《钢结构安装》课件-3.5.1 单层钢结构施工安装质量的控制和要求

3.5.1单层钢结构施工安装质量控制和要求

Single-layersteelstructureconstructioninstallationquality

controlandrequirements12基础和支承面的要求Requirementsforfoundationsandsupportingsurfaces单层钢结构安装质量控制和要求Single-layersteelstructureinstallationqualitycontrolandrequirements一基础和支承面的要求

FirstRequirementsforfoundationsandsupportingsurfaces1.钢结构安装前，依次进行复测轴线及标高1.Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,retesttheaxisandelevationinturn（1）轴线复测宜根据建筑物不同的平面采取以下不同的方法:(1)Theaxisretestshouldadoptthefollowingdifferentmethodsaccordingtothedifferentplanesofthebuilding:

任意形状建筑物的验线宜选用极坐标法Thepolarcoordinatemethodshouldbeusedforlineinspectionofbuildingsofanyshape平面控制点与欲测点距离较长，量距困难或不便量距时，且选用角度(方向)交会法Whenthedistancebetweentheplanecontrolpointandthepointtobemeasuredislong,andthedistanceisdifficultorinconvenienttomeasure,theangle(direction)intersectionmethodisselected使用光电测距仪验线时，宜选用极坐标法Whenusingaphotoelectricrangefindertochecktheline,thepolarcoordinatemethodshouldbeused平面控制点与欲测点距离不超过所用钢直尺全长，且场地量距条件较好时，宜选用距离交会法Whenthedistancebetweentheplanecontrolpointandthepointtobemeasureddoesnotexceedthefulllengthofthesteelrulerused,andthesitemeasurementdistanceconditionsaregood,thedistanceintersectionmethodshouldbeselected矩形建筑物的验线宜选用直角坐标法Cartesiancoordinatemethodshouldbeusedforlineinspectionofrectangularbuildings（2）验线时应依据以下条件:(2)Thelineinspectionshouldbebasedonthefollowingconditions:建筑物平面控制图、主轴线及其控制桩。Buildingplancontrolplan,majoraxisanditscontrolpiles.1建筑物高程控制网及±0.000高程线。Buildingelevationcontrolnetworkand±0.000elevationline.2控制网及定位放线中的最弱部位。Controltheweakestpartofthenetworkandpositioningpayoff.3一基础和支承面的要求

FirstRequirementsforfoundationsandsupportingsurfaces2.钢结构安装前进行基础检测和办理交接验收。2.Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,thefoundationinspectionandhandoveracceptancearecarriedout.（1）当基础工程分批进行交接时，每次交接验收不应少于一个安装单元的柱基基础，并应符合下列规定:(1)Whenthefoundationworksarehandedoverinbatches,eachhandoveracceptanceshouldnotbelessthanthecolumnfoundationofoneinstallationunit,andshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:基础的轴线标志和标高基准点准确、齐全。Thebasicaxismarkingsandelevationdatumpointsareaccurateandcomplete.基础周围回填夯实完毕Thebackfillaroundthefoundationiscomplete基础混凝土强度达到设计要求Thestrengthofthefoundationconcretemeetsthedesignrequirements一基础和支承面的要求

FirstRequirementsforfoundationsandsupportingsurfaces2.钢结构安装前进行基础检测和办理交接验收。2.Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,thefoundationinspectionandhandoveracceptancearecarriedout.（2）钢柱脚采用钢垫板作支承时，应符合下列规定:(2)Whenthesteelcolumnfootissupportedbyasteelcushionplate,thefollowingprovisionsshouldbemet:采用坐浆垫板时，应采用无收缩砂浆。柱子吊装前，砂桨试块应高于基础混凝土强度一个等级。Whenusingaseatpad,anon-shrinkagemortarshouldbeused.Beforethecolumnishoisted,thesandpaddletestblockshouldbeonegradehigherthanthestrengthofthefoundationconcrete.为防止锚栓水平方向上错位，可将柱脚底板孔适当加大进行小调整。Inordertopreventthehorizontalmisalignmentoftheanchor,theholeofthebottomplateofthecolumnfootcanbeappropriatelyenlargedforsmalladjustment.钢垫板面积应根据基础混凝土的抗压强度、柱脚底板下细石混凝土二次浇灌前柱底承受的荷载和地脚螺栓〔锚栓)的紧固拉力计算确定。Theareaofthesteelpadshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothecompressivestrengthofthefoundationconcrete,theloadbornebythecolumnbottombeforethesecondarypouringoffinestoneconcreteunderthecolumnfootslab,andthefasteningtensionoftheanchorbolts(anchors).一基础和支承面的要求

FirstRequirementsforfoundationsandsupportingsurfaces二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure1.钢屋架的安装1.Installationofsteelrooftruss钢屋架的现场拼装应符合如下规定:Theon-siteassemblyofsteelrooftrussesshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:对于刚性较小的屋架，每焊完一面要进行加固，构件翻身后继续找平，复核尺寸焊接。Forrooftrusseswithlessrigidity,eachsideshouldbereinforced,andthecomponentsshouldcontinuetolevelafterturningover,andthesizeweldingshouldbereviewed.先检查拼装节点处的角钢或钢管外形尺寸，有变形，矫正达到标准后再拼装。Firstchecktheexternaldimensionsoftheanglesteelorsteelpipeattheassemblynode,thereisdeformation,andthenassembleafterthecorrectionreachesthestandard.碳素结构钢和低合金高强度结构钢允许加热矫正，其加热温度严禁超过正火温度。Carbonstructuralsteelandlow-alloyhigh-strengthstructuralsteelallowheatingcorrection,andtheirheatingtemperatureisstrictlyforbiddentoexceedthenormalizingtemperature.钢构件应按照规定进行进场检验。Steelcomponentsshouldbeinspectedinaccordancewithregulations.规定内容Prescribedcontent二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure1.钢屋架的安装1.Installationofsteelrooftruss钢屋架的现场拼装应符合如下规定:Theon-siteassemblyofsteelrooftrussesshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:规定内容Prescribedcontent现场拼装的地基应坚实，做相应的拼装台并找平，必要时加约束处理。Thefoundationoftheon-siteassemblyshouldbesolid,makethecorrespondingassemblytableandlevel,andaddconstraintsifnecessary.将两半榀屋架放在拼装台上，每榀至少有4个或6个点进行找平，拉通线尺寸无误，进行点焊。Placethetwohalvesoftherooftrussontheassemblytable,atleast4or6pointsperhalvesforleveling,pullthroughthelinesizeiscorrect,andspotweld屋架上下弦杆扭曲或折线变形，矫正方法有机械矫正法、火焰矫正法等几种方法。Theupperandlowerchordsoftherooftrussaretwistedorthebrokenlineisdeformed,andthecorrectionmethodsincludemechanicalcorrectionmethod,flamecorrectionmethodandothermethods.屋架起拱和垂直度应符合有关规范和设计要求Roofarchingandverticalityshouldmeetrelevantspecificationsanddesignrequirements二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation

门式刚架可由多个梁、柱单元构件组成。柱一般为单独的单元构件，斜梁可根据运输条件划分为若干个单元。单元体本身采用焊接，单元构件之间可通过端板以高强度螺栓连接。Theportalrigidframecanbecomposedofmultiplebeamandcolumnelementmembers.Columnsaregenerallyseparateunitmembers,andinclinedbeamscanbedividedintoseveralunitsaccordingtotransportationconditions.Theunitbodyitselfiswelded,andtheunitmemberscanbeconnectedbyhigh-strengthboltsthroughendplates.门式刚架分单跨、双跨、多跨等形式。多跨刚架中间柱与斜梁的连接可采用铰接。Theportalrigidframeisdividedintosingle-span,double-span,multi-spanandotherforms.Theconnectionbetweenthemiddlecolumnofthemulti-spanrigidframeandtheinclinedbeamcanbehinged.变截面或等截面实腹焊接工字型钢VariablesectionorequalsectionsolidbellyweldedI-beam轧制H型截面RolledH-section2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation屋盖Roofcover主刚架Mainrigidframe外墙Facades压型钢板屋面板和冷弯薄壁型钢檩条Profiledsteelroofpanelsandcold-formedthin-walledsteelpurlins变截面实腹刚架Variablesectionsolidbellyrigidframe压型钢板墙面板和冷弯薄壁型钢墙梁Profiledsteelwallpanelsandcold-formedthin-walledsteelwallbeams

刚架斜梁下翼缘和刚架柱内翼缘出平面的稳定性，由与檩条或墙梁相连接的隅撑来保证。主刚架间的交叉支撑可采用张紧的圆钢。Thestabilityofthelowerflangeoftherigidframediagonalbeamandtheinnerflangeoftherigidframecolumnisensuredbythecornerbraceconnectedtothepurlinorwallbeam.Thecrosssupportbetweenthemainrigidframescanbemadeoftensionedroundbars.轻型结构体系组成Lightweightstructuralsystemcomposition二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation门式刚架的安装应符合下列规定:Theinstallationoftheportalrigidframeshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:门式刚架轻型结构的安装，应根据安装施工组织设计进行。Theinstallationoftheportalrigidframelightstructureshouldbecarriedoutaccordingtotheinstallationconstructionorganizationdesign.安装程序必须保证结构能形成稳定的空间体系，并不导致永久变形。Theinstallationprogrammustensurethatthestructureformsastablespacesystemanddoesnotcausepermanentdeformation.刚架柱脚的锚栓应采用可靠的方法定位，除测量直角边长外，尚应测量对角线长度。Theanchorboltoftherigidcolumnfootshouldbepositionedbyareliablemethod,andthediagonallengthshouldbemeasuredinadditiontomeasuringtherightanglesidelength.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation门式刚架的安装应符合下列规定:Theinstallationoftheportalrigidframeshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:应根据场地和起重设备条件，最大限度地将拼装工作在地面完成。Theassemblyworkshouldbecompletedonthegroundtothemaximumextentaccordingtothesiteandliftingequipmentconditions.安装顺序宜先从靠近山墙的有柱间支撑的两榀刚架开始。然后，以这两榀刚架为起点，向另一端按顺序安装。除最初安装的两榀刚架外，其余刚架间檩条、墙梁和檐檩等的螺栓均应在校准后拧紧。Theinstallationsequenceshouldstartwithtworigidframessupportedbetweencolumnsnearthegable.Then,startingwiththesetworigidframes,installthemsequentiallytotheotherend.Inadditiontothetworigidframesoriginallyinstalled,theboltsofpurlins,wallbeamsandeavespurlinsbetweentheremainingrigidframesshouldbetightenedaftercalibration.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation门式刚架的安装应符合下列规定:Theinstallationoftheportalrigidframeshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:刚架安装宜先立柱子，然后将在地面组装好的斜梁吊起就位，并与柱连接。Therigidframeinstallationshouldfirststandthecolumn,andthentheinclinedbeamassembledonthegroundshouldbehoistedintoplaceandconnectedwiththecolumn.构件悬吊应选择合理的吊点，大跨度构件的吊点须经计算确定。对于侧向刚度小、腹板宽厚比大的构件，应采取防止构件扭曲和损坏的措施。Thecomponentsuspensionshouldselectareasonableliftingpoint,andtheliftingpointofthelarge-spanmembermustbedeterminedbycalculation.Formemberswithsmalllateralstiffnessandlargewebwidth-to-thicknessratio,measuresshouldbetakentopreventdistortionanddamageofthecomponents.当山墙墙架宽度较小时，可先在地面装好，再整体起吊安装。Whenthewidthofthegablewallframeissmall,itcanbeinstalledonthegroundfirst,andthenhoistedandinstalledasawhole.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure2.门式刚架结构安装2.Portalrigidframestructureinstallation门式刚架的安装应符合下列规定:Theinstallationoftheportalrigidframeshouldcomplywiththefollowingregulations:各种支撑的拧紧程度，以不将构件拉弯为原则。Thetighteningdegreeofvarioussupportsisbasedontheprincipleofnotstretchingandbendingthecomponents.不得利用已安装就位的构件起吊其他重物。不得在主要受力部位焊接其他物件。Donotusecomponentsthathavebeeninstalledinplacetoliftotherheavyobjects.Donotweldotherobjectsinthemainstressedparts.檩条和墙梁安装时，应及时设置拉条并拉紧，但不应将檩条和墙梁拉弯。Wheninstallingpurlinsandwallbeams,pullstripsshouldbesetupintimeandtightened,butpurlinsandwallbeamsshouldnotbebent.刚架在施工中应及时安装支撑，必要时增设缆风绳以充分固定。Therigidframeshouldbeinstalledandsupportedintimeduringconstruction,andifnecessary,cablewindropesshouldbeaddedtofullyfix.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure3.单层钢结构安装3.Single-layersteelstructureinstallation单层钢结构安装规定：Single-layersteelstructureinstallationregulations:(1)钢结构安装前，应对钢构件的质量进行检查。(1)Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,thequalityofthesteelcomponentsshouldbeinspected.(2)钢结构安装的测量和校正，应根据工程特点编制相应的工艺。(2)Themeasurementandcorrectionofsteelstructureinstallationshouldbepreparedaccordingtothecharacteristicsoftheproject.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure3.单层钢结构安装3.Single-layersteelstructureinstallation(3)钢结构采用大拼装单元进行安装时，对容易变形的钢构件应进行强度和稳定性验算，必要时应采取加固措施。(3)Whenthesteelstructureisinstalledwithalargeassemblyunit,thestrengthandstabilityofthesteelcomponentsthatareeasytodeformshouldbechecked,andreinforcementmeasuresshouldbetakenifnecessary.(4)钢结构采用综合安装时，应划分成若干独立单元。(4)Whenthesteelstructureadoptscomprehensiveinstallation,itshouldbedividedintoseveralindependentunits.

(5)大型构件或组成块体的网架结构，采用单机或多机抬吊安装及高空滑移安装时，吊点必须经计算确定。(5)Whenthegridstructureoflargecomponentsorblocksisinstalledbysingleormulti-machineliftingandhigh-altitudeslidinginstallation,theliftingpointmustbedeterminedbycalculation.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure3.单层钢结构安装3.Single-layersteelstructureinstallation(6)钢结构的柱、梁、屋架、支撑等主要构件安装就位后，应立即进行校正、固定。当天安装的钢构件应形成稳定的空间体系。(6)Afterthemaincomponentsofthesteelstructure,suchascolumns,beams,rooftrusses,andsupports,areinstalledinplace,theyshouldbecorrectedandfixedimmediately.Thesteelcomponentsinstalledonthedayshouldformastablespacesystem.(7)钢结构安装、校正时，应根据风力、温差、日照等外界环境和焊接变形等因素的影响，采取相应的调整措施。(7)Wheninstallingandcorrectingthesteelstructure,correspondingadjustmentmeasuresshouldbetakenaccordingtotheinfluenceofexternalenvironmentsuchaswind,temperaturedifference,sunshineandweldingdeformation.(8)利用安装好的钢结构吊装其他构件和设备时，应征得设计单位同意，并应进行验算，采取相应措施。(8)Whenusingtheinstalledsteelstructuretoliftothercomponentsandequipment,theconsentofthedesignunitshouldbeobtained,andthecalculationshouldbecarriedoutandcorrespondingmeasuresshouldbetaken.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure3.单层钢结构安装3.Single-layersteelstructureinstallation(9)设计要求顶紧的节点，接触面应有70%的面紧贴。用0.3mm厚塞尺检查，可插入的面积之和不得大于接触顶紧总面积的30%；边缘最大间隙不应大于0.8mm。(9)Thedesignrequiresthetoptighteningnode,and70%ofthecontactsurfaceshouldbecloselyfollowed.Checkwitha0.3mmthickfeelergauge,thesumoftheinsertableareasshallnotbegreaterthan30%ofthetotalareaofcontacttoptightening;Themaximumedgegapshouldnotbegreaterthan0.8mm.(10)钢柱校正和起重机梁安装校正应符合相关规定。(10)Thecorrectionofsteelcolumnsandtheinstallationcorrectionofcranebeamsshouldcomplywithrelevantregulations.二单层钢结构

SecondSingle-layersteelstructure3.单层钢结构安装3.Single-layersteelstructureinstallation钢柱校正应符合下列规定：Thecorrectionofsteelcolumnsshallcomplywiththefollowingregulations:柱基标高调整。根据钢柱实长、柱底平整度、钢牛腿顶部与柱底的距离来确定基础标高的调整数值，重点要保证钢牛腿顶部标高值。Columnbaseleveladjustment.Accordingtotheactuallengthofthesteelcolumn,theflatnessofthecolumnbottom,andthedistancebetweenthetopofthesteelcorbelandthebottomofthecolumntodeter