2024秋高中英语Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅡGrammar-现在完成时学案含解析外研版必修1

PAGE1-Module4ASocialSurvey--MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅡGrammar——现在完成时[语法图解][课文原句感知]①It'sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.②AndthisisthefirsttimeI'vevisitedyourhometown.③I'veseenquitealotofChinaandI'vevisitedsomebeautifulcities.④ButthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI'vebeento.⑤They'veputupalotofhigh­risebuildingsrecently.⑥Mywife'sjustboughtabeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.⑦XiaoLihaslivedinXiamenallhislife.⑧Thefamilyhavelivedinthetownfortwentyyears.⑨Uptonow,I'veunderstoodeverythingtheteachersaid.⑩HehasgonetotheGreatWall.[语法领悟](1)现在完成时的构成是：have/has＋过去分词。(2)由例句①可知，现在完成时可与since引导的时间状语从句连用。(3)由例句⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨可知，现在完成时可与时间状语recently,_just,_allhislife,for_twenty_years,_up_to_now连用。(4)由例句④和⑩可知，have/has_been_to表示“曾经去过(某地)”；have/has_gone_to表示“已经去了(某地)，去而未归”。一、现在完成时的构成确定句主语＋have/has＋过去分词否定句主语＋have/hasnot＋过去分词疑问句Have/Has＋主语＋过去分词被动句主语＋have/hasbeen＋过去分词[即学即练1]按要求改写句子Theyhavebuiltanotherhospitalinthearea.→Theyhaven'tbuiltanotherhospitalinthearea,yet.(否定句)→Havetheybuiltanotherhospitalinthearea？(疑问句)→Anotherhospitalhasbeenbuilt(bythem)inthearea.(被动句)二、现在完成时的用法(一)现在完成时的3个主要用法1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recently,before,lately,just,already,yet,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepast/last...years,thesedays等时间状语连用。—Haveyouhadlunchyet?——你(已经)吃午饭了吗？—Yes，Ihave.I'vejusthadit.——是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewyears.近几年他去过那里三次了。2．表示动作或状态过去已经起先，持续到现在(可能还会接着进行下去)。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用如：for＋一段时间，since＋过去时间点，sincethen,eversince,uptonow,sofar等。MrWanghasworkedinthisfactorysincehecametothiscity.自从到这个城市以来，王先生始终在这家工厂工作。Shehastaughtintheschoolfortenyears.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。[名师点津]在确定句中，非持续性动词如come,go,leave,borrow,buy,die,join等的完成时不能与时间段连用，若要接时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。但在否定句中，非持续性动词的完成时可与时间段连用。Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.(×)Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.(√)我买了这辆新车已经两周了。3．在时间、条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来要完成的动作。Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.直到公交车停下才能下车。Hewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedhiswork.他一做完工作就会来。(二)现在完成时的三个常用句型1．Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since＋一般过去时“自从……以来多久了”Itis/hasbeentwoweekssincewearrivedhere.自从我们到这里已经有两星期了。2．This/Itisthefirst/second...time(that)＋现在完成时“这是某人第一/二……次做某事”ItisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.这是我第三次看这部电影了。3．在“This/Itisthe＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”结构中，that引导的宾语从句要用现在完成时态。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.这是我看过的最好的书。[即学即练2](1)选词填空：for,since①MyaunthasworkedinAustraliafor15years.②Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeentheresince7o'clock.③Mikehasbeenillforalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalsinceOctober.(2)单句语法填空①Jimhas_finished(finish)hishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.②Don'tgetoutoftheroomuntiltherainhas_stopped(stop)．③Wehave_stayed(stay)hereforthreeweeks.三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区分1．现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，落脚点是现在。HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住了四年了。(可能接着住下去)2．一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在的状况没有关系。与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，lastyear，inthepast，ago等。HelivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住过四年。(现在已经不在那里住了)[即学即练3]对比翻译1．我们参观过这所学校。(说明现在对这所学校有所了解)We_have_visited_the_school.2．我们上周参观了这所学校。(只说明上周参观学校这个动作)We_visited_the_school_last_week.3．她在这所学校任教20年了。(可能刚调走，还可能接着教下去)She_has_taught_in_this_school_for_twenty_years.4．她曾在这所学校任教20年。(现在已经不在那里任教了)She_taught_in_this_school_for_twenty_years.链接高考——单句语法填空1．(2024·北京)China'shigh­speedrailwayshave_grown(grow)from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Since2011，thecountryhas_grown(grow)morecornthanrice.3．(2024·浙江)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemstohave_become(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.4．(2024·北京)Ihave_read(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.5．(2024·江苏)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themediahave_covered(cover)itinavarietyofforms.6．(2013·北京)Shakespeare'splayHamlethas_been_made(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.7．(2013·山东)—Ohno!We'retoolate.Thetrainhas_left(leave)．—That'sOK.We'llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.8．(2013·浙江)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshas_increased(increase)