2024高考英语一轮统考复习第二编语法突破专题8介词和介词短语学案含解析外研版

PAGE专题八介词和介词短语1.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，63)Modernmethods________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s.答案：of/foramethodof/fordoingsth.“做某事的方法”。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，63)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack________dogs,seventobeexact.答案：ofapackof是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。3．(2024·浙江高考，61)Theanswer________thisquestionisnotclear.答案：totheanswerto...“……的答案”。4．(2024·北京高考，14)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.答案：formakeanappointmentfor“……时间的预约”。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand________work.答案：fromtoandfromwork“上下班”。6．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree________engineeringorarchitecture.答案：ingetadegreein...“获得……学位”。7．(2024·天津高考，12)WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe________treesthatareover1,000yearsold.答案：among句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于千年以上树龄的树木之间。among“在……之间，在……中”，由前文中的drivethroughtheRedwoodForests可知among符合句意。8．(2024·北京高考，35)Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving________fishingindustry.答案：in句意：很多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于……”。makealivinginfishingindustry“靠渔业谋生”。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，67)Iwassearching________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.答案：forsearchfor“找寻……”。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.__________________________________________________________________答案：for→withplaywithsb.“与某人一起玩”。常用介词的意义介词基本词义例子with用(用于有形的工具或身体某些器官，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰)；附带有；和；随着……withthismethodwithapencilwithmyowneyeswiththedevelopmentofamanwithastrongwillaladywithabookinherhandIhaveanappointmentwithDrBlack,butIneedtochangeit.on在……上(表面接触)；一……就……；关于；是……的一员；在详细的某一天ontheplaygroundonhisarrivalabookonhistorybeonaresearchteamonacoldeveningat在(地点、时间、空间、节日)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝at4o'clockintheafternoonatnightataspeedof120kmphattheSpringFestivalshoutatagainst违反；反对；对……不利；倚靠；衬托againstherwillagainstthewallaraceagainsttime①Thewhitebuildinglooksbeautifulagainstthebluesky.②Iwon'thaveyousayanythingagainstmyteacher.beyond超出……的范围，为……所不及beyondone'scontrolbeyondsb.beyonddescriptionbeyondimaginationbeyondone'sreach续表介词基本词义例子within在……之内；在……里面①Adjustthedriver'sseatsothatallthecontrolsarewithinreach.②Weshouldhavethetestresultswithin24hours.over在上方，在……上；从上方越过；超过；在……期间；复原过来；赛过overacupofcoffeeoverChristmasovertimehaveadvantagesover...①Doyoumindtalkingaboutyourplanoverlunch?②Shehadgreatpersonalinfluenceandpoweroverherfollowers.③Idon'twanttotalkaboutthisoverthetelephone.across从表面穿过；横穿(公路等)acrosstheriveracrossthestreet①Theshirtistootightacrosstheshoulder.②Abigsmilespreadacrossherface.through从内部穿过；经验过walkthroughthedoorthroughthisactivitydespite尽管①Hervoicewasshakingdespiteallhereffortstocontrolit.②Shewasgoodatphysicsdespitethefactthatshefounditboring.by表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算，依据；经由；乘(交通工具)bythehourjudgingbyknowsb.bynamebybus①Wedefeatedthevisitingteamby3goals.②Hewentoutbythebackdoor.for给；对；为；为了得到；对……来说；达；向；对于；支持；表示①Ihaveapresentforyou.②Ipaid$3fortheticket.③Shelooksyoungforherage.④Isetoffforwork.⑤Thequestionsaretoodifficultfor10­year­olds.⑥Wehavestudiedtheargumentsforandagainstnuclearenergy.off远离；从……上移开；在……海岸；休息；减价①Keepoffthegrass!②Therearealotofislandsoffthecoast.③Youlooktired.Whydon'tyoutaketomorrowoff?④Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock10%off.without没有；在没有……的状况下Wecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskwithoutyourtimelyhelp.beside在……旁边Wendycameupandsatbesideme.in在……内；在(年、月、季节)；在……方面；(将来)过(多久)①Shelookedinherbag,butherkeyswerenotthere.②Thestreetisaboutamileinlength.③He'llbebackintenminutes.of……的；属于；……的一部分；关于……的thelastsceneofthemovieafriendofMark'sthebeautyofthesceneryShewasseenasawomanofgreatdetermination.to/towards朝向；对；达到；去做；对于①Shestoodupandwalkedto/towardsthewindow.②Muchtooursurprise,shepassedtheexamwithdistinction.from从；从……起先；离……；来自；依据toandfromschool①We'regoingtotellhimonhisbirthday—that'stwoweeksfromtoday.②FromwhatI'veread,thecompanyseemstobeindifficulties.along沿着Walkalongthestreet,andthenturnrightatthesecondcrossing.between在(两者)之间Alotofstudentsspendayearabroadinbetweenhighschoolanduniversity.among在(三者或以上)之间Theproblemiscausingwide­spreadconcernamongscientists.常见的复合介词复合介词基本词义例句accordingto依据，依据……Theydividedthemselvesintothreegroupsaccordingtoage.owingto因为……Owingtotheircarelessness,afirebrokeout.becauseof因为……Don'tbeangrybecauseofwhathesaid.Hemeantnoharm.thanksto多亏了……Thankstomyteacher'shelp,IgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest.asfor/to至于……Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.dueto由于……Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.apartfrom除……以外Apartfromthecost,thehatdoesn'tsuitme.exceptfor除了……(整体与部分的关系)Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.regardlessof不管……Regardlessofwhathappens,myclaimissafeandsecure.butfor要不是……Butforyourtextmessage,IwouldhaveleftmyIDathome.inspiteof尽管Inspiteofthefactthattheproductissafe,manypeoplestillrefusetobuyit.onaccountof因为Theirrecentprotestwascalledoffonaccountoftightenedsecurity.asaresultof由于Workersapproachingretirementshouldbesavingmore,notless,asaresultoflowrates.nextto仅次于；紧挨着Gettingthemtobuyintothesystemisnexttoimpossible.inadditionto除……以外Thankfully,inadditiontochangingmajors,studentscanchangeschools.farfrom远非……MybossaskedsomuchofmeandIbelievedthatmyjobwasfarfromhissatisfaction.aheadof在……前面Withhishelp,wefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.介词to的搭配1．与名词常见搭配thesolutiontotheproblem问题的解决方法thekeytothedoor门的钥匙theanswertothequestion问题的答案tothepoint切中要害，中肯toone'staste合某人胃口toone'ssurprise/joy/delight令某人惊讶/兴奋的是approachtosth.通往……的路，学习……的方法attitudeto/towards对待……的看法dancetomusic伴着音乐跳舞theentranceto……的入口have/gainaccessto有……的机会2．与动词常见搭配devote...to...把……用于……adjust...to...调整……以适应……adapt...to...使……适应……attach...to...把……附在……上objectto反对lookforwardto盼望payattentionto留意getdowntosth.起先做某事；起先仔细对待某事seeto照料，处理owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把……归功于/归因于makecontributionsto为……作出贡献be/getusedto习惯于prefer...to...宁愿……而不belongto属于leadto通向，导致putanendto结束beupto从事，干pointto指着stickto坚持holdonto抓住不放lookupto敬重，敬重comparedto与……相比beadmittedto被录用liveupto符合，达到，不辜负applyto利用，运用attendto处理，照看；关照appealto有吸引力；呼吁；上诉respondto应答3．与形容词常见搭配berelatedto与……有关besensitiveto对……敏感besimilarto与……相像belinkedto与……有关berelevantto与……相关beimportantto对……很重要bebeneficialto对……有益beequalto等于……befamiliarto对……来说是熟识的beblindto对……视而不见beaddictedto沉溺于……常用介词与形容词的搭配beconsciousof意识到befondof宠爱beawareof意识到；明白bestrictwithsb.insth.对某人某方面严格beworthyof值得；配得上bedifferentfrom与……不同beabsentfrom缺席bepresentat出席bepopularwith受到……的欢迎betiredof厌倦……bebusywith忙于……belostin迷失在……beanxiousabout为……担忧beburiedin聚精会神于beashamedof因……而惭愧beabsorbedin聚精会神于besuspiciousof怀疑……befamiliarwith熟识……介词in构成的常见短语incommonwith与……一样inthefaceof面对……intimefor正好……indangerof处于……危急中indefenceof为了爱护……inneed/wantof须要……inconsequenceof由于……infavourof赞成……inexchangefor交换……inmemoryof为了纪念……inhonourof向……致敬inpraiseof歌颂/赞扬……inchargeof负责……inthechargeof由……负责inpossessionof拥有……inthepossessionof由……拥有insearchof找寻……intouchwith和……保持联系inpreparationfor为……作打算inplaceof代替，而不是inthehopeof希望……inthecourseof在……的过程中inthehabitof有……的习惯infrontof在……的前面inthefrontof在……的前部intheformof以……的形式inthenameof以……名义inrelationto与……相关inregardto关于/至于……inreturnfor作为……的回报intermsof就……而言inharmonywith与……协调其他介词短语短语词义例句forlackof因为缺乏Moreandmorehigh­risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.onconditionthat假如，条件是(＋句子)IwilllendyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitonMonday.withregardto关于，至于WithregardtothepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend.onbehalfof代表Onbehalfofeveryonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.bymeansof凭借……Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.incaseof万一……Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·贵州省安顺市高三联考)Ipulledupnext________him,gotoutofthecar,andgavehimallmyeggmoney.答案：to句意：我在他旁边停了下来，从车里出来，把全部卖鸡蛋赚到的钱给了他。依据句意，可知此处为固定搭配，nextto意为“在……旁边”。故填to。2．(2024·山东省德州市高三月考)Theideaofcreatinganationalparkwasfirstdiscussedinthe1940s,butpeoplecouldn'tagree________whatsizetomakethepark.答案：onagreeon是固定搭配，意为“就……达成一样”。3．HewenttoShanghai________animportantmeeting.答案：for句意：他去上海参与一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。4．Inaddition________theinjuriesinthefaceandhands,hebrokebothlegswhileplayingthefinalgame.答案：to句意：决赛时除了脸部和手部受伤外，他还摔断了双腿。inadditionto＝besides“除……之外(还)”。5．(2024·广东省佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Bulliedkidsfaceahighrisk________mentalhealthproblems.答案：of句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。ariskof“……的风险”。6．Shecontributedmorethananyotherscientist________solvingthestructureofDNA.答案：to句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute...tosth./doingsth.“为(做)某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。7．Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68________average.答案：above句意：去年是有记录以来最温煦的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。依据语境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均气温高0.68度。aboveaverage意为“高于平均值”。8．InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.答案：with句意：在印度，大多数人历来采纳手抓的方式吃饭。with＋人体部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。9．Thismeetingroomisanon­smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou________advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案：in句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你假如你吸烟会被罚款的。inadvance“预先；提前”，固定搭配。10．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________ani