；为……的利益(2)represent vt.代表(3)representative n.代表；代理人adj.典型的；有代表性的(4)standfor 代表；象征3.loadvt.&vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量(1)loadsof=aloadof 大量，许多takealoadoffone’smind 打消某人的顾虑(2)load...with... 用……装载……load...onto/into... 把……装到……上去(3)workload n.工作量download vt.下载upload vt.上传overload v.超载4.strengthenvt.&vi.加强，增强(1)strength n.[U]力量，力气[C]优势，长处(2)havethestrengthtodosth. 有力量做某事buildupone’sstrength 强身健体strengthsandweaknesses 优势和劣势，长处和短处5.dismissvt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散dismisssb.(from) 解雇某人dismisssth.as... 对……不屑一提；不予考虑dismisssb./sth.fromsth. 消除，摒除(思想、感情等)6.acknowledgevt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(1)acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as... 认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth. 承认做了某事Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat... ……是大家公认的(2)acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；收件复函inacknowledgementof (公开)感谢……7.influentialadj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的(1)beinfluentialin 对……有影响(2)influence n.影响haveaninfluence/influenceson/upon 对……有影响haveaninfluenceover 对……有支配力(3)influence v.影响；对……起作用8.insistvi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(1)insiston/upon(sb./sb.’s)(doing)sth. 坚持要求(某人)(做)某事Insistthat…坚持认为，从句用陈述语气Insistthat…坚决要求，从句用虚拟语气(..(should)do…)(2)insistence n.坚持(3)insistent adj.坚持的；坚决要求的beinsistenton/that... 坚持……9.panicn.惊恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措(1)inpanic 惊慌失措地getintoapanic 陷入恐慌(2)panicodoingsth. 使某人惊慌地做某事10.regardlessadv.不顾，不加理会(1)regardlessof不顾；不管(2)despite=inspiteof 尽管；不管；虽然(后常接名词，不接从句)(3)in/withregardto 关于；至于withoutregardto 不考虑；不顾及11.allowfor使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内表示“考虑到；鉴于”的单词和短语inviewof 鉴于；考虑到inconsiderationof 考虑到，鉴于oconsideration 顾及；考虑到……takeaccountof 考虑到……，把……考虑进去given prep.鉴于，考虑到considering prep.&conj.鉴于，考虑到12.astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(1)Itastonishessb.that... 令某人惊讶的是……(2)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的；难以置信的(3)astonished adj.感到惊讶的beastonishedtodosth. 做某事感到很惊讶beastonishedat/by 对……感到惊讶(4)astonishment n.惊讶toone’sastonishment 令某人惊讶的是13.facilitatevt.使便利，促进(1)facilitatesth./doingsth.促进……facilitatecommunication 方便联系；促进沟通(2)facility n.设施，设备sports/leisurefacilities 体育/休闲设施facilityfor... 用于……的设备(3)facilitation n.简易化；助长14.sortout理顺，整理；把……安排好(1)sortsth.into把……分成sortthrough 分类，整理sortoneselfout 处理自己的事(2)sortof=kindof 有几分，有点儿asortof 一种；有点allsortsof 各种各样的15.availableadj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的(1)availableresources可利用的资源beavailableforsth./tosb. 对……有用(2)availability n.可用性；有效性；实用性theavailabilityof ……的可用性16.adoptvt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养(1)adoptsb./sth.as...收养/挑选某人/某物为……(2)adoption n.收养；采用(3)adoptedson/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义女17.comparisonn.对比；比较(1)bycomparison通过对比，相比之下makeacomparison 进行比较incomparison(with) 相比之下；与……比较beyondcomparison 无与伦比(2)compare v.比较，对比compareAand/withB 比较A和BcompareAtoB 把A比作Bcomparedto/with 和……比起来；相比之下18.packvt.&vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾，打包；包装n.包，包裹；小盒，小包(1)packup整理；把……打包o... 挤进……里；塞进(2)apackof 一包(盒，捆，群)……(3)packedwithsth. 有大量……的；……极多的19.contraryadj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的contraryto与……相反，违反contraryadvice/opinions/arguments相反的建议/观点/论点thecontrary 相反的事实(或事情、情况)onthecontrary 恰恰相反quitethecontrary 恰恰相反，正相反tothecontrary 相反的(地)20.divevi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n.冲；扑；俯冲；潜水；跳水(1)diveinto...投入，潜入；把手伸入；钻研divefor... 扑向；潜水寻找……diveoff 从……跳水godiving 去潜水(2)diver n.潜水者；跳水选手21.freeze(froze，frozen)vi.&vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵(1)freeze(sth.)up冻结；怯场freezetodeath 冻死freezeone’sblood 使某人处于惊恐状态(2)freezing adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的(3)frozen adj.冻结的，冻僵的22.dragvt.拖；拉；缓慢而费力地移动dragby缓慢度过dragon 拖延dragone’sfeet/heels 行动缓慢o... 将……硬拉入23.bleedvi.(bled，bled)失血；流血(1)bleedfor为……感到悲伤；为……流血bleedtodeath 因流血过多致死(2)bleeding adj.流血的n.出血(3)blood n.血液24.sinkvi.&vt.(sank；sunk)下沉；沉没；坐下；降低sinkin渗入；完全被理解sinkinto 陷入；沉沦sinkdown 沉落sinkorswim 成败全靠自己sinkdifferences 摒弃分歧asinkingfeeling 一种不祥的预感25.shiftn.改变；转移；轮班vi.&vt.(使)移动；(使)转移；改变(1)shiftfrom...to...从……转向……shiftresponsibility/blameforsth.ontosb. 把某事的责任推给某人shiftone’sground 转变立场(2)workshift 轮岗，轮班day/nightshift 白/夜班shiftintemperature 温度变化二、重点词块速记1.onbehalfof 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了

2.inpanic 恐慌地，惊慌地

3.regardlessof 不管，不顾

4.allowfor 使成为可能；考虑到，

把……计算在内5.setfoot 到访；踏入；进入6.keepsb.outofdanger 使某人平安7.setsail 启航；开航

8.onboard 在船上9.inlength 长度上10.passon 传递；传给11.sortout理顺，整理；把……安排好12.contraryto与……相反，违反13.dresssb.insth. 给(某人)穿衣服

14.hangover 笼罩

15.cometooneself 苏醒；恢复知觉

16.declarewaron/against 对……宣战

17.inhorror 惊恐地

18.getintouchwithsb. 与某人取得联系19.openup 畅所欲言20.inresponseto 对……作出反应21.besuitablefor 适合22.bringabout 导致，引起三、重点句型剖析1.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.(with复合结构)由200多艘船组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行,船上有近28000人,场面极其壮观。

2.Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)据史料记载,郑和船队最大的船超过140米长,显示了用于建造船舶的先进的技术和独特工艺。3.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)不顾所有挑战,哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。4.Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.(as引导非限制性定语从句)凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。5.Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)接到弃船的命令后,路易斯又从水中救出了更多的人,把他们拖进了救生艇。6.Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.(theonly...todo)在(船上的)37对兄弟中,拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一在那次袭击中幸存下来的一对。7.Theshiftfromthecottageindustrytothefactorysystem,combinedwiththeintroductionofnewmachines,newenergysourcesandnewformsoftransport,promotedeconomicgrowthandexpandedworldtrade.(过去分词短语作状语)从家庭手工业向工厂体制的转变,加上新机器、新能源和新交通方式的引进,促进了经济增长,扩大了世界贸易。、重点句型asisthecasewith...(教材原句)Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。

(1)asisthecasewith...是固定表达方式,意为“和……情况一样”,“……也是如此”,其中的as引导非限制性定语从句。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时是关系代词,用来指代整个句子的内容,有“正如”之意,常放于主句之前,有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。2.现在分词(短语)作伴随状语(教材原句)Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.接到弃船的命令后,路易斯从水中救出了更多的人,把他们拖进了救生艇。(1)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语,表示伴随情况,所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主动关系。翻译时一般译成并列句。(2)现在分词(短语)作状语,含有一般式(doing),完成式(havingdone)以及完成被动式(havingbeendone)。延伸：一般情况下,现在或过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果作状语的分词(短语)的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致,分词(短语)就要带上自己的逻辑主语,构成分词(短语)独立主格结构。3.过去分词短语作状语(教材原句)Theshiftfromthecottageindustrytothefactorysystem,combinedwiththeintroductionofnewmachines,newenergysourcesandnewformsoftransport,promotedeconomicgrowthandexpandedworldtrade.从家庭手工业向工厂体制的转变,加上新机器、新能源和新交通方式的引进,促进了经济增长,扩大了世界贸易。

过去分词短语作状语。(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等,表示被动或完成;(2)过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致;(3)过去分词(短语)表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。重点语法(表语从句)一.概念表语从句即在主从复合句中用作表语的从句。二、表语从句的引导词从属连词that,whether,asif/though连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever连接副词when,where,why,how1.从属连词(1)that引导表语从句时,只起引导作用,不充当任何成分,也无任何意义,但通常不省略。(2023·浙江1月高考)Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.结果是,许多社区,特别是在农业地区,将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。(2)whether意为“是否”,引导表语从句时,不能用if替换;asif/though意为“好像,似乎”。Theproblemnowiswhetherhumanshaverealizedtheseriousnessofdestroyingtheenvironment.现在的问题是,人类是否已经意识到了破坏环境的严重性。2.连接代词连接代词在表语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。ThequestioniswhatIshoulddotoimprovemystudyefficiency.问题是我应该做什么来提高我的学习效率。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。3.连接副词连接副词在表语从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。ThisiswhereIgrewup.Iknowthisarealikethebackofmyhand.我在这儿长大的,我对这地方再熟悉不过了。Thisishowhesolvedthedifficultproblem.这就是他解决那个难题的方法。延伸：(1)reason作主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导,不宜用because。句型为：Thereasonwhy…isthat…Thereasonwhyshegotsoexcitedwasthathersonhadbeenadmittedintoakeyuniversity.她如此兴奋的原因是她的儿子被一所重点大学录取了。(2)because和why引导表语从句时,that’sbecause...强调原因;that’swhy...强调结果。I’mwritingtoexpressmythankstoyou.That’sbecausewithyourhelp,IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.我写信是为了表达我对你的感谢。那是因为在你的帮助下,我的英语取得了很大的进步。Hestayeduptoolatelastnight.That’swhyhewaslateforworkthismorning.他昨晚熬夜太晚了。那就是他今天早上上班迟到的原因。4.用于虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可省略。常见的名词有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,request等。Myadviceisthatyou(should)getridofyourbadlifestyleandhaveabalanceddiet.我的建议是你应该改掉坏的生活方式,均衡饮食。考点一、核心单词语法填空Ⅰ单词拼写1.Theytryto________(说服)metobuyacheaperelectriccar.2.Ididnot________(承认)thatshehaddoneanythingwrong.3.Whenthefirebrokeout,people________(恐慌)andraninalldirections.4.Many________(文学的)worksbecomewellreceivedaftertheyareadaptedintofilms.5.Asyouknow,CarolineHugoisafamouswriterand________(有很大影响力的)moviecritic.6.Whentheaccidenthappened,allpassengers________(在船上)fellintotheriver.7.Iamatalossbecausewhathehastoldmeisthe________(相反)ofwhatyouhavetoldme.8.Theschool________(制服)arefine,butnotspecialenoughtogiveauniqueChineseflavor.9.Itisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadily________(可获得的).10.Thedevelopingcountriesbeartheburdenofanenormousexternaldebt,sotheyneedurgent________(金融的)help.Ⅱ单句语法填空1.Joelistened,________(shift)uncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.2.ThePresidentiscommittedto________(reform)healthcare.3.(2023上·广东广州·高二执信中学校考期中)(convince)thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialdilemma,peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.4.(2023上·江苏无锡·高二江阴市华士高级中学校考阶段练习)Seeingpeopleofdifferentnationalitieslivetogether________(harmony)isagreatpleasure.5.(2023上·黑龙江双鸭山·高二双鸭山一中校考开学考试)Anumberoflocalpeoplehavebeenarrestedfortryingtostoptrucks(load)withlogs.6.Anumberoflocalpeoplehavebeenarrestedfortryingtostoptrucksloaded________logs.7.Doesthisfriendship(strength)meorweakenme?8.Hewasingreatdepressionafter(dismiss)bythecompany.9.Unfortunately,hewas________(dismiss)fromthejobandledamiserablelife.10.Hewasthreateneddismissalifhecontinuedtoturnuplateforwork.11.(2023上·四川成都·高二校考期中)StephenCurryislivingproof________whatothersthinkofyoudoesn’thavetoinfluencewhatyoubecome.12.(2023上·河南南阳·高二校考阶段练习)Itis________(acknowledge)thatthesummitwasagreatsuccess.13.(2023上·河南南阳·高二校考阶段练习)Sheisgenerallyacknowledged________oneofthefinestpoetsintheworld.14.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习)The________(influence)writerhasagoodreputationathomeandabroad.15.(2023上·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考阶段练习)Thespreadofworseninginternational________(finance)crisishasseriouslyaffectedworldeconomicgrowthandstability.16.(2023上·福建莆田·高二校联考期中)Iinsiston(speak)tothemanager,sinceyouareclearlyunabletohelpme.17.HisEnglishteacherinsistedthathe________(hand)inhishomeworktomorrowmorning.18.Weshouldmakeanapologytoallofyouforthelate________(depart)ofthisflight.19.(2023上·福建漳州·高二福建省华安县第一中学校考阶段练习)Theyfaceadesperate________(short)ofcleanwater.20.Theywere(astonish)toseeapolicecarwithflashinglightspullupoutsidetheirhome.21.Contrary________hisidea,Ithinkthehighlightofthemusicfestivalisthelastsong.22.Heseemedtodisliketheantiquesandcrafts.________thecontrary,hewasfondofthemverymuch.考点二、重点词块选词填空选词填空(可适当改变形式)sortout,allowfor,regardlessof,onbehalfof,contraryto1.Couldyou________thetoysthatcanbethrownaway?2.Howmuchdoalltheitemscost,________round­triptickets?3.________mostmanagers’opinion,theyoungmanagervoicedhisuniqueview.4.We’vefixedthedatefortheoutingandwe’llgo________windorrain.5.I’llgototheairporttomeetthisyear’sexchangestudents________ourschool.考点三、重点句型完成句子1.Thechildslippedandfell,________________.

(现在分词短语作状语)那孩子滑了一跤,头撞在了门上。2.Heforgottobringhispenwithhim,________________.(asisthecase)他忘了带钢笔,这是常事。3.MrWilliamwastheonlyforeignfriend________________.

(theonlytodo…)威廉先生是出席会议的唯一外国朋友。4.________________,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.

(动词过去分词作状语)从山顶往下看,这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。5.________________isthekeysteptomakelifehealthy.(Keep的宾语补足语)保持环境清洁、无污染是实现健康生活的关键一步。考点四、重点语法单词语法填空1.(2023上·河北石家庄·高二校考阶段练习)I’mgoingtochooseEnglishasmymajorbecauseEnglishismyinterestlies.2.Thebestpartoftheartworkispeoplecanthinkofsomethingoftheirown.3.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习)Whatsurpriseduswasheworkedouttheprobleminsuchashorttime.4.ThetubeispeoplecalltheundergroundinLondon.5.Thisis________Iwenttherebytrain.6.(2023上·山西大同·高二大同一中校考阶段练习)Thesystemworkswellinthelab,butthequestionisitwillworkinreality.7.Whatworriesmemostiswemakehimfeelathome.8.Thefactishedoesn’treallytry.9.Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadisisgenerallycalledagapyear.10.Thequestionremains________theywillbeabletohelpus.11.Themostimportantis________IamindependentandhaveagoodcommandofEnglish.12.Thereasonwas________Ihadeatentoomuchfattyfood.能力提升阅读理解(2023上·云南·高二云南师大附中校考阶段练习)WhenancientEgyptiansputpentopaper—or,moreaccurately,inktopapyrus(纸莎草纸)--theytookstepstoensurethattheirwordswouldlastforever,anewstudysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenhavefoundthatancientscribes(抄写员)likelyaddedleadtotheirinkstohelptheirwritingdry.Morethan1,000yearslater,reportsCosmosMagazine,15th-centuryEuropeanartistsemployedleadaswell.AccordingtotheLondonNationalGallery,lead-basedpigmentsfoundinmanyOldMasterpaintingsare“knowntoaidthedryingofpaintfilms.”AccordingtoastatementfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen,thestudy’sauthorsanalyzed12papyruspiecesdatingbacktobetween100and200C.E.,whenEgyptwasunderRomancontrol.TheteamusedX-raymicroscopetodeterminetherawmaterialsusedindifferentinks,aswellasthechemicalstructureofthedriedinkattachedtotheancientpaper.AncientEgyptiansbeganwritingwithink—madebyburningwoodoroilandmixingtheresultingmaterialwithwater—around3200B.C.Typically,scribesusedblack,carbon-basedinkforthebodyoftextandreservedredinkforheadingsandotherkeywordsinthetext.Thoughblackandredinksweremostcommon,shadesofblue,green,whiteandyellowalsoappearedinancienttexts.TheresearcherswritethattheEgyptianscreatedredinkswithiron-basedcombinations—mostlikelynaturalearthpigments.Theteamalsoidentifiedthepresenceoflead.Theywerebowledoverthattherewasnoleadwhiteorothercombinationsthatwouldtypicallybepresentinalead-basedpigment.Instead,theancientink’sleadpigmentsappearedtowraparoundthepapyruscellwallsandironparticles(微粒).Theresultingeffectlooked“asiftheletterswereoutlined”inlead.ThisfindingindicatesthattheancientEgyptiansinventedasystemofaddingleadtoredandblackinksspecificallyforthepurposeofstickingthewordstopaper.The12analyzedpapyruspiecesarepartoftheUniversityofCopenhagen’sPapyrusCarlsbergCollection.ThedocumentsoriginatedinTebtunis,theonlylarge-scaleinstitutionallibraryknowntohavesurvivedfromancientEgyptiantimes.1.Whatisthemainfunctionofleadinthemasterpiecesoftheancients?A.Tomakethecolorsbrighter. B.Tosticktheinktothepen.C.Tohelpthewritingdry. D.Toincreasetheirthickness.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestatement?A.ItwaseasyforX-raymicroscopetodetecttherawmaterials.B.O