2022-2023学年重庆市高三上学期12月月考英语试题及答案

2022-2023学年重庆市高三上学期12月月考英语试题及答案注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthemando?A.Dosomeexercise.B.Lookafterthebaby.C.Listentotheradio.2.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.3.Whichhouseisthewomanlookingfor?A.Theonewithagarage.B.Theonenexttoabookstore.C.Theonewithapoolinthegarden.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetogowiththeman?A.Shelivesnearby.B.Hehashadsomewine.C.Shecantakethelastbushome.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inalibrary.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inacinema.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Ateacher.B.Amanager.C.Adirector.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Bossandemployee.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.WheredoesMikecomefrom?A.Britain.B.Canada.C.NewZealand.9.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofMike?A.Heishelpful.B.Heishumorous.C.Heisstrong.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatcoloristheman’sshirtnow?A.Brightpink.B.Brightred.C.Lightpink.11.Howdidthemanwashhisshirt?A.Hehaditdry-cleaned.B.Hewasheditbyhand.C.Hewasheditinthewashingmachine.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydointheend?A.Returnhisshirt.B.Keephisshirt.C.Changehisshirt.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummerholiday?A.Travelabroad.B.Gocamping.C.Visithisaunt.14.Wherewillthewomanspendhersummerholiday?A.InChina.B.InSpain.C.InAustralia.15.Whattroubledidthemanhaveabroadlasttime?A.Hecouldn’tspeakChinese.B.Hefailedtoreachhismates.C.Hecouldn’tunderstandthelocallanguage.16.Whatwillthemanhavetoworkon?A.Math.B.Painting.C.Chinese.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Visitors.B.Students.C.Newemployees.18.WhatcanNatWestaccountprovide?A.Afreedrivinglesson.B.Freemobilephoneinsurance.C.DiscountsontrainfaresinBritain.19.Whatdothethreebankshaveincommon?A.Theyprovidefreelifeinsurance.B.TheyhavemanybranchesinBritain.C.Theydon’tchargeinterestsifcustomersareoverdrawn.20.WhatistheinterestrateofHSBCcreditcard?A18.8%.B.18.9%.C.19.9%.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteerProgramsSpecialNeedsSupportinBarcelonaAreyouinterestedinbeingavolunteerofSpecialNeedsSupportinBarcelona?Theprogramenablesvolunteerstoprovideone-on-onecareforpeoplewithavarietyofphysicalandmentaldisabilities.Ataspecializedcenter,volunteerscangainrelevantexperiencebysupportingpeoplewithdisabilities.Highlights:TheprogramstartseverysecondMondayofthemonth.Affordablefeesare$1000for2weeks.Itincludesaccommodation,mealsandairportpick-up.AnimalCareinSpainDoyouwanttomakesomefour-leggedfriendsasavolunteerofAnimalCareinSpain?TheprojectempowersvolunteerstoassistcatsanddogsthathavebeenabandonedinBarcelona.Volunteerstakecareofanimalsandimproveconditionsattheanimalshelterinordertokeepanimalsactiveandhealthy.Highlights:TheprogramstartseveryfourthTuesdayofthemonth.Affordablefeesare$1030for2weeks.Itincludesaccommodation,mealsandairportpick-up.ForestConservationinSpainDoyouwanttohelpdealwithclimatechangeinSpain?TheprojectprovidesauniqueopportunityforvolunteerstocontributetotherecoveryofthenativeforestsontheCataloniacoastnearBarcelona.Volunteersgainexperienceinfieldworkwhilehelpingthenaturalforestrecover.Highlights:TheprogramstartseveryWednesday.Affordablefeesare$425for1week.Itincludesaccommodation,mealsand24/7support.CoastalConservationinZanzibarAreyouexcitedaboutvolunteeringforcoastalconservationinZanzibar?ItisanopportunityforvolunteerstoexploretheJozaniForest.Volunteerswillgainexperiencebysupportinglocalinitiativesthataimtopreservethenaturalenvironmentandwildlifethrougharangeofactivities.Highlights:TheprogramstartseveryFriday.Affordablefeesare$540for1week.Itincludesaccommodation,airportpick-upand24/7support.1.Whendoyoubegintoworkifyouvolunteertohelpthosewithspecialneeds?A.EveryFriday. B.EveryWednesday.C.EveryfourthTuesdayofthemonth. D.EverysecondMondayofthemonth.2.Whichprogramenablesavolunteertodosomethingaboutclimatechange?A.AnimalCareinSpain. B.ForestConservationinSpain.C.CoastalConservationinZanzibar. D.SpecialNeedsSupportinBarcelona.3.Whatdothefourvolunteerprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyallchargefees. B.Theyallprovidemeals.C.Theyalllastoneortwoweeks. D.Theyallfocusonenvironmentalprotection.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个适合青少年参加的志愿者项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个项目的“TheprogramstartseverysecondMondayofthemonth.(该计划在每个月的第二个周一开始。)”可知，如果你想去帮助有特殊需求的人，你需要在每个月的第二个周一开始工作。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个项目第一句“DoyouwanttohelpdealwithclimatechangeinSpain?(您想帮助西班牙应对气候变化吗？)”可知,该项目致力于帮助解决气候变化的问题。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第一个项目中的“Affordablefeesare$1000for2weeks.(两周1000美元。)”，第二个项目中的“Affordablefeesare$1030for2weeks.（两周1030美元。）”，第三个项目中的“Affordablefeesare$425for1week.(一周425美元。)”以及第四个项目中的“Affordablefeesare$540for1week.(一周540美元。)”可知，这四个项目都是收取费用的。故选A项。BOneofthereasonsIbecameateacherwashowmuchIlovedthereadingandwritingprocess,andhowexcitedIwastohelpyoungchildrendevelopasreadersandwriters.Ihadvisionsofaclassfullofbusywriters,allwiththesamesenseofexcitementI’vealwayshadaboutwritingandsharingstories.Oneday,IdiscoveredtheworkofVivianPaley,whodevelopedastorytellingcurriculumforyoungchildrenthatinvolveswritingdownthecontentsofstudents’drawingsandhavingtheirclassmatesactoutthesestories.IwasimmediatelydrawntoPaley’sfocusondramatization(编剧).Onemorning,asmystudentsgatheredinourclassroomforourwritinglesson,Itoldthemthattheycoulddrawanythingthey’dlike,imaginaryorrealthatday.Theydiscussedwithoneanotherwhattheylikedtodrawandsharedsomeoftheseideasoutloud,whichhelpedinspirethosewhoweren’treadywiththeirownideas.Forthenexthalf-hourorso,Iwasbusywritingdowntheirstories.Iobservedsomeofmymosthesitantandunwillingstudentsdrawingwithasenseoffocusandpurpose.Attheendofthesession,wesatinacircleandIexplainedthatwewouldactoutsomeoftheirstories.The“playwright(剧作家)”wouldchooseclassmatestobethecharactersinthestory,andIwouldtellthestory.Thenthefirstplaywrightstooduptoannouncewhichchar-actersshe’dneed.Iwatchedasonestudentbecamearabbit,anotherbecameafairy,andanotherbecamearainbowcloud.Whentheplaywasover,theactorsandplaywrightbowed,andtheclassclappedforthem.Thenextplaywrightjumpedtoherfeet,shouting,“Mystoryisnext!”4Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A.Shehopedherstudentswouldinspireherwriting.B.Shedidn’treallyexpecttobeateacherwhenyoung.C.Shewantedtohelpherstudentsfallinlovewithwriting.D.Shebecameateachermainlybecauseshelovedchildren.5.HowdidtheauthorreactwhenshereadVivianPaley’swork?A.Shedecidedtotrydrawingpicturesherself.B.Shewantedtoencourageherstudentstoact.C.Shebecameinterestedintryingdramatization.D.Shewantedtoletherstudentsactoutherstories.6Whatdidtheauthorencourageherstudentstodothatmorning?A.Revealtheircreativeideasthroughdrawing.B.Writedowntheirstoriesinsimplewords.C.Drawpicturesofstoriesthey’dread.D.Observeothers’drawings.7.Whatdidtheauthorprobablyrealizeinthatsession?A.Shewasreallygoodatmakingupstories.B.Herstudentsreallyhadagiftforacting.C.Sheshouldreadstoriesaloudeveryday.D.Herstudentsreallylovedthatmethod.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者热爱教育，并在写作课上进行绘画和表演相结合课程实践的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“OneofthereasonsIbecameateacherwashowmuchIlovedthereadingandwritingprocess,andhowexcitedIwastohelpyoungchildrendevelopasreadersandwriters.”（我成为一名教师的原因之一就是我非常喜欢阅读和写作的过程，帮助孩子们成为读者和小作家让我感到非常兴奋。）可知，作者自己喜欢写作并且想帮助孩子们写作，由此可知，她想帮助孩子们建立对写作的热爱，故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IwasimmediatelydrawntoPaley’sfocusondramatization(编剧).”（我立刻被Paley对于编剧的关注所吸引。）可知，作者被这个课程所吸引，由此可知，她开始对尝试戏剧化产生兴趣。故选C项。【6题详解】事实细节题。根据第三段“Onemorning,asmystudentsgatheredinourclassroomforourwritinglesson,Itoldthemthattheycoulddrawanythingthey’dlike,imaginaryorrealthatday.”（一天早上，当我的同学们聚集在教室上写作课的时候，我告诉他们说，他们可以画任何他们喜欢的东西，不管是想象的还是真实的都可以。）可知，作者告诉学生们可以通过绘画展示他们的创意。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Whentheplaywasover,theactorsandplaywrightbowed,andtheclassclappedforthem.Thenextplaywrightjumpedtoherfeet,shouting,“Mystoryisnext!””（演出结束时，演员和剧作家鞠躬致谢，全班为他们鼓掌。下一个剧作家跳了起来大声说“接下来是我的故事！”）可知孩子们很喜欢这种形式的课程并愿意展现自己，推断出她的学生喜欢这种教学方法。故选D项。CDogshaveaseeminglyendlesslistoflovelybehavior,andtheircuriousheadtilt(歪头)athumanvoicesisnoexception.Whileconductingastudyondogs’abilitytolearnwords,scientistsstumbleduponapotentiallinkbetweendogs’memoryandtheirheadtilt.Inthestudy,researcherslookedattheheadtiltpatternsofboth“gifted”and“typical”dogs.Ownersorderedtheirdogstofetchaspecifictoyfromanotherroom.Whilemostdogsstruggledtomemorizethenameofjusttwotoys,theseven“gifted”dogs-allofwhichwerebordercollies(牧羊犬)couldrememberatleasttendifferenttoynamesthey＇dbeentaughtbyresearchers.Theteamfoundthatdogsthatwereparticularlygoodattoyrecalltiltedtheirheadsmoreoftenwhenhearingacommandthandogswhichweren’tasskilled.Whentheycomparedthedogs’responsestoacommandfromtheirowners,gifteddogstiltedtheirheads43percentofthetime,whiletypicaldogsdidsojust2percentofthetime.It’spossible,scientistsconcluded,thatthedogs’headtiltmaybeasignofpayingattentionorevenmatchinganametoavisualimageintheirheads.Researchersalsodiscoveredthatdogsusuallytiltedtheirheadsinthesamedirectionregardlessofwheretheownerwasstanding.Theso-called“right-tilters“and“left-tilters”maybeamatterofindividualpreference.“Thenextstepistoaskmorequestionstoknowwhattheheadtiltreallymeans,“saystheresearcherMoniqueUdell.“Canweuseheadtiltingtopredictword-learningability,orattention,ormemory?””Theresearchersagreethatthestudyisstillintheearlystages.Fornow,dogownerscantakecomfortinknowingthattheirdogs’headtiltmaybealovelyattempttobetterunderstandthem.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“stumbledupon“underlinedinparagraph1?A.Brokebyaccident. B.Discoveredunexpectedly.C.Imaginedwithoutreason. D.Investigatedsecretly.9.Whatwerethedogsaskedtodointhestudy?A.Findoutthehiddentoys.B.Findthenameofthetoys.C.Separatethedifferenttoys.D.Gotogetthetoysmentioned.10.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutthegifteddogshearingcommands?A.Theirresponseswerefaster.B.Theytiltedtheirheadsmoreoften.C.Theytiltedtheirheadstotheleftmoreoften.D.Theyweremoreeasilyinfluencedbytheowners’locations.11.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Dogsmainlycommunicatebytiltingtheirheads.B.Dogshavedevelopedspecificcommunicationskills.C.Anewstudyoffersaclueastowhydogstilttheirheads.D.Bordercolliesarethesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，狗的歪头行为可能与它们的学习能力有关系。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据首段中的“Dogshaveaseeminglyendlesslistoflovelybehavior,andtheircuriousheadtilt(歪头)athumanvoicesisnoexception.(狗似乎有无穷无尽的可爱行为，它们好奇的头歪着听人的声音也不例外。)”及下文的研究发现“…apotentiallinkbetweendogs’memoryandtheirheadtilt.(……狗的记忆和头部倾斜之间的潜在联系。)”可推知，此处是指“意外发现”。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Ownersorderedtheirdogstofetchaspecifictoyfromanotherroom.(主人命令他们的狗从另一个房间拿一个特定的玩具。)”可知，在这项研究中，狗的主人让狗取来指定的玩具。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Theteamfoundthatdogsthatwereparticularlygoodattoyrecalltiltedtheirheadsmoreoftenwhenhearingacommandthandogswhichweren’tasskilled.(研究小组发现，特别擅长玩具回忆的狗在听到命令时比不那么熟练的狗更频繁地歪头。)”可知，那些特别擅长记住玩具名字的狗，在听到指令时歪头更频繁。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Whileconductingastudyondogs’abilitytolearnwords,scientistsstumbleduponapotentiallinkbetweendogs’memoryandtheirheadtilt.”可知,文章主要介绍的是研究人员的一项发现：狗的歪头行为可能与它们的学习能力有关系。文章其它内容均围绕着这一研究展开。故选C项。DAteamledbyresearchersfromtheUKexaminedwaterbirddatafrom1506protectedareasandanalyzedmorethan27,000birdpopulationsacrosstheworld.Theycomparedwaterbirdpopulationsbeforeandaftertheestablishmentofprotectedareasandalsocomparedtrendsofsimilarpopulationswithinandoutsideofprotectedareas.“Ourstudyshowsthat,whilemanyprotectedareasareworkingwell,manyothersarefailingtohaveapositiveeffect,”leadauthorHannahWauchopesaysinastatement.“Inthemajorityofplaceswelooked,birdpopulationswerestableorwereincreasing,butsomeofthemweren’tdoinganybetterthaninunprotectedareas,“sheadds.“That’sdisappointing,butnotsurprising.Thereseemstobethedisconnectionbetweenpeopletalkingabouthowmuchlandisprotectedandwhetherthoseareasareactuallydoinganythingpositive.”ThisstudycomesaheadofaUnitedNationsmeetinginChinatodiscussbiodiversitygoalsforthenextdecade.Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentoftheplanetby2030,yettheresearcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveout-comesforspecies.“Anobsession(迷恋)withreachingacertainarea-basedtarget-suchas30percentby2030-withoutfocusonmanagingexistingprotectedareasappropriatelywillachievelittle,”co-authorJuliaJonessays.“WhenworldleadersgatherinChinalaterthisyeartosettargetsforthenextdecade,Ireallyhopetoseeachangeoftheirfocus,ratherthansimplysayinghowmuchsurfaceareatheyaregoingtoprotect.”AccordingtoThomasBrooks,chiefscientistattheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,waterbirdsareagoodexampleofagroupfacingtheconsequencesofhumanbehaviorsthatcausebiodiversityloss.Theseanimalsrespondquicklytochangesinsitequalityandarebroadlydistributed,clearlyreflectingtheimpactofprotectedareas.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutprotectedareasfromthestudy?A.Theyhaveanegativeeffectonwildlife.B.Theirbirdpopulationsareincreasing.C.Theirproblemswentunnoticedatall.D.Theydon’talwayshelpwaterbirds.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this“inparagraph3referto?A.Expandingprotectedareas.B.Organizingthemeeting.C.Talkingaboutbiodiversity.D.Makingabigpromise.14.WhatdoesJuliaJonescallonworldleaderstodo?A.Trytosettargetsforthenexttenyears.B.Focusontheeffectivenessofprotectedareas.C.Facetheconsequencesofhumanbehaviors.D.Haveadeepunderstandingofbiodiversity.15.WhatmightThomasBrooksthinkofthestudy?A.Pioneering. B.Disappointing.C.Convincing. D.Unsatisfying.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。根据英国研究人员领导的一个团队发现，虽然很多保护区的运作良好，但很多保护区并没有产生积极的影响，并分析了出现这种现象的原因，希望世界领导人在未来的十年规划中能讲重点转移到保护区的实际效果上来。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Ourstudyshowsthat,whilemanyprotectedareasareworkingwell,manyothersarefailingtohaveapositiveeffect,”leadauthorHannahWauchopesaysinastatement.(“我们的研究表明，虽然许多保护区运作良好，但许多其他保护区未能产生积极影响，”主要作者HannahWauchope在一份声明中说。)”可知，保护区并不总能帮到水鸟。故选D项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentoftheplanetby2030,yettheresearcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveout-comesforspecies.(一些国家已经承诺到2030年保护地球的30%，然而，研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能保证对物种产生积极的影响。)”可知,一些国家已经承诺到2030年时将保护地球30％的土地，此处的this指上文提到的“承诺到2030年保护地球的30%”也就是承诺“扩大保护区域”。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Anobsession(迷恋)withreachingacertainarea-basedtarget-suchas30percentby2030-withoutfocusonmanagingexistingprotectedareasappropriatelywillachievelittle,”co-authorJuliaJonessays.(“痴迷达到某个基于区域的目标——例如到2030年达到30%——而不专注于适当管理现有保护区将收效甚微，”合著者朱莉娅琼斯说。)”及第一段该研究的发现可知，她呼吁世界领导人关注对现有保护区的管理，确保它们能发挥应有的作用。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AccordingtoThomasBrooks,chiefscientistattheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,waterbirdsareagoodexampleofagroupfacingtheconsequencesofhumanbehaviorsthatcausebiodiversityloss.(根据国际自然保护联盟首席科学家托马斯布鲁克斯的说法，水鸟是一个面临导致生物多样性丧失的人类行为后果的群体的一个很好的例子。)”可知,ThomasBrooks认为,研究水鸟确实能看出保护区对野生生物的影响,该研究是令人信服的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theprocessbywhichrichlandbecomesdesertiscalleddesertification(沙漠化).___16___TheU.N.saysupto45percentofAfrica’slandisimpactedbydesertification,worsethananyothercontinent.Africa’sGreatGreenWallisaprojecttobuildan8000-kilometer-longforestacross11ofthecontinent’scountries.TheprojectismeanttocontainthegrowingSaharaDesertandfightclimatechange.___17___Theyincludelimitedpoliticalsupport,lackofmoney,weakorganizationalstructures,andnotenoughconsiderationfortheenvironment.Just4millionhectaresoflandhavebeenturnedintoforestsincetheworkontheGreatGreenWallbegan15yearsago.___18___Launchedin2007,theprojectaimstoplantaforestfromSenegalontheAtlanticOceaninwesternAfricatoEritrea,EthiopiaandDjiboutiintheeast.___19___Itcouldalsoreducelevelsofclimate-relatedmigrationintheareaandcapturehundredsofmillionsoftonsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.___20___Theysaysomeprogresshasbeenmadeinrecentyearsintheeastofthecontinent.Forexample,effortsinEritreaandSudanhaveresultedinnearly140,000hectaresofnewlyplantedforest.TheU.N.desertificationagencysaystheprojectwillneedtoplantanaverageof8.2millionhectaresyearlytoreachitsgoalof100millionhectaresby2030.A.Ithassevereimpactsontheenvironment.B.Thatisonly4percentoftheprogram’sgoal.C.However,itisdifficulttocarryouttheproject.D.Buttheprojecthasbeenfacingmanyproblems.E.TheprojectwouldcreatemillionsofgreenjobsinruralAfrica.F.Despitemanyproblems,thoseinvolvedintheprojectremainhopeful.G.Somecountrieshavestruggledtokeepupwiththedemandsoftheproject.【答案】16.A17.D18.B19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲绿色长城项目的进展情况。【16题详解】根据下文“TheU.N.saysupto45percentofAfrica’slandisimpactedbydesertification,worsethananyothercontinent.(联合国表示，非洲多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)”可知，该空是介绍沙漠化对环境的影响，A项“Ithassevereimpactsontheenvironment.(它对环境有严重影响。)”中的impacts为解题的关键信息，所讲述的内容与下文一致。故选A项。【17题详解】根据下文“Theyincludelimitedpoliticalsupport,lackofmoney,weakorganizationalstructures,andnotenoughconsiderationfortheenvironment.(它们包括有限的政治支持，缺乏资金，组织结构薄弱以及对环境的考虑不足。)”列举了各种问题，与D项“Buttheprojecthasbeenfacingmanyproblems.(但该项目一直面临许多问题。)”呼应。故选D项。【18题详解】根据空格位于段尾可知，此处应该是对该段的总结，上文“Just4millionhectaresoflandhavebeenturnedintoforestsincetheworkontheGreatGreenWallbegan15yearsago.(自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来，只有400万公顷的土地变成了森林。)”讲述的是自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来的取得的成绩，B项“Thatisonly4percentoftheprogram’sgoal.(这只是该计划目标的4%。)”中的that指代的内容与上文内容相符合。故选B项。【19题详解】根据空后“Itcouldalsoreducelevelsofclimate-relatedmigrationintheareaandcapturehundredsofmillionsoftonsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.(它还可以降低该地区与气候相关的迁移水平，并从空气中捕获数亿吨二氧化碳。)”可知，该空所填内容是对项目好处的表述，E项“TheprojectwouldcreatemillionsofgreenjobsinruralAfrica.”讲述的该项目产生的影响，符合语境。故选E项。【20题详解】根据下文“Theysaysomeprogresshasbeenmadeinrecentyearsintheeastofthecontinent.(他们说，近年来非洲大陆东部取得了一些进展。)”可知，此空所填内容中必须包含名词复数与该句中的代词they指代内容一致，F项“Despitemanyproblems,thoseinvolvedintheprojectremainhopeful.(尽管存在许多问题，但参与该项目的人仍然充满希望。)”中的those指代内容与they一致，结合上下文语意理解，可以判断F项符合语境。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2007,22-year-oldRamesh’speanutfarmlostmoney.AswasoftenthecaseinmostofIndia,Rameshwas___21___pesticides(杀虫剂)andfertilizersacrosshis2.4hectaresintheAnantapurdistrictofsouthernIndia.Inthisdesert-likearea,whichgetslessthan600millimetersofrainfallmostyears,farmingisa(n)___22___.“Ilostalotofmoneygrowingpeanutsthroughchemicalfarming___23___,”saysRamesh,whoisinterestedinagriculture.Thechemicalsare___24___inmanypartsofsouthernIndia.Thefarmersdependtoomuchonpesticides.Thechemicalsare___25___buttheproductionislow.Thenin2017,he___26___thechemicals.“EversinceI___27___sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming,theproductionhasbeen___28___andthecosthasgonedown,”hesays.Onenaturalfarmingmethodcallsfor___29___allchemicalfertilizersandpesticideswithorganicmattertoboostsoilnutrientlevels.Rameshalsoexpandedhiscrops,____30____peanutsandsometomatoes.Thenheaddedeggplantsandothercrops.Withthe____31____ofthenon-profitorganizationAccionFraternaEcologyCentre,whichworkswithfarmerswhowanttotry____32____farming,Rameshincreasedhis____33____enoughtobuymoreland,expandinghisfield.LikethousandsofotherfarmerspracticingnaturalfarmingacrossIndia,Rameshhas____34____toenrichhisdeadsoilwhilehisnewtreeshelpkeepcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,thusplayinganimportantroleinreducingIndia’scarbonfootprint.Recentstudyhasshownthatthecarbonabsorption____35____ofnaturalfarmingisasmuchas34percenthigherthanstandardformsofagriculture.21.A.collecting B.applying C.gaining D.robbing22.A.advantage B.principle C.challenge D.disaster23.A.phenomena B.conditions C.methods D.analyses24.A.accessible B.specific C.missing D.common25A.costly B.useful C.complicated D.harmless26.A.advocated B.abandoned C.adopted D.advanced27.A.brokeup B.leftout C.backedout D.tookup28.A.increased B.emphasized C.ruined D.suspended29.A.understanding B.replacing C.confusing D.rejecting30.A.anxiously B.eventually C.rarely D.originally31A.adjustment B.aid C.exception D.debt32.A.temporary B.overseas C.sustainable D.abnormal33.A.fitness B.limits C.profits D.respect34.A.managed B.hesitated C.failed D.agreed35.A.loss B.barrier C.credit D.potential【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.D31.B32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，却成本高，产量低，后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既使农民个人受益，也有效帮助减少碳足迹。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度大多数地区一样，Ramesh在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区的2.4公顷土地上施用杀虫剂和化肥。A.collecting收集，收藏；B.applying申请，应用；C.gaining获得；D.robbing掠夺，盗取。根据后文宾语“pesticidesandfertilizers(杀虫剂和肥料)”以及地点状语“acrosshis2.4hectaresintheAnantapurdistrictofsouthernIndia(在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区2.4公顷的土地上)”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片沙漠般的地区，常年降雨量不足600毫米，务农是一项挑战。A.advantage优点，优势；B.principle规范，原理；C.challenge挑战；D.disaster灾难。根据前文“Inthisdesert-likearea,whichgetslessthan600millimetersofrainfallmostyears(在这个沙漠般的地区，大多数年份的降雨量都不到600毫米)”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对农业感兴趣的Ramesh说：“通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱。”A.phenomena现象；B.conditions条件；C.methods方法；D.analyses分析。分析语境可知，这里的“chemicalfarming”应是指前文“pesticidesandfertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品在印度南部许多地区很常见。A.accessible可用的，易理解的；B.specific明确的，具体的；C.missing丢失的；D.common通常的，普遍的。根据后文“Thefarmersdependtoomuchonpesticides.(农民们过度依赖杀虫剂。)”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。A.costly昂贵的，花钱多的；B.useful有用的；C.complicated复杂的；D.harmless无害的。分析可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“low”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在2017年，他放弃了这些化学品。A.advocated提倡，宣扬；B.abandoned放弃，遗弃；C.adopted收养，采取；D.advanced发展，前进。根据前文Ramesh的话“Ilostalotofmoneygrowingpeanutsthroughchemicalfarming___3___(通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱)”以及“Thechemicalsare___5___buttheproductionislow.(这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。)”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A.brokeup分裂，分手；B.leftout遗漏，不考虑；C.backedout退出，食言；D.tookup开始从事，采用。后文“sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming(可持续农业实践，比如自然耕作)”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A.increased增长，增加；B.emphasized强调；C.ruined破坏，毁坏；D.suspended暂停，中止。根据后文“Rameshalsoexpandedhiscrops,___10___peanutsandsometomatoes.Thenheaddedeggplantsandothercrops.(Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。然后他又种植了茄子和其他作物。)”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种自然耕作方法要求用有机物质取代所有化肥和农药，以提高土壤养分水平。A.understanding理解，明白；B.replacing取代，代替；C.confusing使困惑；D.rejecting拒绝，不同意。“replacesthwithsth”，固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。A.anxiously不安地，忧虑地；B.eventually最后，终于；C.rarely罕有，很少；D.originally原来，起初。根据前文“In2007,22-year-oldRamesh’speanutfarmlostmoney.(2007年，22岁的Ramesh的花生农场亏损。)”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织AccionFraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A.adjustment调整，适应；B.aid援助，帮助；C.exception例外；D.debt借款，债务。根据后文“whichworkswithfarmers(与农民合作)”可知，这个组织给与了帮助。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织AccionFraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A.temporary短暂的，暂时的；B.overseas外国的，海外的；C.sustainable可持续的；D.abnormal不正常的，变态的。与前文“sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming(可持续农业实践，如自然耕作)”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织AccionFraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A.fitness健康；B.limits限制；C.profits利润，盈利；D.respect尊敬，尊重。根据后文“buymoreland(购买更多土地)”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度其他数千名从事自然农业的农民一样，Ramesh成功地丰富了他的死土壤，而他的新树木有助于将碳排放到大气中，从而在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥了重要作用。A.managed管理，完成；B.hesitated犹豫，迟疑；C.failed失败；D.agreed同意。根据前文“EversinceI___7___sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming,theproductionhasbeen___8___andthecosthasgonedown(自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了)”可知，R