初中英语语法全解全练：中考英语语法专项复习动词分类及短语

中考英语语法专项复习动词的分类及动词短语【中考解读】【考点分布】1.实义动词2.连系动词3.助动词4.情态动词【考点内容】掌握实义动词中及物动词和不及物动词的语法作用和延续性动词的用法，牢记连系动词和助动词基本用法及情态动词的辨析与运用。【命题趋势】1.考察在特殊语境中动词、连系动词、助动词及情态动词的运用2.实义动词的词义辨析【动词定义】：表示动作和状态的词【动词分类】：动词按照其词义和在句中的作用可分为：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词一、系动词系动词有一定的词义，不但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类见下表类别功能例词表示状态的be动词表示主语所处的状态am,

is,

are,

was,

were表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep,

remain,

stay,

stand,

lie表示感官的系动词表示人体感官的系动词look,

feel,

smell,

taste,

sound表示状态的系动词表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become,

get,

go,

grow,

turnSheisafriendlygirlandalwaysgetsonwellwithothers.她很友好，总是能和别人友好相处。Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.她比三年前漂亮多了。Thewindowremainedopenallthenight.这扇窗子整夜开着。Thefoodinthatrestaurantlooksdelicious,butittastesbad.那家餐馆的食物看起来不错，但尝起来难吃。【注意】：（1）一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。（2）表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时（feel除外）；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。[同步练习]=1\*GB3①—Theoranges____________sweet.—Ofcourse.TheyarefromYongxing,Chenzhou.tasteB.eatC.drink=2\*GB3②—Whydoyou______soupset?—BecauseIdidn’tgetthefirstplaceintheEnglishcompetition.lookB.soundC.smellD.feelKey:A,A二、助动词助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数，构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有be,do,doesdidhave,hasshall,will等。1.助动词be助动词功能例句be现在进行时：

am/

is/

are+现在分词I

am

reading

a

book.我正在看书。过去进行时：

was/were+过去分词I

was

cooking

when

my

mom

came

back.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在煮饭。被动语态：

be+过去分词The

clock

was

broken.那个钟表坏了。2.助动词do助动词功能例句do构成疑问句、否定句（形式有do,

does,

did）Do

you

come

from

Japan?你来自日本吗？加强语气Do

be

careful!一定要小心点！代替主要动词He

could

dance

as

well

as

he

did

before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。构成否定祈使Don’t

smoke

here!不要在这里吸烟！3.助动词have/will/shall助动词功能例句have构成现在完成时I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.我在香港呆了两天。will/

shall构成一般将来时He

will

go

to

America

tomorrow.他明天将要去美国。

We

said

we

should

finish

the

work

soon.我们说过会很快完成那份工作的。[同步练习]=1\*GB3①—Hello,Lisa.What'sthematter?—I______findmymobilephone._______youseenit?A.couldn't;DidB.can't;HaveC.need;HadD.must;Are=2\*GB3②—Who_____thefirstpaperintheworld?—CaiLun______A.invented;didB.wasinvented;wasC.didinvented;wasD.invented;was.=3\*GB3③“重要的事情说三遍”canbetranslatedinto“Importantthingsmustbeagainandagainandagain.”spokenB.repeatedC.describedD.introducedKey:B,A,B三实义动词实义动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词1.及物动词之后要跟名词或代词等作宾语意思才完整=1\*GB3①及物动词+宾语CouldIuseyourcomputer?=2\*GB3②及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Vegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.【拓展】带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：makesbdosthletsbdosthhavesbdosthseesb.dosthwatchsb.dosthhearsb.dosthnoticesb.dosth=3\*GB3③及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Tomlentmeabookyesterday.【常见带双宾语的动词】：give/bring/buy/lend/get/leave/make/offer/pass/teach/tell/write/show等【拓展】具有类似用法的还有：givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.lendgivesb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.2.不及物动词不及物动词不能接宾语。TomarrivedlastSunday.Hetalksinaloudvoice.【注】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)2.不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往跟一个介词，构成短语动词之后才能跟宾语。Ioftenlistentomusiconweekends.(1).有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它相当于一个及物动词。1)动词+介词Tomislookingforhislostpen.Whatareyoutalkingabout?【注】此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。2)动词+副词WhenIgrowup,I’llbeapolicemantocatchthieves.Shedressedherselfupbeforethepartystarted.【注】代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。（动副短语代夹）3)动词+副词+介词Keepawayfromthedangerousbuilding.Let’skeepintouchwitheachother.。4)动词+名词+介词YoushouldpayattentiontoyourEnglishspeaking.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.【注】这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。5)be+形容词+介词Heisinterestedinscience.I’msurprisedatthenews.常考动词辨析1.pay,spend,cost与take易混词主语常用结构例句spend人sb

spend

time/money

on

sth

某人在某事上花费时间/金钱

sb

spend

time/money

(in)

doing

sth

某人花费时间/金钱做某事He

spends

much

money

on

books.他将很多钱花在买书上。pay人sb

pay

some

money

for

sth某人为某物而付款；

sb

pay

for

sth某人为某物付钱，赔偿Hehaspaidthedoctor50poundsforthemedicine.他买药付给医生50英镑cost事或物cost sthcost(sb)somemoney某物花费(某人)多少钱Itcostsyou12poundstogotoLondonbyship.乘船到伦敦要花费你12英镑。takeitittakessbsometimetodosth某人花费多长时间做某事Ittookmetenminutestogotothepostoffice.我去邮局花了十分钟时间。[同步练习]=1\*GB3①—Whatwillthephone________？—Thesameasyousaid,eighthundreddollarseach.A.spendB.costC.payD.afford=2\*GB3②Beforestamps,peopledidn’t_____fortheletterstheysent,butfortheletterstheyreceived.A.payB.costC.spendD.take=3\*GB3③—I’msorry,MrHu.I_____myEnglishexercisebookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember_____itherethisafternoon.A.forgot;tobring B.left;totake C.forgot;totake D.left;tobring=4\*GB3④—HowmuchdoestheTV________?—Nottoomuch.It’sjustasecond-handedone?cost B.spend C.take D.payforKey:BADAspeak,tell,talk与say(1)say强调说话的内容或“(某处)写有”。SaysthtosbIcansayitinEnglish.我能用英语把它说出来。(2)speak作不及物动词时，强调说话的动作；作及物动词时，后面加语言。SpeaktosbThebabycan'tspeak.这个婴儿不会说话。speakEnglish说英语(3)talk强调两人之间的谈话。常见搭配：talkwith/tosb和某人交谈；talkaboutsth谈论某事。(4)tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语。Didyoutellherthenews?你把这个消息告诉她了吗？SheistalkingwithLucyinEnglish.她正在用英语和露茜交谈。常考搭配tellsbastory给某人讲故事Tellsbsth告诉某人某事Tellalie撒谎tellthetruth说实话Tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人（不要）做某事—Doyouknowwhyhedidn’t____awordwhenhe________to?—Becausehewastonervous.A.speak;speaksB.say;wasspokenC.say；spokeD.speak;isspokenKey:Cbring,take,carry,get,fetch[同步练习]=1\*GB3①Sam,myiPhoneisinmybedroom.Couldyou_______itforme?-Noproblem.AbringBfetchCtakeDcarry=2\*GB3②—I’veleftmykeysinthemeetingroom.Please___themforme.—Allright.A.buyB.paintC.washD.fetch=3\*GB3③—I’msorryIleftmyhomeworkathome.ShallIgoand_____it?—No,youneedn’t.Bringitheretomorrow.getB.sendC.takeD.passKey:BDA4.borrow,lend,keep单词意义常见搭配例句borrow借(进)borrow

sth

from

sb

向某人借某物Youcanborrowthisbookfromthelibrary.你可以从图书馆借这本书lend借(出)lend

sb

sth＝lend

sth

to

sb

借给某人某物Youmustn'tlendthisbooktoothers.你不能把这本书借给别人。keep保留，

引申为

“借用”“sb

keep

sth＋时间段”表示“某人借某多长时间”，也可与how

long连用Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.这本书你可以借两个星期[同步练习]=1\*GB3①—Excuseme,canI____yourpen?—Sorry,Ihave____ittoBob.A.borrow;lentB.borrow;borrowedC.lend;borrowedD.lend;lent=2\*GB3②I______＄300forthebike.A.tookB.spentC.costD.paid=3\*GB3③Itonly_______mehalfanhour_______toschooleverydaylastterm.A.takes;ridingB.spent;torideC.cost;walkD.took;towalk=4\*GB3④Whereareyougoing?Tothelibrary.I'vefinishedreadingthisbook,soI’mgoingto_______ it.A.buy B.throw C.return D.borrow=5\*GB3⑤—HowlongmayI___________yourdictionary?Foroneweek.Butitmustn't______________toothers.A.keep,belentB.borrow,lendC.lend,beborrowedD.have,borrowKey:ADDCAwatch,look,see，read[同步练习]=1\*GB3①Iprefer_____TVto_____books.A.watching；readingB.Reading；watchingC.seeing；watchingD.watching；looking=2\*GB3②I_____anarticleaboutfirstaid.It’susefulwhenIhaveanaccident.readB.sawC.lookedD.watchedKey:AA6.lookfor,find,lookup，findoutlookfor意为“寻找”，强调找的动作和过程。find意为“找到，发现”，强调找的结果。findout意为“查出，获知”，强调经过研究、调查而得。(4)lookup“向上看，查字典”，跟代词作宾语时，代词放中间。Shelookedupandshesawmanybirdsinthesky.她抬头仰望，看见天空中有许多鸟儿。[同步练习]=1\*GB3①—WhatisAmydoing?—She’s_____herEnglishbook.A.lookingB.lookingforC.lookingout=2\*GB3②Weneedtodosomeresearchto_______theanswer.A.findout B.lookout C.handout D.takeout=3\*GB3③—Couldyoutellmesomeinformationaboutthehotelsinyourcountry?—Whynot_______ontheInternet?A.lookforitB.tolookforitC.lookitupD.tolookitup=4\*GB3④Mymotherisillinhospital.Ihavetomygrandparentsathome.lookforB.lookatC.lookupD.lookafterKey:BACD7.wear/puton/dress词性及用法含义宾语其他wearv.表示

状态

穿着，

戴着

衣服、鞋、帽、围巾、领带、眼镜等put

on的反义短语是take

off；put

on还可表示“上演”，take

off也可表示“(飞机)起飞”。

4.be

dressed

in＝be

in＝be

wearing

穿着；5.get

dressed

穿戴好；dress

up

(as)装扮成留着胡须Put

onv.表示动作穿上，带上

衣服、鞋、帽等dressv.表示动作给某人穿衣服某人（或自己）[同步练习]=1\*GB3①Shehurriedly______thechildandtookhimdownstair.A.putonB.woreC.dressedD.hadon=2\*GB3②AlthoughLucyisonlythreeyearsold,sheisableto____herself.A.putB.makeC.wearD.dress=3\*GB3③WhyareyouaT-shirt?You’llprobablycatchacoldinthiscoldweather.A.wearingB.recyclingC.pullingD.sellingKey:CDA8.attend，join，joinin与takepartinattend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、去上课、上学、听报告等。如：◆join有两个用法：①指加入某个党派、团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等。②参加到某个人群中去，其结构为：joinsb.in(doing）sth.，根据上下文，in(doing）sth.中doing也可以省去。◆joinin多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如：◆takepartin指参加某项临时性的活动。如：(1)join表示加入某一党派或社会团体等组织而成为其中的一员。joinin意为“加入；参加(某种活动)”，表示“参加某人的某种活动”时，可用joinsbin(doing)sth。Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗？takepartin指参加会议或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。[同步练习]He______anEnglishclublastyearandhasimprovedhisEnglishalot.AprotectedBproducedCjoinedDreceivedKey:Creach，arrive与getto词汇词性用法例句arrive不及物动词arrive

in+大地方

arrive

at+小地方HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.他昨天到了上海。reach及物动词reach+地方WhendidyoureachNewYork?你什么时候到纽约的？get

to动词词组get

to+地方Wegottothetopofthemountainatnoon.我们在中午到达了山顶。[同步练习]—Whowasthefirstto____schoolyesterday?—Tomwas.reachB.getC.arriveKey:Ahearfrom，hearof与hear词汇释义+用法例句hear

from“收到……的来信”,后加sb.I

heard

from

my

father

last

week.hearof“听说”，后面加sth./sb.HaveyoueverheardoftheGreatWall?你听说过长城吗？hear“听到”+宾语+宾补Ihearagirlsinging.我听到一个女孩在唱歌。“听说”+宾语从句Iheardthatyoucancurecancerwiththismedicine.我听说你可以用这药来治癌症11.turnon,turnoff,turnup与turndown【拓展】：turn短语小结turnaround转身，调头turnback返回，折回turnin上交，告发turninto成为，翻译turnout结果是，出席turnover翻身，翻转turnto翻到，转向inturn依次地，轮流地It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了=1\*GB3①.—Wouldyouliketoattendthefarewellpartynextweek,Mr.Huang?—Sure,I’dloveto.Ihavenoreasonto_____yourinvitation.A.turndown B.turnoff C.turnup D.turnon=2\*GB3②Wouldyouplease_______yourMP3alittle?Yourbabysisterissleeping.turnup B.turndown C.turnon D.turninKey:A.B12.provide，offer,give与supply◆provide指“供给，提供，装备，准备”，providesbwithsth◆offer强调“主动提供”,offersbsth=offersthtosb◆give意为“供给,给出”，givesbsth=givesthtosb=1\*GB3①—How’sBobnow?—Iheardthecompany_____himaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.A.donatedB.servedC.offeredD.introduced=2\*GB3②Parentsoftentheirchildrensomegoodadvice.offer:withB.offer;／C.provide;withD.bothBandCKey:CD一、短语动词分类：1.动词+介词askfor请求belongto属于lookat看lookafter照顾learnfrom向…学习remindof提醒takeafter与…相像arrive

in／at到达

ask

for要，请求

do

well

in在……方面做得好

go

on继续

hear

from收到……来信

hear

of听说

Helpsb.with

sth.帮助……做

laugh

at嘲笑

learn

from向……学习

leave

for离开一地去另一地

talk

to与……谈话

go

in

for从事，致力于

put

up穿上，挂上

take

down拿下，取了

look

at（有意识地）看

speak

to对某人说

send

for派人去请

shout

at大声叫喊，吼叫

take

away拿走，带走

think

of考虑，关心

Turninto把……变成

wait

for等候，等待

take

off脱下，起飞

turn

on／off打开（关上）

listen

to听

look

after照顾，照看

look

for寻找

look

like

看上去像

get

to

到达

point

to

指着……

fill

with充满，装满

begin

with以……开始

deal／do

with处置，对待

meet

with偶尔遇见，遭遇

pass

on传递

belong

to属于write

to写信给……

call

on号召，访问，邀请

die

of死于……

depend

on依靠，依赖smile

at向……微笑

believe

in信任

2.动词+副词takeaway拿走wakeup醒来putoff推迟giveout分发thinkover考虑endup结束3.动词+副词+介词comeupwith提出，想出runoutof用完getalongwith与…相处dowellin擅长lookforwardto期望4.动词+名词+介词takepartin参加makeuseof利用payattentionto注意takecareof照顾5.系动词+形容词+介词bestrictwith对……要求严格bemadat对…..恼火befullof充满bedifferentfrom与……不同二、短语动词的用法：1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。thinkof想起lookafter照顾lookfor寻找agreewith同意askfor请求2.“动词+副词”结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。（1）接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后（2）接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间puton穿上putoff脱下putup挂起giveup放弃giveaway捐赠handout分发wakeup叫醒1.相同动词+不同介词①look短语1lookafter照顾;照看2.lookat看;朝……看3.lookdownupon看不起;轻视4.lookforwardto盼望;期待5.lookfor寻找;寻求6.lookinto向……里面看去;调查7.looklike看起来像8.lookoutof...往……外看9.lookout当心;留神10.lookover检查11.lookthrough浏览12.lookupto钦佩;仰慕13.lookup（在词典、参考书等中）查阅;查找②turn短语）turnon打开,turnoff关闭，turnup调高；调大，turndown调小；调低o把……变成③put短语）putup举手；张贴，puton穿上，putoff推迟，putdown写下；记下，putaway把……收起来放好，putout熄灭，出版2.不同动词+相同介词①up短语giveup放弃，fixup修理，cheerup使……高兴，getup起床，setup建立，wakeup使……醒来，takeup占据，从事②with短语comeupwith想出，catchupwith赶上，beginwith以……开始，startwith以……开始，endupwith以……结束。:keepout阻止进入，helpout分发，泄露，takeaway带走；拿走，giveaway帮助……中考必须掌握的动词短语记忆归纳】动词短语1.aimat瞄准；针对；致力于；旨在2.arriveat(in)aplace到达某地3.beginwith...以……开始4.believein信任；信赖5.belongto属于6.blowout吹来7.breakdown停止运转；出故障8.breakoff突然中止；中断9.breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发10.bringback恢复；使想起；归还11.bringgoodluckto...给……带来好运12.bringout使显现；使表现出13.bringup教育；培养14.call(sb.)back（给某人）回电话15.careabout关心；在意16.carefor关心；关怀；照顾17.catchupwith赶上（或超过）18.changeinto转换成；把……变成19.checkin报到；登记20.checkout查明；结账21.cheerup使振奋；使高兴起来22.cleanout清除；把……打扫干净23.cleanup（把……）打扫干净；（把……）收拾整齐24.clean...off把……擦掉25.clearout清理；丢掉26.comeacross（偶然）遇见（或发现）27.comealong（意外地）出现；发生；来到28.comeback回来；想起来29.comefrom出生（于）；来自30.comeon来吧；赶快；加油31.comeout出版；发表32.comeover顺便来访33.cometrue（希望等）实现34.comeupwith想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）35.compare...with比较；对比36.concentrateon全神贯注；专心于37.connectwith...与……相连38.cutout删除；删去39.cutdown砍倒40.cutoff切除41.cutup切碎42.dealwith处理；应付43.dependon(upon)依靠；相信；信赖44.dependon视……而定；决定于45.doone’sbest尽某人最大的努力46.dressup穿上盛装；装扮47.dropby顺便（或偶然）来访48.eatout出去吃饭49.endup以……结束；结果为……；最后处于50.fallasleep入睡51.fallbehind落后52.falldown落下；摔倒53.fallinlovewith爱上（某人或某物）54.fallinto落入；陷入55.fallover绊倒56.findout查明；发现；了解57.fixup修理；修补58.getalongwith...与……相处59.getaway逃离60.getback回来61.getinthewayof挡……的路；妨碍62.getoff脱下（衣服等）；下车63.getonwellwith和睦相处；关系良好64.geton相处；进展65.getoutof离开；从……出来66.getout出去；离开67.getover克服；恢复；原谅68.getup起床69.get/bereadyfor为……做好准备70.giveaway赠送；分发71.giveback归还；送回；恢复（健康）等72.givebirthto生；产生73.givein投降74.giveout分发；发放75.giveup放弃76.give...alift捎（某人）一程77.goforawalk去散步78.gooff发出响声79.goondoing...继续干某事；不停地干某事80.goonwith继续81.goout出去；熄灭82.goover仔细检查；复习83.gotothemovies看电影84.growup成长；长大85.handin交上；提交；呈送86.handout分发；发放87.hangout（俚语）闲荡；闲逛88.hangup挂断电话89.haveacold着凉；感冒90.havealook看一看91.haveclasses上课92.hearfrom收到……的来信93.hearof听说94.helponeselfto请随便吃点95.helpsb.withsth.在某事上帮助某人96.help(sb.)out帮助（某人）解决困难97.holdonto继续；坚持；保持98.hurryup赶快；快点99.joinin参加；加入100.keepintouchwith...与……保持联系101.keepoff勿踏；勿踩102.keepout不让……进入103.keep...awayfrom避免……接近；远离……104.kicksb.off开除某人105.knockat敲106.knockinto...与……相撞107.laughat嘲笑；取笑108.layout摆开；布置109.leadto导致；导向110.leaveout不包括；不提及；忽略111.liedown躺下112.listento...听……113.lookafter照顾；照看114.lookat看；朝……看115.lookdownupon看不起；轻视116.lookforwardto盼望；期待117.lookfor寻找；寻求118.lookinto向……里面看去；调查119.looklike看起来像120.lookoutof...往……外看121.lookout当心；留神122.lookover检查123.lookthrough浏览124.lookupto钦佩；仰慕125.lookup（在词典、参考书等中）查阅；查找126.majorin主修；专研127.makefriendswith...与……交朋友128.makeupone’smind下定决心129.makeup编造；组成；拼凑成;形成；构成130.mixup混合在一起131.openup打开132.passby路过；经过133.passon传递134.payattentionto对……注意；留心135.payba