第14讲-语法填空(选修第一册)(原卷版)

第14讲语法填空1．了解语法填空的解题方法与技巧。2．进行语法填空真题训练。语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将中学阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。语法填空试题基本上涉及了中学阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡。从设题方式来看，分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类。已给单词提示题型的技巧这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形式。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例：Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——tobegiven。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses．Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness)．在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。未给单词提示题型的技巧这种形式主要考查同学们对语篇的理解、对逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词、连接代/副词、关系词和句式。因为没有提示词，所以同学们需要根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系和对一些长难句的结构分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，从而界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground，enjoying____，dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0yoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。技巧八：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates．根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。技巧九：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。技巧十：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre．横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十一：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。（2022秋·四川眉山·高二仁寿一中校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。YuanLongping,aChineseplantscientist___1___isknownasthefatherofhybridrice,passedaway___2___May22,2021.Yuanwasthefirstperson____3____(come)upwiththeideaofhybridizingrice.Hewas___4___(determine)tostudyricejusttomakemorepeoplehaveenoughtoeat,sohisinterestswere___5___(extreme)focusedonrice.Heandhisteammadetwomajordiscoveriesinhybridricecultivationin___6___1970s.HehelpedChinaworkagreatwonder,___7___(feed)nearlyonefifthoftheworld’spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld’totallands.Theymakeagreat___8___(contribute)toChineseagriculture.In2019,Yuan___9___(award)theMedaloftheRepublic,thecountry’shighesthonor.Yuanisoneoftherepresentativesthathavedevotedtheirlivesto_____10_____(improve)people’slivelihood.（2022秋·湖北十堰·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesefemalescientistTUYouyou,___11___(award)theNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicineonOct6whenshewas85yearsold,was___12___firstChinesecitizentowinaNobelPrizeinscience.Tu___13___(share)theprizewiththeIrish-bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiomuraofJapan.TuYouyouisacommittedandpatientresearcherattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Shewasawarded___14___developingartemisinin,“anewdrugtherapyagainstmalaria”___15___hassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide,___16___(especial)indevelopingcountries,theNobelAssemblysaidonitswebsite.Tuandhercolleaguesjoinedagovernmentproject___17___(find)anewmalariadruginthelate1960s.Theyexaminedover2,000recipesfromtraditionalChinese___18___(medicine)books.In1971,aftermorethan190___19___(fail),Tu’steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalaria.“ThediscoveryofartemisininisagifttomankindfromtraditionalChinesemedicine.It’sthecollectiveachievementoftheresearchteam.___20___(win)theprizeisanhonorforChina’sscienceandtraditionalChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.”TutoldXinhua.（2022秋·湖北武汉·高二武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thedifferencebetweenanovelistandaprofessoristhattheformer_____21_____(most)useshisextraordinarycreativegeniustoinspirepeople’spassionbywritingnovels，whilethelatter_____22_____(pay)moreattentiontoacademicresearch.Apoliticianwants____23____(found)hisowntheoriesandtriestocometopower.Ascientisthopestomakeremarkableachievementsandhavemoreinventionsandpatents.TakeAlbertEinsteinforexample.Hemadenumerous____24____(contribute)totheworld，themostwell-known60.____25____(be)thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.Heearnedadoctorateinphysicsin1905andgraduallybecamefamousasthenewIsaacNewton.Circumstanceschangedin1933，____26____HitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein，whowasJewish，foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutions____27____(close)tohim.As___28___consequence，hehadtofleeGermany.HefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton，USA．Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius，butalsoaverygentleman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair.Despitehispeculiarities，he_____29_____(admire)byhisfriendsandneighbourswhomheencountered.Itwason18April1955____30____Einsteinpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.（2022秋·湖北荆州·高二石首市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。PerhapsthematchbetweenamanandarobotAlphaGowasveryimpressive.Infactthegameof____31____iscalledweiqicandatebackto4000yearsago.Therearementionsofasimilargamecalledyi____32____(make)byConfuciusandMencius____33____itisnotcertainthatitisthesamegame.Thename“Go”comesfromitsnameinJapan.LikemanyJapanesetraditionsit____34____(adopt)fromChinaduringtheTangdynastywhenChinawas____35____(influence)andreacheditpeak.AsitmadeitswaytothewestviaJapan,itistheJapaneseformofthegame____36____ismostwidelyplayednow.Thegame,whichcanbeactuallytranslatedas“encirclementgame”,waslongconsideredtobeanappropriatestudyforscholarsasittaughtpeoplevarietiesofstrategies.____37____(rule)ofweiqiareextraordinarilysimple.Thereare180identicalwhitepiecesand181identicalblackpieces____38____(fight)againsteachotheronaboard19×19lines.Blackstartsfirstandthentheplayerstakeitinturntoplaceonepieceinto____39____unoccupiedplaceontheboarduntilallthepieceshavebeenplayed.Thereisnothingspecialabouta19×19board,and_____40_____(small)sizesareusedbybeginners.（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whatcouldtheschoolof2050looklike?Undoubtedly,thebiggestdevelopmentwe____41____(see)inrecentyearsistheadvancementoftechnology.Onenteringtheclassroom,biologicalrecognitionscanningwillallowstudentstocheckin,____42____(simplify)thebusyregistrationprocess.Teacherswillbeabletoautomaticallysortouttheattendancedata,fillinperfectrecord,andmanage____43____(track)thepatternsforbeinglate.Fortheschoolofthefuture,therewillbenoneedtowrestlewithheavy____44____(curtain)ordust-coveredblinds;we’llhavesmartglass.Windowscanautomaticallyadjust____45____(them)colortomakeupforexternalbrightness,protectingbothoureyesandscreens.Assummertemperaturescontinuetorise,thegeneraltrendfor2050iswarmer,driersummersaswellaswarmer,wetterwintersandair-conditionedclassrooms,____46____willbe-comethenorm(常态).Buttheywillbe____47____(clean),moreflexiblyandsustainable(可持续的),withbuilt-inairpurifierstoremovetoxinsanddustfromtheair.____48____2050,3Dprinterswillhavebecomeastandardappliance,bothinthehomeandatschool.As____49____learningaid,theywillhavebecomeessential,allowingteachersmoreflexi-blytoexplaindifficultconcepts.Studentswillbeableto____50____(physical)operateobjectsforbetterinformationprocess-ing,visualperception,andcognitive(认知的)learning.（2023春·河北张家口·高二张北县第一中学校联考期中）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Paper-makingisoneofthemostsignificant___51___(invent)inhumanhistory,anditwasfirstdevelopedinancientChinaover2,000yearsago.Thisremarkableachievementtransformedthewaypeoplecommunicatedandrecordedinformation,___52___(pave)thewayforthebirthofmoderncivilization.Intheearlydaysofpaper-making,variousmaterials___53___(use)tocreatepaper,includingtreebark,hemp,andsilk.However,bythe2ndcenturyBC,amoreefficientmethodhadbeendevelopedusingmulberrybark(桑树皮)andotherplantfibers.Aswordofpaper-makingspreadacrossChina,itquicklybecameanessentialpartofeverydaylife.Peopleusedpaperforeverything___54___writinglettersandkeepingrecordstocreatingartworkandprintingbooks.Bythe7thcenturyAD,theChinesehadeveninventedtheworld’sfirstmovabletypeprintingpress,___55___enabledthemtoproducebooksandotherprintedmaterialsonamassivescale.Thankstopaper-making,knowledgeandideascouldbesharedandpreservedlikeneverbefore.Thishelpedtospuradvancesinscience,medicine,art,andliterature,andlaidthefoundationformanyoftheculturaland___56___(technology)achievementsthatwetakeforgrantedtoday.Despite___57___(it)importance,paper-makingisoftenoverlookedindiscussionsofChina’sculturalheritage.However,effortsarebeingmade___58___(preserve)thisancientcraft,andthere___59___(be)arenewedinterestintraditionalChinesepaper-makingtechniquesinrecentyears.Today,visitorstoChinacanseepaper-makersatworkinsmallworkshopsandfactoriesthroughoutthecountry.Theycanalsovisitmuseumsandhistoricalsitesthatshowcase____60____creativityofChina’sancientpaper-makers.（2023·高二江苏期中）语法填空。InNorthwestChina’sGansuProvince____61____(lie)ZhangyeNationalGeopark,whichisblessedwithasplendidDanxialandformarea____62____(cover)about1,289squarekilometers.TheDanxialandformsare____63____masterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalettefromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacrossthemountain,forming____64____isknownasthemostbeautifulrainbowmountain.Theincrediblelandscapes____65____(create)bysandstoneandmineralspilingontopofoneanotherovertheyearsduetotectonicplatemovements.Wind,rain,andtimethencarvedtherockformationsandrollinghillsinto____66____(vary)extraordinaryshapes,includingtowers,pillarsandvalleys.____67____(declare)aUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein2010andanationalgeoparkin2011,thelandformhasbecomeatoptourist____68____(attract).Theparkfeaturesaseriesofboardwalksthatallowvisitorstowalkaroundthecolorfulsandstonelandscapes.Thereareviewingplatforms____69____(special)designed,enablingtouriststogetclosetothehillsandfeasttheireyesonthemagnificentsightswithoutdamagingthefragileecosystem.Shuttlebusserviceisavailable,making_____70_____easyfortouriststogetaroundthepark.（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾县第一中学校考阶段练习）ShanghaiDisneyland,Beijing’sUniversalthemepark,Zhejiang’sHelloKittythemepark,DalianDiscoverylandThemePark—thelistgrows____71____(quick).ThemeparksarebecomingbigbusinessinChina.ChinaWandaGrouphasbuilt____72____(it)11th“CulturalTourismCity”inGuilin,Guangxi.CarnivalGroupisplanning____73____(build)tenmorethemeparksinChinaby2020.AndDalianHaichangGroupalsowantstoopenfourthemeparksinthe____74____(follow)fiveyears.Chinanowhas300themeparksorsonationwide.However,modementertainment____75____(center)forfamilyvisitsarestillinshortsupplyinmanycities,so____76____numberoflargethemeparksinChinawillstillbe____77____theincrease.US-basedcompanyAECOMbelievesChinawillreplaceAmericatobecomethelargestthemeparkmarketby2020,having221millionvisitseveryyear,____78____(two)asmanyasthosein2015.Buttheindustryisnotuniversallygood.70percentofthemeparksinChina____79____(suffer)economiclossesatthemomentand20percenthavenearlygonebroke,accordingtoasurvey_____80_____(make)byQianzhanIndustryResearchInstitute.（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房县第一中学校联考阶段练习）InSarekNationalPark,Iwokeuptothesoundofthewind____81____(buffet)theclothofmytent.Standingontheedgeofthemountain,Ifoundafew____82____(branch)oftheRapaRiverflowingthroughthevalleybelow.Sarek’smountainsused____83____(cover)byvastsheetsofice.Around9,000yearsago,thisice____84____(melt),withabout100glaciers____85____(leave)behind.Soonafter,reindeerbegantoarrive.Followingthereindeer____86____(be)theSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.In1909,thegovernmentmadeSarekanationalparktokeepthelandinitsnaturalstate.Forhundredsofyears,lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.Withreindeer____87____themove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandaccompanythem.Today,mostSamihavehousesinvillagesnearSarekandlive____88____modernlife.Buteveryspring,someSamistillfollowtheirreindeerintothevalleysofSarek,____89____theyliveintentsandenjoytheirtraditions.IamnotaSami,butinSarekI’veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.Forexample,thismorningmybreakfastisflatbreadwarmedoverafireandsome_____90_____(extreme)deliciousberriesthatIfoundgrowingnearmytent.（2022秋·广西桂林·高二校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Youprobablyhaveeverbeenwarnedagainstusingcertainhandgestureswhen____91____(travel)abroad.Themeaningsofhandgesturesdifferso____92____(great)indifferentcountries.Butdoyouknowtherelationshipbetweenbodylanguage____93____groups?MarkMoffett,authorofTheHumanSuarm,describesourneedtobelongtoacertaingroup.Weare____94____(safe)inagroupthaninoneperson.Wetrustthem,theyprotectus,andtheyshare____95____samevaluesandbeliefsasus.Wewillevengotowartofightforourgroup.Humansattractthosepeople____96____aremembersoftheirowngroup.Thisisbecauseweliketobeabletopredictthe____97____(action)ofothersandbelongingtoagroupenablesthis.Outsiderstoourgroup____98____(be)foreignandunknown.Therefore,theymaybe____99____(danger),unpredictableorthreatening.Soitisimportanttorecognizetheseoutsiderstoourgroup.Therearemanythingshelpingusidentifythesestrangersoroutsiders—theclothestheywearandthewaytheyspeak.Now,expertsknowthattheirbodylanguageisalsoanindicator.Inourancestors’times,knowing_____100_____someoneisafriendorfoe(对手)couldmeanthedifferencebetweentotalannihilation(灭绝)oftheirfamilyorthesurvivaloftheirgenes.（2023春·新疆阿克苏·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Indailylife,bodylanguageplaysanimportantpartin____101____(communicate).Bywatchingbodylanguage,wecanlearnalotabout____102____peoplearethinking.Justlikethewordsweuse,bodylanguagealsovariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisthatbodylanguageshouldbe____103____(appropriate)used.Forexample,makingeyecontactinsomecountriesisaway____104____(display)interest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,notalleyecontact____105____(approve)of.Therearealsosome____106____(different)inhowwetouchsomeonewearetalkingto.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendson____107____cheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somebodylanguage____108____(have)manydifferentuses.Perhapsthecommonexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituations.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologize,togreetsomeone,ortoaskforhelp.Expertssuggest____109____(smile)atyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappier.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetter_____110_____seeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.（2022秋·广东揭阳·高二惠来县第一中学校考期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。While____111____(travel)inSweden,Icameacrossanincident,whichmademe____112____(embarrass).Oneday,IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawanadorablebabywhowassmilingatme,soItalkedtothemotherandkissedthebabyonthecheek.Tomysurprise,themotherstaredatmeforawhileandthenleft____113____(angry).WhenIreturnedtothehotel,Isetout____114____(learn)somethingaboutbodylanguage.Muchevidencerevealsthatifyouknowlittleaboutbodylanguage,youareunlikelytoenjoythe____115____(interact)withpeoplefromanothercountry.____116____weallknow,bodylanguage____117____(vary)fromculturetoculture.Youmustbewellawareofwhether____118____isappropriateforyoutodosomethingonsome____119____(occasion).Inaddition,you’dbetterpayattentiontohowanotherpersonreactstoyourwordsorbodylanguage,sothatyoucanadjustyourself_____120_____theculturethere.（2023春·福建三明·高二统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。SunZhenchu,an86-year-oldmanin2022,whogothisdriver’slicenseinaboutayear,hassurprisedandinspirednetizensinChinanotonlybecauseofhisage.ThemotivationbehindSunZhenchu’s____121____(take)thedrivingtestsistocareforhiswife.Sun’swifedidn’tgooutmuchafter____122____operation.Afterthepolicythatpeopleover70canapply____123____adriver’slicensewasissued,Sun____124____(immediate)becameanelderlytraineeatalocaldrivertrainingschoolinZhejiangProvinceandmanaged____125____(pass)thefourexams,receivingperfectscoresontwoofthem.AftergettinghislicenseinMarch,Sunboughtanelectricvehicletotakehiswifeshoppingforgroceries,tothehospitalorsightseeingalongtheQiantangRiver.____126____astonishedpeoplemostwasSun’scareer—hewasaspecialistinnuclearweaponsandmadegreat____127____(contribute)tothenation.Aftergraduationin1964,Sun____128____(select)asoneoftheresearcherstoparticipateinChina’sfirstatomicbombtest.Afterthesuccessfultest,hewenttoBeijing,____129____hecontinuedtoconductresearchandtestingfornuclearweaponsfor32years.Heretiredin1995,buthedidnotstoplearningnewthings.InaspeechhedeliveredatZhejiangGongshangUniversityinlateJune,heencouragedgraduatestokeeplearningtostandoutina_____130_____(compete)andchallengingsociety.（2023秋·云南玉溪·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。YuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehe____131____(continual)workedthelandinhisresearch.After____132____(graduate)fromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqingin1953,heworked____133____aresearcher.Yuanmetachallengingquestionthatfarmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad,buthewasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthe____134____(create)ofhybridrice.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercamemanytechnical____135____(difficult)todevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,it____136____(estimate)thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumpti