04-选择性必修第二册Unit-1综合检测(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修第二册Unit1综合能力检测第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)（略）第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASomeofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Severaloftheircontributionsthroughouthistoryareevenmorethanmen’scontributions.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowisorganizedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.MarieCurie(1867-1934)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.JaneGoodall(1934)FamousFor:Primate(灵长类)studiesJaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909-2012)FamousFor:NervegrowthstudiesRitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist(神经病学家)whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor(NGF).ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.LiseMeitner(1878-1968)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityandnuclearphysicsLiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission(裂变).Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNobelPrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn’tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.21.Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A.MarieCurie. B.JaneGoodall.C.RitaLevi-Montalcini. D.LiseMeitner.22.WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalcinireseachon?A.Nervegrowth. B.Thewildlife.C.Nuclearexplosion. D.Radioactivity.23.WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?A.ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.B.Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.C.Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.D.Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.BInthe1880s,longbeforeshebecameherera’sgreatestfemaleexplorer,eight-year-oldHarrietChalmerstraveledthroughtheSierraNevadaonhorsebackwithherfather.Whenshewas24,ChalmersmarriedFranklinPierceAdams,andtheysetoffforLatinAmerica,wheretheycovered40,000milesonahorse,byboatandonfoot.Whentheyreturnednearlythreeyearslater,shegavealectureatNationalGeographicandstarteda30-yearcareerasacontributor.AdamsmadeithermissiontovisiteverycountrythatwasorhadbeenaSpanishcolony,andrevisitedtheplaceswhereChristopherColumbushadstayedfromEuropetotheAmericas.ShetraveledaroundAsiaandattendedHaileSelassie’sCoronation(加冕礼)astheemperorofEthiopia.DuringWorldWarⅠ,shewasthefirstfemalejournalistallowedtophotographtheFrenchtrenches(战壕),whereshestayedformonths.Shewrote21articlesdetailingherexperiencesforNationalGeographic,morethananyotherwomanpublishedinthemagazine’sfirsthalfcentury.Inthosepieces,shecriticizedtheinjusticesthatshehadobserved.“WhereweretheblessingstheEuropeansclaimedtheybroughttomillionsofLatinAmericans?Icouldhardlyfindthem,”shewroteafteravisittoPeru.“WhathavetheynotsufferedunderthecontroloftheEuropeans?”Adamshadnoprofessionaltrainingasageographerandhadneverbeentocollege,buthercolorphotoslidesandadventuroustravelstylewonherinvitationstospeakaroundtheworld,oftenfromtheorganizationsthathadneverinvitedawomanbefore.ShewasthethirdAmericanwomanaskedtojointheRoyalGeographicalSocietyinEngland.However,theNewYork-basedExplorersClubgaveherandotheroutstandingfemaleadventurersthecoldshoulder.“Menhavealwaysbeensoafraidthatsomemerewomanmightgetintotheirdiscussionthattheydon’tevenpermitwomenintheirclubhouses,”Adamsoncesaid,“Letaloneallowthemtoattendanymeetingsfordiscussionsthatmightbesignificantlyhelpful.”Severalfemaleexplorersdecidedtoformtheirownclub.In1925,theSocietyofWomanGeographersstartedwithAdamsaspresident,andsheserveduntilmovingtoFrancein1933,whereshediedfouryearslaterat61.24.WhatdidAdamsdoduringthefirstthreeyearsofhermarriage?A.ShetraveledthroughtheSierraNevada.B.SheexploredLatinAmericawithherhusband.C.ShecontributedregularlytoNationalGeographic.D.Shelearnedhorseridingunderherhusband’sguidance.25.WhatwasAdamsinvolvedinduringworldwarⅠ?A.Takingphotographsonthefrontline.B.TravelingaroundEuropeancountries.C.FightingtogetherwithFrenchsoldiers.D.DoingresearchonChristopherColumbus.26.WhatwasexpressedinAdams’wordsinPara.3?A.Relief. B.Curiosity.C.Tolerance. D.Disapproval.27.HowdidExplorersClubtreatAdams?A.Itpaidnoattentiontoher.B.Itrejectedherhelpcoldly.C.Itinvitedhertojoinintheirdiscussion.D.ItaskedhertojointheRoyalGeographicalSociety.CThreescientistswhoplayedcentralrolesinthediscoveryofthehepatitisCvirus(丙型肝炎病毒)havebeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2020.ThisprizewillbesharedbyMichaelHoughton,fromtheUnitedKingdom,andUnitedStatesscientistsHarveyJ.AlterandCharlesM.Rice,whoallmadenotablecontributionstowardthediscoveryoftheblood-bornvirusthatcauseschronic(慢性的)liverproblems.Alterdemonstratedinthe1970sthatsomepeoplewhoreceivedbloodtransfusions(输血)woulddevelopcasesofhepatitisthatwerenotcausedbythehepatitisAorBviruses,suggestingthatanotherinfectiousagentwastoblame.Inthe1980s,Houghtonmanagedtoisolate(分离)thegeneticsequenceofthevirus,whileRiceprovedthatthepathogen(病原体)couldreplicateandcauseinfection.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthataround71millionpeopleworldwidelivewithhepatitisC,whichcancausemajorlivercomplications(并发症)and,insomecases,death.TheNobelAssemblysaidthethreeresearchershadcontributedtoa“landmarkachievementintheongoingbattleagainstviraldiseases”.“ThediscoveryofhepatitisCvirusrevealedthecauseoftheremainingcasesofchronichepatitisandmadebloodtestsandnewmedicinesthathavesavedmillionsoflivespossible,”theassemblysaidinastatement.“Thankstotheirdiscovery,highlysensitivebloodtestsforthevirusarenowavailableandthesehaveessentiallyeliminatedpost-transfusionhepatitisinmanypartsoftheworld,greatlyimprovingglobalhealth.”TheassemblysaidthatthediscoveriesperformedbythenewlymintedNobelLaureatesalsoallowedfortherapiddevelopmentofantiviraldrugsdirectedathepatitisC.“Forthefirsttimeinhistory,thediseasecannowbecured,raisinghopesoferadicatinghepatitisCvirusfromtheworldpopulation”,thestatementsaid.TheawardforphysiologyandmedicineisthefirstoftheNobelPrizestobehandedoutthisyear,withprizesinphysics,chemistry,literature,peaceandeconomicstofollowduringthenextsevendays.28.Whatwastheimportantdiscoveryofthreescientists?A.ThehepatitisAvirusB.ThehepatitisBvirusC.ThehepatitisCvirus.D.Theriskofbloodtransfusions.29.Whosucceededinextractingthesequenceofthevirus?A.MichaelHoughtonB.HarveyJ.AlterC.CharlesM.RiceD.TheWorldHealthOrganization30.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Thesignificanceofthediscovery.B.Thecourseofthediscovery.C.Thedisadvantageofthediscovery.D.Theharmofthehepatitis.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Discovering. B.Knowing.C.Analysing. D.Gettingridof.DAnewproductfromMicrosoftCorporationcandothatforpeoplewhohavetroubleseeing.Theymaybeblindorvisuallyimpaired.Theproduct,anapp,iscurrentlyavailableforfreeforApple’siPhoneandiPad.TheappiscalledSeeingAI.“AI”isshortforartificialintelligence,atermforcomputerswithanabilitytothinkandlearnlikehumanbeings.SeeingAIusesbothacameraandartificialintelligencetoidentifyplaces,objectsandpeople.Theappthenannounceswhatthecameraseessouserswillknowwhatisinfrontofthem.PeoplecanalsouseSeeingAItolearnwordsinEnglish.Withtheappopen,youcanpointyouriPhoneoriPadatanyobjectanditwillsaywhattheobjectis.WithSeeingAI,userscanhearadescriptionofnotjustobjects,butalsopeople.Itcaneventellyouabouttheiremotions.Itwillnotjustsaythatsomeoneissmiling.Theappwillsaythatthepersonishappy.Orsurprised.Orangry.Peoplecanusetheappwhengoingtoastoreorsupermarket.Itcanreadproductbarcodessouserswillknowwhetheracanisfilledwithfruitordogfood.MicrosoftsaysSeeingAIwillsoonbeabletoidentifybanknotessopeopleknowwhethertheyareholdingabillthatisworth$100or$1.Atrestaurants,dinerscanusethenewapptohearalistofdrinksandothermenuthings.Itcanrecognizebothfoodchoicesandprices.Peoplecanusetheapptoreadsignsandgetdirections,althoughMicrosoftwarnsagainstusingitfornavigation(导航)purposes.OneofthemoreinterestingtoolsofSeeingAIisitsabilitytoreaddocuments.Theappcanreaddocumentsaloudandevenhelpauserpositionthemonthecenteroftheelectronicdevice.TheappiscurrentlyavailableinjusttheUS,Canada,India,HongKong,NewZealandandSingapore—however,Microsoftsaysthattheappwillbeavailableinothercountriesanddistrictssoon.32.WhoisSeeingAIintendedfor?A.Peopleworkingattherestaurant.B.Peoplehavingvisualdisabilities.C.Peoplebuyinggoodsinthesupermarket.D.Peoplehavingdifficultyinlearninglanguages.33.MicrosoftwarnsusersnottouseSeeingAIfor.

A.navigatingB.readingdocumentsC.describingapersonD.readingproductbarcodes34.WhatcanweinferaboutSeeingAI?A.ItwasdevelopedbyApple.B.Itcanbeusedoncomputers.C.Itishelpfultopeoplewhoisblind.D.Everyonecanuseitwithasmartphone.35.WhichoffollowingistrueaboutSeeingAI?A.Itwillhavemorenewfunctions.B.Ithasalreadyreplacedpeople’seyes.C.ItwillsoonbeavailableonAndroid.D.IthelpspeoplelearnEnglishandChinesewords.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromourselvesorsomeoneelse.Thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.36We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.37

Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.38

Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Werememberunkindwordssaidtousaswell.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:39Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.

Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.40Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.

A.Isitloving?B.HowshouldIsayit?C.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.D.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.E.Generallypeoplelikepositiveandpleasantwords.F.However,criticallanguagemaycauseangeranddefence.G.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Angelaneverlikedseeingplasticwastewashedupontheshorenearherhome.Shehadbeen41tocallonhercommunitytocleanitup,tochangethe42,soshetriedtosetupanorganizationcalledWashedAshore:ArttoSavetheSea.Her43provedquiteasuccess.

Here’showit44.Volunteershelpcleanup300milesofshoreline.Then,45onlyplasticfromthebeachcleanup,Angelaandmanyothervolunteerscreatesculpturesofsea46.Sheexplains,“Imeantocreatesculpturesthatmakepeopletakealookand47:‘Howcantherebethismuchwasteonthebeach?‘48thesesculptureswillmakepeopleconsiderwhattheyhave49intheirdailylifeandrealizehowsomuchplasticendsupintheoceans.”Sofar,about10,00050volunteershavecollected21tonsofwasteandhelpedcreatemorethan70worksofart.Fourtraveling51havedemonstratedtheartworksin18placesofthecountry.Oneofthesculptures,TurtleOcean,receiveda52honor.ItwasadmittedintotheNationalMuseum.

TheWashedAshoreteamisnowworkingonsculptureofadolphin,with53formoresculptures.“Untilwe54plasticonthebeach,theworkwillcontinue.Thesesculpturesarea(n)55forcleanoceans.”Angelasaysseriously.

41.A.offeringB.longingC.admitting D.hesitating42.A.landscape B.worldC.surface D.situation43.A.attempt B.choiceC.program D.instruction44.A.walks B.appliesC.functions D.prepares45.A.stopping B.presentingC.delivering D.employing46.A.waste B.floorC.waves D.creatures47.A.rethink B.remarkC.confirm D.announce48.A.Generally B.HopefullyC.Fortunately D.Surprisingly49.A.achieved B.observedC.purchased D.recommended50.A.devoted B.surprisedC.grateful D.adventurous51.A.guides B.managersC.advertisements D.exhibitions52.A.folk B.simpleC.special D.strange53.A.plans B.callsC.elements D.exchanges54.A.getdownto B.keepawayfromC.getridof D.endupwith55.A.answer B.appealC.warning D.response第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ZhongNanshan,56.oldman,isalsoanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofengineering,afamousrespiratoryexpert,andaleadingfigureinthe57.(prevent)andcontrolofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasesinChina.

Inthespringof2003,theSARSepidemicbroke58.inChinaandacrosstheglobe.ZhongNanshannotonlyled59.tookanactivepartinthebattleagainstSARS.Dangerousasitwas,ZhongNanshanworkedharddayandnight60.(treat)thepatients.Throughtheirhardworkforseveralmonths,ZhongNanshanandhisworkmatesachieveda61.(remark)result.SoontheSARSepidemicwasstoppedinitstrack.

17yearslater,whenthenovelcoronaviruspneumoniaappeared,hestillfoughtagainstthevirusinthefirstlineofthebattletofindthebestmedicine62.(overcome)thevirus.Withhim,thereisabeliefinvictory.Heistheseagodneedleinourheart!

ZhongNanshan63.(award)fortheMedaloftheRepublic,aworkingcommitteeforhonor-grantingsaidonMonday,whichhonoredanumberofexemplaryfiguresin2019fortheiroutstanding64.(contribution)tothePeople’sRepublic’sdevelopmentsince65.(it)foundingin1949.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华。元旦前夕,你班将举办一场迎新晚会,请你给外教MrWhite写一封信,邀请他参加。内容包括:1.时间;2.地点;3.活动。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。In1989an8.2earthquakealmostdestroyedAmerica,killingover30,000peopleinlessthanfourminutes.Inthemidstofutterdevastation(破坏)andchaos,afatherlefthiswifesafelyathomeandrushedtotheschoolwherehissonwassupposedtobe,onlytodiscoverthatthebuildingwasasflatasapancake.Aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock,herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson,“Nomatterwhat,I’llalwaysbethereforyou!”Andtearsbegantofillhiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool,helookedhopeless,buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson.Hebegantodirecthisattentiontowardswherehewalkedhissontoclassatschooleachmorning.Rememberinghisson’sclassroomwouldbeinthebackrightcornerofthebuilding,herushedthereandstarteddiggingthroughtheruins.Ashewasdigging,otherhelplessparentsarrived,heartbroken,saying,“Myson!”“Mydaughter!”Otherwell-meaningparentstriedtopullhimoffwhatwasleftoftheschool,saying,“It’stoolate!They’realldead!Youcan’thelp!Gohome!Comeon,facereality,there’snothingyoucando!”Toeachparentherespondedwithoneline,“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Andthenhecontinuedtodigforhisson,stonebystone.Thefirechiefshowedupandtriedtopullhimofftheschool’sruins,saying,“Firesarebreakingout,explosionsarehappeningeverywhere.You’reindanger.We’lltakecareofit.Gohome.”Towhichthisloving,caringAmericanfatherasked,“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Thepolicecameandsaid,“You’reangry,anxiousandit’sover.You’reendangeringothers.Gohome.We’llhandleit!”Towhichhereplied,“Areyougoingtohelpmenow?”Noonehelped.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Courageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknowforhimself:“Ismyboyaliveorishedead?”

“Thereare14ofusleftoutof33,Dad,”Armandreplied,

参考答案第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)（略）第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。21.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据每个人物后面的时间可知,JaneGoodall出生于1934,而后面没有给去世时间,说明还在世,还在为世界做贡献。故选B。22.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909-2012)部分中FamousFor:Nervegrowthstudies可知因为神经发育研究而出名。由此可知,RitaLevi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。23.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据LiseMeitner(1878-1968)部分中FamousFor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics可知因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知,LiseMeitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。B【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是女性探险家,《国家地理》撰稿人哈丽特·查默斯的人生经历和事业发展。24.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段后两句可知24岁时,查默斯嫁给了富兰克林·皮尔斯·亚当斯,他们出发前往拉丁美洲,在那里他们骑马、乘船、徒步旅行了4万英里。当他们近三年后回来时,她在《国家地理》杂志社做了一次演讲,并开始了30年的撰稿生涯。可知她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B项。25.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知在第一次世界大战期间,她是第一个被允许拍摄法国战壕的女记者,她在那里待了好几个月。可知她去到了前线拍照。故选A项。26.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知在这些作品中,她批评了她所观察到的不公正现象。“欧洲人声称给数百万拉丁美洲人带来的福祉在哪里?”我几乎找不到它们,”她在访问秘鲁后写道。“在欧洲人的控制下,他们还有什么没遭受过?”即她对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满,所以她的话语表明她反对的态度,故选D项。27.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知然而,总部位于纽约的探索者俱乐部却对她和其他杰出的女性冒险家非常冷漠。短语“thecoldshoulder”表示冷落,爱搭不理,A项“并未关注她”表达切题,故选A项。C【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖近日揭晓,获奖者是三位在发现丙型肝炎病毒的过程中做出重大贡献的科学家。28.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThreescientistswhoplayedcentralrolesinthediscoveryofthehepatitisCvirushavebeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2020”可知,故选C项。29.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inthe1980s,Houghtonmanagedtoisolatethegeneticsequenceofthevirus”可知Houghton成功地分离出了丙型肝炎病毒的基因序列,故选A项。30.【解析】选A。段落大意题。本段主要介绍了诺贝尔奖大会丙型肝炎病毒的发现的意义。丙型肝炎病毒的发现使研制新药成为可能,从而挽救了数百万人的性命,故选A项。31.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据丙肝可以被治疗,为在全人类中根除丙型肝炎病毒带来了希望。可推测画线单词意为“消除”,故选D项。D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微软公司的一款新的人工智能软件,可以在很多方面帮助盲人或有视力障碍的人。32.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第一段前两句可知微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知,选项B“Peoplehavingvisualdisabilities.”(有视觉障碍的人)符合题意。故选B。33.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句人们可以使用这款应用软件来识别标志和获取方向,尽管微软警告不要将其用于导航目的。可推知,微软警告不要用这款软件来导航。故选A。34.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两句微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知,这款人工智能软件对于盲人是非常有帮助的。故选C。35.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句微软表示,SeeingAI不久将能够识别钞票,这样人们就能知道他们手中的钞票是面值100美元还是1美元。可知,SeeingAI很快就能有更多的新功能。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的力量。积极的语言可以激励我们,消极的语言会摧毁我们。36.【解析】选C。根据空后一句可知然而,我们通常觉得太尴尬而不承认。与选项C.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.(我们所有人都会时不时自言自语)承接自然,后文的it指代选项的内容,故选C项。37.【解析】选G。根据空前一句可知但是,要清楚多达77%的自言自语倾向于消极。与选项G.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.(因此,我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话)承接自然,前后句构成明显的因果关系,negative和encouraging是关键词,故选G项。38.【解析】选F。根据空前两句可知例如,当把一件商品退回商店时,我们在交换期间可能会用温和、友好的语言。店员很可能会用同样的方式回复你。与设空处是两种对比的情况,且构成明显的转折关系,friendly和critical是关键词,故选F项。39.【解析】选A。前文Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:(在说话之前,我们应该总是问问自己)与选项A.Isitloving?(它是表示关爱的话吗?)承接自然,前文提出“问自己”,下文给出问题,故选A项。40.【解析】选D。根据空前两句当我们说积极的话时,我们周围的人会得到鼓励。我们可以提供希望、建立自信以及激励别人做到最好。前后部分分别陈述积极话语和消极话语的两种情况,选项D中的those代指前文的Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest,故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Angela创立了致力于清理海岸垃圾的社区组织,并用海岸垃圾创作出海洋生物雕塑,以提醒人们需要的是一个洁净的海洋。41.【解析】选B。句意:她一直渴望号召她的社区将它清理干净,改变现状,所以她努力地成立了一个名为“冲上岸:拯救海洋的艺术”的组织。offering主动提供;longing渴望;admitting承认;hesitating犹豫。longtodosth.渴望做某事,符合语境,故选B。42.【解析】选D。她是想通过这个组织来改变目前塑料垃圾堆满海滩的现状。changethesituation改变现状。landscape风景,景色;world世界;surface表面;situation现状。故选D。43.【解析】选A。根据下文可知她的努力很成功。attempt尝试,努力;choice选择;program节目;instruction说明。故选A。44.【解析】选C。本段后文在讲述该组织的运作流程。walks步行;applies应用,申请;functions运作,功能;prepares准备。故选C。45.【解析】选D。根据下句可知,这些雕塑应是使用海滩清理中的塑料创作而成。stopping阻止;presenting呈现;delivering传送;employing雇用,使用。故选D。46.【解析】选D。句意:利用海滩清理工作中的塑料,Angela和其他许多志愿者创作了海洋生物的雕塑。waste浪费,废弃物;floor地板;waves海浪,风潮;creatures生物,动物。故选D。47.A.rethink B.remarkC.confirm D.announce【解析】选A。结合语境可知,后文“Howcantherebethismuchwasteonthebeach?”(海滩上怎么会有这么多垃圾?),这应是人们看到雕塑后思考的内容,与后文consider相呼应。rethink重新考虑;remark评论;confirm证明,确认;announce宣告。故选A。48.【解析】选B。Angela希望这些雕塑能让人们思考他们在日常生活中购买了什么,并意识到如此多的塑料最终会流入海洋。Generally一般地,普遍地;Hopefully有希望地;Fortunately幸运地;Surprisingly出乎意料地。故选B。49.【解析】选C。结合常识和后文“intheirdailylife”(在他们的日常生活中)可推知,日常生活中购买的东西中有大量的塑料垃圾。achieved获得;observed观察;purchased购买;recommended推荐。故选C。50.【解析】选A。句意:到目前为止,大约1万名志愿者已经尽心尽力地收集了21吨垃圾,并帮助创作了70多件艺术品。devoted挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的;surprised惊奇的;grateful感激的;adventurous有冒险精神的。故选A。51.【解析】选D。根据后文“havedemonstratedtheartworksin18placesofthecountry”可知,在全国18个地方展出这些作品,应是举行了巡回展。guides导游;managers经理;advertisements广告;exhibitions展览。故选D。52.【解析】选C。句意:其中一个雕塑,《海龟海洋》获得了一项特别的荣誉。folk民间的;simple简单的;special特别的;strange奇怪的。故选C。53.【解析】选A。句意:“冲上岸”团队现在正在制作海豚的雕塑,并计划制作更多的雕塑。plans计划;calls电话;elements要素,基本成分;exchanges交换,交谈。故选A。54.【解析】选C。从前文可知,该志愿者团队是打捞被冲上岸的塑料垃圾的,当然在他们完全清除海滩上的塑料前,工作还将继续。getdownto开始考虑,着手处理;keepawayfrom远离;getridof摆脱;endupwith以……结束。故选C。55.【解析】选B。句意:Angela严肃地说:“这些雕塑是对清洁海洋的呼吁。”answer答案;appeal呼吁;warning警告;response回复。故选B。第二节(共10小题;