2024秋新教材高中英语Unit4Naturaldisasters单元素养评估卷五演练达标含解析新人教版必修第一册

PAGE15-单元素养评估卷(五)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEarthquakeshappenwithoutwarning.Theycanhappenanytimeofaday,atanypointduringtheyear.Butdon’tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.However,it’simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.DONOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.Ifyouareoutside,stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines(输电线).Findasafeplace.Stayunderadesk,table,orotherstrongfurniture.Holdontoit.Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Keepawayfromdangers.Keepawayfromwindows,picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding,andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou.Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake,notbytheshakingitself.Alsokeepawayfromafire.Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfonthefire.Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens,stopthecarifit’ssafe.Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops,anddon’tdrivenearbridges.Trynottostopbypowerlinesortrees.Thesecouldfallandhurtyou.1.Whatshouldwedowhenanearthquakeishappening?A.Stayunderabigbuilding.B.Stayunderstrongfurniture.C.Standbywindows.D.Drivenearabigbridge.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文中第三段“Stayunderadesk,table,orotherstrongfurniture.”可知,尽量在比较坚硬、牢固的家具下面躲藏避险,故B项正确。答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingisnotsafewhiletheearthquakeishappening?A.Runningoutofthebuilding.B.Stayinginacornerofthebuilding.C.Coveringyourheadwithyourarms.D.Coveringyourmouthwithatowel.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文中其次段“Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.”可知,你有可能会因为玻璃的掉落或部分建筑物的倒塌而受伤。再结合第三段“Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.”可知,A项做法是危急的。答案：A3.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A.Howdangeroustheearthquakeis.B.Howtobesafeinanearthquake.C.Weshouldn’tbeafraidoftheearthquake.D.Howtheearthquakecomesintobeing.解析：主旨大意题。本文主要给出了在地震发生之时如何爱护自己的几个小提示,故B项正确。答案：BBWhenanearthquakehitasmalltown,manyhousesfelldown.Aftertheearthquake,allthenewspapersreportedmanystoriesaboutsomeofthefamilieswhowereintrouble.OneSunday,whenIwasreadinganewspaper,aspecialpicturetouchedme.Itgavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Ithoughtthatthiswouldbeagoodchancetoteachmychildrentohelpthosewhowerelessluckythanthemselves.Isaidtomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andthree-year-oldMeghan,“Wehavesomuch,andthesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing.We’llsharewhatwehavewiththem.”Ifilledaboxwithfoodsandclothes.WhileIwasdoingthis,Iencouragedtheboystochoosetheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavouritethings.Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboystookouttheiroldtoysandgamesandputthemtogether.Thenshewalkedaway.AfewminuteslatershecamebackwithLucy,hermuch-loveddoll.Sheputthedollontopoftheothertoys.“Oh,dear,”Isaid.“Youdon’thavetogiveLucy.Youlovehersomuch.”Meghansaid,“Lucymakesmehappy,Mummy.Maybeshe’llmakeanotherlittlegirlhappy,too.”IlookedatMeghanforalongmoment.Shetaughtmealesson.It’seasytogivesomethingthatwedon’twantanymore,buthardtogivewhatwecherish(珍爱),isn’tit?4.Howmanychildrendoesthewriterhave?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Isaidtomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andthree-year-oldMeghan...”可知作者有三个孩子。故选C。答案：C5.What’stheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“donate”inParagraph3?A.捐赠 B.丢掉 C.展出 D.放好解析：词义揣测题。由孩子们找玩具及“Lucymakesmehappy,Mummy.Maybeshe’llmakeanotherlittlegirlhappy,too.”可知,donate“捐献,捐赠”。另外,结合本文作者的写作意图、文章的主旨大意也可得出答案。故选A。答案：A6.Whatcanweknowaccordingtothepassage?A.Anearthquakehappenedinthewriter’shometown.B.ThewriterletMeghangivehermuch-loveddoll.C.Thewriterdecidedtobuysomeclothesforthosepeopleintrouble.D.Thewriterthinksitismoredifficulttogivewhatwelovealot.解析：细微环节理解题。依据短文最终一段中的“It’seasytogivesomethingthatwedon’twantanymore,buthardtogivewhatwecherish,isn’tit?”可知,作者认为给出我们不想要的东西很简单,但假如是把自己珍爱的东西送给别人,或许更难一些,由此可知D项表述正确。答案：D7.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.AFamilyStoryB.TheSpiritofGivingC.TheWayofHelpingOthersD.ASadExperience解析：主旨大意题。本文记叙了作者看了报纸报道,了解到地震之后很多家庭陷入逆境,她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人,结果女儿给自己上了一课的故事。故B项正确。答案：BCAsweallknow,theearthquakeisoneofthemostseverenaturaldisasters.It’sshakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenbreakingandshiftingoflargesectionsofEarth’srockyoutershell.Itsresultscanbeveryhorrible.Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly(有规律地).Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquitemountainous.TheearthquakewhichwastalkedaboutmostintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Over6,000peoplediedinit.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakeseverrecordedwasfeltinPortugal.Over60,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,theYokohamaareaofJapan.Onehundredandfortythousandpeopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain1976.Itkilledalargenumberofpeople.TheworstearthquakeeverrecordedwasalsoinChina,inwhichabout69,000peoplewerekilledand370,000injured.Thisearthquakehappenedin2008.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecannotprepareforthem.8.Earthquakeshappen.

A.regularlyinmostplacesintheworldB.inalltheplacesintheworldC.onlyinthecountriesthathavealotofmountainsD.onlyinafewplacesalongthemountains解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段的介绍可知,有些地方很少或者根本没有地震发生,不过世界上大部分地方的地震的发生是有规律性的,同时,地震常见的国家通常多山。由此可推断出A项表述正确。答案：A9.Whenandwherewastheworstearthquakeeverrecorded?A.1964;Alaska. B.1923;Japan.C.2008;China. D.1976;China.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文中“TheworstearthquakeeverrecordedwasalsoinChina,inwhichabout69,000peoplewerekilledand370,000injured.Thisearthquakehappenedin2008.”的表述可知,有记录以来最为严峻惨烈的地震发生在2008年的中国,故C项正确。答案：C10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Earthquakescancausefires.B.Peoplestilldon’tknowwhenanearthquakewillcome.C.Earthquakesoftencomeunexpectedly.D.Thestrongertheearthquakeis,themorepeoplearekilled.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段的首句“Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.”可知,强震并不总是造成最多死亡的地震。故D项的表述错误。答案：D11.Whatmaybetalkedaboutintheparagraphfollowed?A.Howdoearthquakesworrypeople?B.Howcanwesavepeoplewhenearthquakeshappen?C.Whatwillpeopledotoprepareforearthquakes?D.Howdoearthquakeshappen?解析：推理推断题。结合文章最终一段讲解并描述的内容“地震令人胆怯 的缘由就是人们不知道它何时发生,人们无法为此而做打算”可知,下面讲到的内容可能与“如何为地震做好打算”有关,故C项正确。答案：CDCheckoutourtsunamifactsandlearnsomeinterestinginformationrelatedtothesegreatwallsofwaterthatcancausesomuchdestruction.Findoutwhatcausestsunamisandreadaboutsomenotablerecentexamplesoftsunamisthathaveoccurredaroundtheglobe.Tsunamisarehugewavesofwaterthatareusuallycausedbyearthquakesorvolcaniceruptions.Asatsunamiapproachestheshore,watermaymovebackfromthecoast.Ifitisshallowenough,thewatermaybepulledbackhundredsofmetres.Ifyouareinthearea,observingthisisagoodindicationthatatsunamiisontheway.Regionsintsunamidangerzonesoftenhavewarningsystemsinplacetogivepeopleasmuchtimetoevacuate(撤离)aspossible.Whentsunamishitshallowwater(oftennearthecoast),theyslowdownbutincreaseinheight.AnearthquakeintheIndianOceanoffIndonesiainDecember2004causedatsunamithatkilledover200,000peoplein14countries.InMarch2011,theTohokuearthquakeofftheeasterncoastofJapancausedatsunamithatwasamajorfactorinthedeathofover15,000people.ThetsunamiwavescreatedbytheTohokuearthquakereachedheightsofover40metres(131feet)inmineareas,wipingoutcoastaltownsandcausinganumberofnuclearaccidents.TheJapaneseword“tsunami”literallymeans“harbourwave”.Tsunamisaresometimesreferredtoastidalwavesbutthistermhasfallenoutoffavourbecausetsunamisarenotrelatedtotides.12.Whichofthefollowingshowsatsunamiiscomingsoon?A.Anearthquakehappens.B.Thewaterneartheshoreispulledback.C.Thewatermarchestowardsthecoast.D.Thewaterneartheshoreisveryshallow.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段的表述可知,海啸是由地震或火山爆发引起的巨浪。当海啸接近海岸时,海水可能会从海岸回流。假如水足够浅,可能会被拉回几百米。再结合“Ifyouareinthearea,observingthisisagoodindicationthatatsunamiisontheway.”可知B项正确。答案：B13.Whydidover15,000peopledieintheTohokuearthquake?A.Becauseofthetsunamicausedbytheearthquake.B.Becauseofthelackofwarningsystems.C.Becauseoftheearthquakeitself.D.Becauseofthenuclearaccidentscausedbythetsunami.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第五段首句“InMarch2011,theTohokuearthquakeofftheeasterncoastofJapancausedatsunamithatwasamajorfactorinthedeathofover15,000people.”可知,2011年3月,日本东海岸发生的地震引发的海啸是导致1.5万多人死亡的一个主要因素。答案：A14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theword“tsunami”isfromBritishEnglish.B.Theterm“tidalwave”isusedmoreoftenthan“tsunami”.C.MorepeoplediedintheIndonesiatsunamithanintheTohokutsunami.D.SomenuclearaccidentshappenedaftertheIndonesiatsunami.解析：推理推断题。依据文章最终一段可知,tsunami一词原属于日本,tidalwave这个词汇目前已经“失宠”,因为海啸与潮汐无关,再结合第四、五段的叙述可知,印度尼西亚2004年海啸造成死亡人数是200000,而日本2011年海啸造成15000人死亡,故C项正确。答案：C15.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.

A.makingsomeconclusionsB.makingsomecomparisonsC.providingsomenumbersD.listingsomefacts解析：文章结构题。通览全文内容可知,本篇文章以印度尼西亚和日本发生的海啸为例对海啸发生的缘由、造成的后果等进行了阐释,故D项正确。答案：D其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)依据下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Riversplayanimportantroleontheearth,andwecan’timaginewhattheearthwouldbelikewithoutrivers.16

Withalengthof6,650kilometres,theNileisthelongestriverintheworld.TheNilehasbeenthesourceofhumancivilisationsinceancienttimes.TheNilehastwomainbranches—theWhiteNileandtheBlueNile.TheWhiteNilestartsfromtheGreatLakesregionofEastandCentralAfricathroughLakeVictoria.17TheBlueNilecarrieswithitalotoffertilesoilwhichturnsouttobeveryimportanttofarminginEgypt.

TheAmazonRiveristheworld’slargestriverwithawidthofabout40kilometresduringtherainyseasonsbutabout10kilometreswidewhenitisnotflooded.TheAmazonRiverhassuchabigwatervolumethatitaccountsformorethan20%ofalltheworld’sfreshwater—farmorethananyotherriver.18ThemainAmazonRiverflowsmostlythroughBrazilandPerubutitstributariescanalsobefoundinmanyothercountries.

19Ithasadepthofabout250metres.Itslengthis4,700kilometres.ThesourcesoftheCongoRiverareinthehighlandsandmountainsintheEasternAfricaRiftValley.It’sthesecondlargestriverintermsofwatervolume.20TheCongoBasin(盆地)isthecatchmentarea(集水区)oftheCongoRiver.ItliesinbothnorthandsouthoftheEquator,makingitsflowverystableastherearealwayssometributariesexperiencingarainyseasonatanytime.

A.Someofthemareworthmentioning.B.TheCongoRiveristheworld’sdeepestriver.C.Doyouknowwhichisthedeepestriverintheworld?D.TheBlueNileoriginatesfrom(发源于)LakeTanainEthiopia.E.Withoutrivers,therewouldbenolivinglifeinandalongthem.F.Anditflowsthroughthesecondlargestrainforestintheworld.G.StreamsthatbeginintheAndesMountainsareitssources.答案：16.A17.D18.G19.B20.F其次部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Earlyinthemorning,itwasfreezingcold,andthedaydidn’tbreak.Itwassnowing.BecauseIhadmuchworktodoonmyfinalday,Isetoffforworkearly.Iwalkedslowlyalongthesidewalktowardsthe21.Ilookedupatthebuildinginwhichmanyofmy22hoursforthelastfiveyearshadbeenspent.Myheart23fastandIwasunwillingtogoin.Ididn’twantitto24.

25,Iwasmadetogothroughthedoorsofthecompanyforthelasttime.ThemorningwentbyasIhadplentyofworktofinishandI26onhavingthetaskdoneandignoredtheofficeclerks—theyalsokepttheirheadsdown,27eyecontact.Myleavingwassadtothemtoo.

Thatdaytwo28ofourteamwereleavingaspartoftheoverstaffedprogramme.Atnoonwehadaleavingspeechtogether,leavingcardsandpromisestostayin29.Beforeleavingmyposition,Ibegantothinkaboutmyfuture30.

InoneweekIwouldflytoNewYorkwhereIhadpreviouslyspentanamazingyearworking.Actually,thisjobhad31myinterestinworkingindiversity.

IdecidedtogotoAmericawithanothertwofriendsandIplannedtotaketimeoutto32mynextmovewiththem.Thisisabsolutelynecessaryinsuchasituation.Ifpossible,itis33foryourphysical,mentalandemotionalwell-beingtogetoutofyourregular34,awayfromhomeandallremindersofworktorechargeyourphysicalandemotionalbatteriesand35calmlyonwhatcomesnext.

21.A.basement B.officeC.school D.hotel解析：basement地下室;office办公室;school学校;hotel旅馆。句意:我慢吞吞地沿着人行道向办公室走去。由下文“Iwasmadetogothroughthedoorsofthecompanyforthelasttime”可知,这是作者最终一次走进公司的大门,所以推断出作者是在公司上班。答案：B22.A.observing B.thinkingC.waking D.sleeping解析：observe视察;think想;wake醒来;sleep睡觉。句意:我抬头看了看那座大楼,过去五年我大部分努力工作的时间都是在里面度过的。waking表示在过去五年内作者主动努力的工作状态。答案：C23.A.dived B.skippedC.jumped D.beat解析：dive跳水;skip跳过;jump跳;beat跳动。句意:我的心跳得很快,我不情愿进去。这是作者最终一天上班,充溢着惊慌和焦虑,更充溢着恋恋不舍。所以心跳得很快。答案：D24.A.end B.continueC.begin D.go解析：end结束;continue接着;begin起先;go走。句意:我不想结束这一切。由下文可知,公司裁员,作者被迫离职,所以在作者的内心是特别不想结束这一切的。答案：A25.A.Therefore B.HoweverC.Since D.Then解析：therefore因此;however然而;since此后;then然后。句意:然而,这是我最终一次走进公司的大门。分析句子可知,however与前一句“我不情愿进去,我不想结束这一切”形成转折关系。答案：B26.A.focused B.putC.lived D.based解析：focus集中;put放置;live生活;base以……为基础。因为作者有很多工作要做,所以始终在专注于自己的工作。focuson“专注于”符合句意。答案：A27.A.finding B.keepingC.avoiding D.wanting解析：find发觉;keep保持;avoid避开;want想要。作者的同事对于作者的离职也是恋恋不舍,感到很难受且内心也充溢着担心。所以都避开目光接触,假装似乎什么也没发生过。答案：C28.A.numbers B.membersC.troubles D.citizens解析：number数字;member成员;trouble麻烦;citizen居民。句意:那天,因公司裁员,我的两个同事离开了公司。答案：B29.A.action B.beliefC.touch D.surprise解析：action动作;belief信念;touch触摸;surprise惊异。句意:中午,我们聚在一起以此告辞,留下名片,并承诺保持联系。stayintouch“保持联系”符合句意。答案：C30.A.plans B.forecastsC.ways D.routes解析：plan安排;forecast预报;way方式;route路途。由下文可知,作者在一周后要飞往纽约,这是作者在离职之前就起先考虑的将来安排。故A项正确。答案：A31.A.aroused B.insistedC.canceled D.recognised解析：arouse激起;insist坚持;cancel取消;recognise认出。句意:事实上,这份工作激起了我对多元化工作的爱好。arouseonesinterestin“激起某人对……的爱好”,符合句意。答案：A32.A.comment B.discussC.stop D.talk解析：comment评论;discuss探讨;stop停止;talk谈话。因为作者离职,多少有些茫然,所以要和挚友探讨一下下一步该怎么做。答案：B33.A.good B.harmfulC.safe D.easy解析：good好的;harmful有损害的;safe平安的;easy简单的。作者在离职后有了一点对生活的感悟,觉得有些事未必就是坏事,相反有些事对身体、精神和情感健康来说是有好处的。答案：A34.A.opportunity B.routineC.habit D.entertainment解析：opportunity机会;routine路途;habit习惯;entertainment消遣。作者通过离职这件事情,对生活有了新的感悟,作者觉得人们应当从有规律的生活和工作中走出来给身体和情感充电,安静地思索以后的事情。答案：B35.A.consider B.thinkC.reflect D.view解析：consider思索;think想;reflect深思;view看待。句意:假如可能的话,离开你的日常生活,离开家,离开全部提示你工作的地方,给你的身体和情感充电,安静地思索接下来的事情,这对你的身体、精神和情感健康都有好处。答案：C其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Anelderlylady36.livesnearmekeepshergardensobeautiful.Ithaslotsofflowersandcolours.Theweatherisnottoogoodhereatthemoment,andactuallyit37.(rain).OnedayIdrovepastthiselderlylady’shouseand38.gardenwasshowingsignsofwinter.Iknockedonherdoorandshecameout.Shedidn’tknowmeandItoldherIhadflowersforher.

Shesaidshecouldn’timagineshewould39.(give)flowers.ItoldherIwasgivingthemtoherbecausesheworkedsohardinhergardenandweallgottoenjoythe40.(beautiful)ofit.Shewas41.(total)surprised.Allshecouldsaywas“Idon’tknow42.tosay.”HernameisElizabeth.43.(tear)randownElizabeth’sfaceandyouwouldtrulythinkshe’djustwonaprize.

Elizabethtoldmeshelovedflowers,andIlaughed,44.(tell)herIhadalreadyknewthat!Ialsogaveheralittlethank-youcard45.(let)herknowallherhardworkinhergardenbroughtjoytoothers.Thismomentwassoprecioustome.

答案：36.who/that37.israining38.the/her39.begiven40.beauty41.totally42.what43.Tears44.telling45.tolet第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)2024年4月25日,尼泊尔发生了剧烈地震,举世震惊。地震现场令人恐惊:整个城市一片废墟;大量楼房倒塌;道路被石块和砖掩埋;数千人被困在废墟下,几乎一切都被毁了。幸运的是,地震后全世界人民立即行动起来帮助当地人渡过难关。请依据以上内容写一篇文章,介绍详细状况。留意:(1)包括以上全部要点内容;(2)词数80左右,可适当增加细微环节;(3)参考词汇:Nepal尼泊尔、brick砖、returntonormal复原正常。

答案：OnApril25,2024,apowerfulearthquakestruckNepal.Thewholeworldwasshockedatthenews.Whatfrighteningscenes!Thewholecitylayinruins.Agreatnumberofbuildingsfelldownbecauseoftheterribleearthquake.Roadswerecompletelycutoffandburiedbystonesandbricks,whichmadetherescueworkverydifficult.Thousandsofpeopleweretrappedundertheruins!Inaword,nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Butfortunately,aftertheearthquake,thewholeworldtookactionrightawaytohelpthelocalsoutofthedisaster.TheyallsincerelyhopedNepalwouldreturntonormalassoonaspossible.其次节(满分25分)阅读下面短文,依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeand/orfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon,whycan’ttheyfindacureforthecommoncold?Theansweriseasy.Thereareactuallyhundredsofkindsofcoldvirusesoutthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachone.Whenavirusattacksyourbody,you