2024秋高中英语Unit6DesignPeriodSixGrammar学案北师大版必修2

PAGE1-Unit6DesignPeriodSixGrammar单元语法(一)——表示时间、地点和动作的介词[语法图解][语法感悟]用适当的介词填空1．Thisexhibitionstartson1JulyattheNewmanGalleryinDinhamandendson15September.2．At6：00pmonFriday3JulytherewillbeatalkonChinesepaintingbyDrAlisonEnwright.3．InAugusttherewillbetalksonChineseculture.4．Duringhislifetime,hedevelopedthetraditionofcombiningpoetrywithpainting.5．Between1933and1940,heheldseveralexhibitionsinAsiaandEuropetopromoteChineseart.6．Healsouseddifferentshadesofgreyinacreativewaytoshowthesweatalongthehorse'sbody.介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必需同名词、代词、短语构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句子中常作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。一、表示时间的介词常用的时间介词有about,at,on,in,during,for,to,till,until,after,by,before,within等。1．at,in,on(1)at①表示钟点：at10o'clock,at6：30。②表示一天中的时间点：atnoon,atdawn,atsunset,atnight,atmidnight。③表示节假日：atChristmas。④表示年龄：at(theageof)．..。Igetupat6：00ameveryday.我每天早晨6：00起床。(2)in①表示一天的某个时间段：inthemorning,intheevening。②表示月份、季节、年份及世纪：inMay,insummer,in2024,inthe21stcentury。In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.1973年，我在小学教学。(3)on①表示详细的日期和特定的日子：on20thJanuary;onthelastdayofterm。②表示“在详细某一天或某天的上、下午”：onSunday,on(themorningof)March18。③表示在节假日那天：onChristmasThefamousfemalesingerdiedonFridayafternoon.这位闻名的女歌手于周五下午病故。2．for,since,till/until,by(1)for常跟详细的时间段，表示动作持续若干时间，句子的谓语动词常用完成时。JanehasbeenmarriedtoJackforfiveyears.吉恩与杰克结婚已经5年了。(2)since引导的短语所表示的时间始终持续到说话时为止，通常要与现在完成时连用。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIreturnedfromabroad.我从海外归来三年了。(3)till/untiltill/until与持续性动词连用一般用于确定句中，与短暂性动词连用一般用在否定句中。在句首或强调句型中，一般不用till而用until，且主句要用倒装句式。We'vehadverygoodweatherthiswinter,tillnow.今年冬天，直到现在天气都很好。Ididn'tstartwritinguntilIwasinmythirties.我直到三十多岁才起先写作。ItwasnotuntilhecamebackfromAfricathatyearthathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.直到那一年从非洲回来他才遇到他想结为连理的那位姑娘。(4)by＋时间点，表示“不迟于(某时)；在……之前”，常用于完成时态，“by＋过去时间点”与过去完成时连用。Byeighto'clockhehadarrivedatmyhotel.到8点时，他已经到达我住的宾馆了。3．before,after,in(1)表示在某时之前用before。We'llhavetofinishtheworkbeforerainseason.雨季到来之前，我们得干完这些活。(2)after与表示“某一特定时间”的词语连用时，句子动词用过去时、将来时均可。Hereceivedherletterafterfourweeks.四周后，他收到了她的信。We'llcomebackafterfiveo'clock.我们将在五点以后回来。(3)表示“在某段时间之后”，介词in短语常与将来时连用。Holdon,please.I'llcomebackinafewminutes.别挂断。我几分钟后就回来。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Hegoestoschoolatseveno'clockinthemorning.2．LindawasbornonthesecondofMay.3．ChildrengetgiftsatChristmasandontheirbirthdays.4．MoYan'sbookhassoldmorethan3millioncopiessinceSeptember2024.5．He'sbeeninprisonforyears.6．Theclasswillnotbeoveruntilseventeen.二、表示地点的介词表示地点的介词有：at,in,on,above,under,over,behind,before,infrontof,below,between等。1．at(1)表示特定的地点：attheendof...,atthebackof...,atthecornerofthestreet。(2)表示“在旁边，在旁边”：sitatthetable。(3)用在表示建筑物的名词前，如机场、高校、饭店、美术馆等：attheairport。(4)表示谈论旅途中逗留的城市或某地名称：atWatford。Thechildisnotbigenoughtositattableyet.那孩子还小，不能上桌吃饭。2．in(1)用在人或物前表示处于较大物体中，如inthekitchen,inthegarden。(2)用在城市、县、州及国家前：inGermany。(3)用在广场、商业街区等前：inTimesSquare。What'sinthebox?盒子里是什么？TheplanewillarriveinBeijingat13：00.飞机将于13点到达北京。3．in,to,onin表示在范围之内；to表示在范围之外；on表示与其接壤。(1)in表示在范围之内。ShandongliesintheeastofChina.山东位于中国的东部。IranislocatedtothewestofChina.伊朗位于中国西部。MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.蒙古位于中国北部。4．on,above,over,below,under,beneath(1)on“在……上面”，表面相互接触。(2)above只表示“在……上方”或“位置高出……”，与below相对。(3)over“在……正上方”，与under相对。(4)below“在……下方，低于……”。(5)under“在……正下方”。(6)beneath“在……下面”，一般表示表面相互接触，与on相对。Thereisanappleonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果。Aplaneflewaboveourheads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。Herskirtreachesjustbelowherknees.她的裙子刚好到膝盖下方。Theysatunderabigtree,drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。Joenjoyedfeelingthewarmsandbeneathherfeet.乔很喜爱脚下踩着暖和沙子的感觉。[巧学助记]巧记“上”“下”5．between,amongbetween是指两者之间或两两之间；among是指三者或三者以上之间。TheNiagarafallsisbetweenCanadaandAmerica.尼亚加拉大瀑布位于加拿大和美国之间。Thevillageliesamonghills.这个村庄坐落于群山之间。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Thepictureishangingovertheblackboard.2．Therearemanyflowersbelowthewindow.3．TaiwanliesinthesoutheastofChina.4．GuangdongProvinceisontheeastofGuangxi.5．JapanistotheeastofChina.6．Thehousestandsbetweentwofarms.7．Theproblemyouarefacingiscommonamongourteenagers.三、表示动作的介词常用的动作介词有across,along,into,to,from,over,against,toward(s)等。1．to,toward(s)to,toward(s)表示向某个方向移动，用法基本相同，但towards更强调动作特征。Hethrewastoneanditfelltotheground.他抛掉一个石块，石块落到地面上。Shesatwithherbacktowardsthewindow.她背对着窗户坐着。2．into,outof(1)into表示“进入”，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，常常与come,go,run,rush等连用。Thechildranintohismother'sarms.那孩子跑入他母亲的怀抱。(2)outof表示“从……里出来”，与into一样，也表示有确定的运动方向。Hetookthecardoutofhispocketandshowedittotheguard.他把证件从口袋里拿出来，并给警卫出示了一下。3．to,for,from(1)to表示“到……(某地或方向)”Cometomyhouse,Susan.苏姗，到我家来一趟。(2)for表示“向……”，用于表示目的地。She'llleaveforEnglandnextMonday.下周一她将动身去英国。(3)from表示“从……来”。WecomefromChina.我们来自中国。4．along,across,through,over(1)along沿着Helikestodrivealongtheriver.他喜爱沿着河开车。(2)across横穿Thelittlegirlisafraidtogoacrossthestreet.这个小女孩不敢横穿公路。(3)through穿过Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。(4)over从……上面越过，横越Thethiefjumpedoverthewall,andranaway.小偷翻过了墙，逃跑了。[即学即用3]单句语法填空1．ThefitnesscrazeissweepingacrosstheUnitedStates.2．Shedivedintotheswimmingpool.3．Heheadedstraightforthebar.4．Theysangastheywalkedalongtheriverbank.5．TheSmithshavegonetoNewYork.单元语法(二)——关系代词引导的定语从句[语法图解][语法感悟]用适当的关系词填空1．ChenZijiangisapaper­cuttingexpertwhom/who/thatIinterviewedformyarticleonChineseArt.2．Paper­cuttingissomethingthathelearnedtodofromanearlyage.3．Papercutsofanimalshavebeenfoundintombswhich/thatdatebacktothetimeoftheNorthernandSouthernDynasty!4．Ayoungfarmerwho/thatwantedawifewouldlookatayoungwoman'spaper­cuttingskillsbeforemarryingher!5．MrChenwentontoexplainthattherearethreetypesofpapercutswhich/thatpeoplestillmaketoday.6．Apresentforparentswhosechildhasrecentlybeenbornmightshowapapercutofchildren,forexample.7．Papercutswhich/thatshowtheChinesecharacterfordoublehappinessareoftenusedtocelebrateweddings.8．Peopletowhomthedeadpersonwasrelatedwouldmaketheseofferingsonspecialdaysandduringfestivals.一、基本概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why。二、关系代词的用法1．that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。通常在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不行省略，作宾语时可省略。Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.(that作宾语)我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。2．which用于指物，通常在句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不行省略，作宾语时可省略。Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(which作主语)位于火车站旁边的那座大楼是一家超市。3．who,whom用于指人，who用作主语、宾语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。但是在从句中作介词的宾语且干脆跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.(who作主语)常常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。Doyouknowtheman(who/whom)theyaretalkingabout？(who/whom作宾语)你相识他们正在谈论的那个人吗？Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我们大家都情愿向之学习的人。4．whose既可用于指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.他住在一所窗子朝南的房子里。三、关系词用that不用which的状况1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好玩的故事。2．当先行词为all,any,much,everything,anything,none,something,nothing等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做完了。3．当先行词被all,any,much,little,few,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音乐是唯一令我感爱好的东西。4．当先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that，而不用which。Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了使她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。四、关系词用which不用that的状况1．先行词本身为that时，用which，而不用that。What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？2．关系代词前有介词时，用which而不用that。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.我过去住过的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。3．引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Hehasawalkeverynight,whichdoesgoodtohim.他每晚都漫步，这对他有好处。五、关系词宜用who不宜用that的状况1．当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one,ones,anyone。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.谁那样做都确定是疯了。2．当先行词是I,you,he,they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。Hewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非英雄。3．当先行词为指人的those时。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度敬重。4．在therebe结构中，先行词是指人的名词时。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个年轻人想见你。六、定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.要求那些四十多岁的人于今日下午进行体检。[即学即用]单句语法填空1．Internetissointeresting,whichmakesallpossibleshappen.2．TheSoundofMusicisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3．Mysisterhasboughtanewcarwhosecolourisbrightred.4．Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?5．Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.6．ThereporterwhocamefromBBCwasexpressinghisdoubttothejudge.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Wewalkedalongtheriverandfoundseveralboatsonthewater.2．OnThanksgivingDayAmericansusuallyeatthepieswithpumpkins.3．Thetemperatureofyesterdaywas12℃abovezeroinBeijing,anditwasverywarmforwinter.4．Fromanywhereinthe