2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题05 感动中国人物（解析版）

PAGE12PAGE112022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题05感动中国人物Passage1（2021·云南呈贡·一模）ZhangGuimei,whofoundedahighschoolforgirlstostudyforfreeinLijiang,Yunnanprovincein2008,hashelpedabout1,200girlsgotocollegeinthepast13years.Shecameupwiththeideaofsettingupahighschoolespeciallyforgirlsaftershevisitedthehomesofthegirlswhogaveupstudying.Shelearnedthatmostofthedropouts(辍学生)wouldgetmarried.Poorfamiliescouldn’tpaythetuitionfees(学费).Somegirlshadtodochoresathome.Between2003and2007,Zhangspenthervacationsonthestreets,askingpeopletogiveawaymoneyforhergirls’school.Manypeoplethoughtshemightlieandcheatmoneyfromthem.Sosheonlyraisedabout10,000yuan.In2007,afterherdreamwasreported,theYunnangovernmentinvested60millionyuanintheproject.TheHuapingHighSchoolforGirlswascompleted(完成)in2008withonlyoneteachingbuilding.In2009,afterseeingnohope,nineteachersresigned,leavingjusteighttoteachthere.In2011,thefirstintakeofstudentsgraduatedandallwenttouniversitiesorvocationalcolleges.By2015,construction(建设)ofalltheschool’sfacilities(学校设备)wascompleted.In2019,shewasdiagnosedwithmanyillnesses.Butsheisstillfightingon.Shehopesthatgirlscanchangetheirfates(命运)byreceivingeducationandinfluencetheirfuturechildreninapositiveway.根据短文内容选择最佳选项1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutwhythegirlsgaveupstudying?A．Theywouldgetmarried.B．Theydislikedstudying.C．Theywereaskedtodochores.D．Theirfamiliesweretoopoortoaffordthetuitionfees.2．Whydidn’tZhangGuimeigetenoughmoneyforthegirls’schoolatfirst?A．Becausenobodygaveawaymoneyforhergirls’school.B．Becauseshespentlesstimeonit.C．Becausemanypeopledidn’tbelievewhatshesaid.D．Becauseshehadseriousillnesses.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resigned”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A．失业 B．退休 C．就业 D．辞职4．Fromthepassage,wecanseemanygirls______bystudyinginHuapingHighSchoolforGirls.A．changedtheirlife B．droppedoutofschoolsC．didn’tenteruniversities D．hadmanyproblems5．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．ThefemaledropoutsinLiJiang.B．Agreatladyhelpsgirlstoreceiveeducation.C．Teachersinahighschoolforgirls.D．Whydidmanygirlsgiveupstudying?1．B2．C3．D4．A5．B【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了张桂梅为了让贫困家庭的女孩获得受教育的权利，创办了华坪女子高中，让贫困家庭女孩免费上高中的事迹。1．细节理解题。根据文中“Shelearnedthatmostofthedropouts(辍学生)wouldgetmarried.Poorfamiliescouldn’tpaythetuitionfees(学费).Somegirlshadtodochoresathome.”可知，女孩们放弃学习原因中没有提到不喜欢学习。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文中“Manypeoplethoughtshemightlieandcheatmoneyfromthem.Sosheonlyraisedabout10,000yuan.”可知，张桂梅一开始没有拿到足够的钱是因为很多人不相信她说的话。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据上文“afterseeingnohope”可知，此处是看不到希望，9名教师辞职了。Resigned的意思是“辞职”。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据文中“ZhangGuimei,whofoundedahighschoolforgirlstostudyforfreeinLijiang,Yunnanprovincein2008,hashelpedabout1,200girlsgotocollegeinthepast13years.”可知，我们可以看到许多女孩通过在华坪女子中学学习改变了她们的生活。故选A。5．标题归纳题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了张桂梅创办了华坪女子高中，让贫困家庭女孩免费上高中的事迹。选项B符合题意，故选B。Passage2（2021·福建宁德·一模）Poverty(贫困)isabigproblemaroundtheworld.ButChinahasdoneagoodjobofdealingwithitandithasfounditsownwaytofightpoverty.Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,ithastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoliftthemselvesoutofpoverty.Ordinarypeopleplayabigroleinthefight.Herearetwoofthem.ZhangGuimeihasbeenhelpinggirlspursue(追求)educationsinceshetraveledtoYunnanattheageof17.Asateacher,Zhangwasheartbrokenwhenshesawherstudentsquitschoolafterfinishingseniorhighschool.Theycouldn’tgotocollegebecausetheirfamiliescouldn’taffordit.Soin2008,Zhangstartedafreeschoolforpoorgirls.Sincethen,Zhanghasbeenbusyaskingfordonationstoprovidemoneyfortheschool.Shehasconvinced(说服)parentstosendtheirdaughtersbacktoschool.Theschoolhassentmorethan1,800studentstouniversitiesandcolleges.WhenMaoXianglinstartedtoworkasthePartysecretaryofhisvillage,therewasonlyonepathwayoutofthevillageformanyyears.Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhands.Ittookthemsevenyearstobuildaneight-kilometerroad.Maothenencouragedthevillagerstogroworanges.Lastyear,theirorangeyield(产量)wasnearly40tons.Youngpeoplehavereturnedtothevillagetosellorangesonline.Bytheendof2019,269villagershadbeenliftedoutofpoverty.Thepercapitaincome(人均收入)reached12,670yuan,40timesmorethaninthe1990s.Overthelasteightyears,98.99millionruralpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty.The832counties(县)and128,000villageswhichthesepeopleliveinarenolongerinpoverty.Chinahasbeenresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertyworldwidesincethelate1970s.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quit”meaninParagraph2?A．leave B．serve C．dislike D．build7．WhatdoyouknowaboutMaoXianglinaccordingtothetext?A．Heworksasateacherinthevillage.B．Hedidtwothingstohelpthevillagers.C．Heencouragedthevillagerstoselloranges.D．Heledvillagerstobuildaroadwithsometools.8．What’stherightstructure(结构)ofthetext?①-Paragraph1②-Paragraph2③-Paragraph3④-Paragraph4A． B． C． D．9．Whatisthepurposeofusingthenumbersinthelastparagraph?A．Topraisethespiritsofmodelworkers.B．Toshowgreatachievementsagainstpoverty.C．Tospreadthewaysoffightingagainstpoverty.D．Todescribetheexperiencesoffightingagainstpoverty.10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Theteacherhelpedthepoorareasoutofpovertybygivingmaterials.B．Thepercapitaincomeinthevillagewasmorethan¥500inthe1990s.C．Theyoungpeoplewhostayedinthevillagegreworangesinthepast.D．ZhangGuimeihasbeenhelpinggirlspursueeducationforover40years.6．A7．B8．B9．B10．D【分析】文章介绍了中国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了胜利，文中具体描述了两个典型事例：张桂梅为贫困女生开办免费学校；毛相林带领100多名村名用手修路致富。6．词义猜测题。根据“Zhangwasheartbrokenwhenshesawherstudentsquitschoolafterfinishingseniorhighschool.Theycouldn’tgotocollegebecausetheirfamiliescouldn’taffordit.”可知，当她看到她的学生高中毕业之后因为家庭贫困上不起大学而心碎，所以单词quit指的是“离开，放弃”，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhands…Maothenencouragedthevillagerstogroworanges.”可知，毛相林为村民们做了两件事，一件是带领村民修路，另一件是鼓励村民们种橘子，故选B。8．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，第一段主要是总体指出中国在脱贫攻坚方面取得的成就；第二、三段分别举例张桂梅和毛相林的事例；第四段再次总结脱贫方面取得的成绩，故选B。9．推理判断题。根据“Overthelasteightyears,98.99millionruralpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty.The832counties(县)and128,000villageswhichthesepeopleliveinarenolongerinpoverty.Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertyworldwidesincethelate1970s.”可知，使用列数字的方式是为了说明中国在脱贫道路上取得的成绩，故选B。10．推理判断题。根据“ZhangGuimeihasbeenhelpinggirlspursue(追求)educationsinceshetraveledtoYunnanattheageof17.”可知，她从17岁开始就帮助女孩们接受教育，而图片中显示是64岁，所以说她帮助女孩们接受教育已经40多年了，故选D。Passage3（2021·陕西·西安市铁一中学二模）ZhangGuimeishowedushowtobeagoodteacherandtheimportanceofateacherinstudents’lives.In2009,ZhangGuimeifoundedtheHuapingHighSchoolforGirlsinLijiang,YunnanProvince.Thiswasaspecialschoolwhichdidnotaskfortuition(学费)fromgirlsinpoorfamilies.In2003,Zhangbegantoraisemoneyfortheschool,buthereffortwasoftenmetwithsuspicionandevenmisunderstanding.Between2003and2007,Zhangspenthersparetimeaskingpeopletogivemoneytoherschool.However,themoneyshegotwasfarfromenough.In2007,afterherdreamwasreportedbymedia,thegovernmentpromisedtohelpherproject.Zhangcarriesonstrictschoolrules.Sheplanseveryminuteofherstudents’timetable5:20am,shewakesupallthegirls.Theymusttakeanapintheafternoon.Theyareonlyallowedthreehoursaweekoutsideoftheschool.Andhavinglonghairisnoallowed.Shewantstochangethelivesofmanygirlsfrompoorfamiliesthrougheducation.Elevenyearslater,over1,600girlstudentshavegraduatedfromtheschoolandreceivedhighereducation—includingmanyfamousuniversitiesinChina.Whenpeopleaskedwhyshemadesomuchefforttohelpgirlsinthemountainsgetbettereducation,shejustsaid,“Ibelieveitisreallyimportantforgirlstogeteducationbecauseitwillbreakthecirclebetweenuneducatedmothers’andchildren.Ihopetheycanlivehappierthanme.”11．TheHuapingHighSchoolforGirlswassetupin________.A．2005 B．2003 C．2007 D．200912．Theunderlinedword“suspicion”heremeans________.A．支持 B．理解 C．怀疑 D．宽容13．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus________.A．allthestudentsgetupearlytostudyB．therearestrictrulesintheschoolC．havinglonghairisnotallowedintheschoolD．Zhangisakindmotherforthestudents14．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AgoodmotherandstrictteacherB．AspecialhighschoolforgirlsC．AfamoushighschoolinChinaD．Girlstudentsfrompoorfamilies11．D12．C13．B14．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了张桂梅筹钱为云南丽江建立女子高中，让这里的女孩能接受教育的故事。11．1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In2009,ZhangGuimeifoundedtheHuapingHighSchoolforGirlsinLijiang,YunnanProvince.”可知，2019年张桂梅建立了云南省丽江华坪女子高中。故选D。12．词义猜测题。由“In2003,Zhangbegantoraisemoneyfortheschool,buthereffortwasoftenmetwithsuspicionandevenmisunderstanding.”可知but后句意出现转折，推出筹钱不顺利，应是遭到了怀疑，suspicion意为“怀疑”。故选C。13．段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述了女子高中的实行的一些严格规定。故选B。14．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了张桂梅筹钱为云南丽江建立女子高中，让这里的女孩能接受教育的故事。由此可知用“Aspecialhighschoolforgirls”做标题最合适。故选B。Passage4（2021·云南西山·一模）AwomanteacherinLijiang,YunnanProvincehaschangedthelivesofmanychildreninthemountains,especiallythegirls.SheistheheadteacherofHuapingHighSchoolforGirls.ItisthefirstpublichighschoolforgirlsinChinathatdoesnotchargetuition（收取学费）.Anditiswell-knownforitshighpercentageofgraduateswhoenteruniversities.Withouther,nothingwouldhavehappened.SheisZhangGuimei.In2001,Zhang,thenateacheroflocalmiddleschool,waschosentobethepart-timepresidentofacenterforhomelesschildreninHuaping.Shefoundthatmanygirlsintheareahadlittlechanceofgettingeducation.Zhangdecidedtosetupaschoolforgirls,mainlythosewhoareunabletocontinuetheirhighschoolstudies.Between2002and2007,Zhangspenthervacationsonthestreetsaskingpeopletogiveawaymoneytoherschool.Manypeopledidn’tunderstandwhatshewasdoingandgaveherthecoldshoulder.Luckily,Zhangandherdreamhavefinallydrawnattentionfromthepublicandthegovernment.Withthelocalgovernment’ssupport,HuapingHighSchoolforGirlswasopenedinSeptember2008.Difficultiessoonfollowed.Sixmonthsafteritopened,9outofits17teachersleftbecauseofthepoorconditionsandthestudents’poorperformance.ButZhangwouldn’tallowtheschooltobeshutdown.Sheledtheremainingteacherstoworkharder.“Iwantmystudentstogotogooduniversities,”Zhangsaid.Duringthepast12andahalfyears,over1,600girlstudentshavegraduatedandbeenacceptedintouniversitiesincludingWuhanUniversityandSichuanUniversity.ItmakesZhangproud.Thisgreatteacherbelieveseducationforwomencanmakeabigdifferenceinanation.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）15．HuapingHighSchoolforGirlsisin________Province.A．Yunnan B．Hunan C．Sichuan D．Wuhan16．WhydidZhangGuimeidecidetosetupaschoolforgirls?A．Becausemoregirlsentereduniversitiesthanboys.B．Becauseshewantedtohelpmoregirlsreceiveeducation.C．Becausemanygirlswereinterestedinhighschoolstudies.D．Becauseshebecamethepart-timepresidentofacenterforhomelesschildren.17．Toopentheschool,ZhangGuimeionce________.A．askedotherteachersnottoleave B．wrotealettertothelocalgovernmentC．askedpeopleformoneyonthestreets D．spentvacationstalkingwithgirls’parents18．Fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutHuapingHighSchoolforGirls?A．Itchargeslittletuitionforpoorfamilies.B．Atfirst,therewereonly9teachersworkingthere.C．Therearemorethan1,600girlstudentsinitnow.D．Itstarted12andahalfyearsagowiththelocalgovernment’shelp.19．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythetitle?A．Fightingforgirl’seducation B．FacingthechallengesbravelyC．StudyingatHuapingHighSchool D．Goingtohighschoolisimportant15．A16．B17．C18．D19．A【分析】本文介绍了张桂梅为了让贫困家庭的女孩子获得受教育的权利，而倾其所有创办华坪女子高中，让贫困家庭的女孩免费上高中的事迹。15．细节理解题。根据“AwomanteacherinLijiang,YunnanProvincehaschangedthelivesofmanychildreninthemountains,especiallythegirls.SheistheheadteacherofHuapingHighSchoolforGirls.”可知，华坪女子高中在“云南”省。故选A。16．细节理解题。根据“Shefoundthatmanygirlsintheareahadlittlechanceofgettingeducation.Zhangdecidedtosetupaschoolforgirls,mainlythosewhoareunabletocontinuetheirhighschoolstudies.”可知，张桂梅发现这个地区的许多女孩几乎没有受教育的机会。她决定为女生开办一所学校，主要是那些无法继续高中学业的女生。由此可知，张桂梅为女孩们建学校是为了帮助更多的女孩们接受教育。故选B。17．细节理解题。根据“Between2002and2007,Zhangspenthervacationsonthestreetsaskingpeopletogiveawaymoneytoherschool.”可知，张桂梅为了创建女子高中，曾在街上让人们筹钱。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据“Withthelocalgovernment’ssupport,HuapingHighSchoolforGirlswasopenedinSeptember2008…Duringthepast12andahalfyears,over1,600girlstudentshavegraduatedandbeenacceptedintouniversitiesincludingWuhanUniversityandSichuanUniversity.”可知，华坪女子高中是在政府的支持下创办的，并且已经成立了12年半。故选D。19．最佳标题题。根据“Shefoundthatmanygirlsintheareahadlittlechanceofgettingeducation.Zhangdecidedtosetupaschoolforgirls,mainlythosewhoareunabletocontinuetheirhighschoolstudies…Between2002and2007,Zhangspenthervacationsonthestreetsaskingpeopletogiveawaymoneytoherschool…Difficultiessoonfollowed…Thisgreatteacherbelieveseducationforwomencanmakeabigdifferenceinanation.”可知，本文主要介绍了张桂梅为了让女孩们能受教育，决定创办一所对女孩们免费的女子高中，虽然遇到了很多困难，但是她都没放弃，一直为之努力，到目前为止，该学校让1600多名女学生上了大学。所以本文的最佳标题为“为女孩的教育而战”。故选A。Passage5（2020·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）ZhangDingyu,thedirectorofWuhanJinyintanHospital,leadsover600doctorsandnursesfightingagainsttheNovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新型冠状病毒肺炎）,whichhascausedhundredsofdeathsincentralChina’sHubeiProvince.AsZhangledover600doctorsandnursesfightingthedisease,hisstrangewayofwalkingshockedhiscolleagues.HefinallyadmittedthathehadfallenillwithALS（渐冻症）sinceOctober2018afterconstantresearches.ALSisadiseasethatgraduallyblockstheconnectionbetweenbrainandbody.PeoplewithALSbecomepartiallyparalyzed（瘫痪的）leadingtorespiratory（呼吸系统的）failure.Whileworkingwithhandicapped（瘸的）legs,hiswifewasconfirmedtogetinfectedwiththevirusafterworkinginanotherhospital.Thebadnewsbroughthimtohisknees,andhecriedforthefirsttimeafterthevirusbrokeout.Zhangcouldonlyfindtimetovisithiswifeuntilthreedaysaftershegotadmittedtothehospital.Eventhenhecouldonlystayfor30minutes.Fortunately,thegoodnewscamethathiswifehadrecoveredtendaysaftertreatment.Zhang,57,hasofferedmedicalservicesalongwithChinesemedicalteamstoAlgeriaandPakistan.ThreedaysaftertheearthquakehitcentralSichuanProvincein2008,Zhangenteredthecitywithhismedicalteammemberstoofferhelp.“Lifeisalwaysshort.IneedtodomoretofinishthethingsthatImightleavebehind,thenIwouldleavewithouttoomanyregrets,”Zhangsaid.“Weareatthecenterofastorm,soweneedtogiveallwehavetoprotectourcity,andourWuhanpeople,”Zhangsaid.20．WhatisTRUEaboutZhangDingyu?A．Hiscolleagueshadknownhishealthconditionbefore.B．Hiswifeworkedinthesamehospitalashim.C．HetreatedpeopleinjuredinearthquakesinSichuan.D．Heretiredfromthehospitalbeforetheoutbreakofthevirus.21．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatZhangDingyuisa________man.A．terrible B．serious C．thoughtful D．responsible22．WhatdoesZhangDingyumeaninthelastparagraph?A．Hewantstorealizehisdream.B．Heisdeterminedtofightthedisease.C．Heregretsnotbeingabletodomoreforhispatients.D．Hewillsoonleavehisposition.23．Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．ZhangDingyu’sstoryoffightingagainsttheNovelcoronaviruspneumoniaB．ZhangDingyu’sstorywithhiswifeC．howtopreventtheNovelcoronaviruspneumoniaD．ZhangDingyu’sstorywithhiscolleges20．C21．D22．A23．A【分析】本文讲述了武汉金银潭医院院长张定宇的故事。20．细节理解题。HiscolleagueshadknownhishealthconditioninOctober2018.他的同事在2018年10月就知道了他的健康状况。根据“AsZhangledover600doctorsandnursesfightingthedisease,hisstrangewayofwalkingshockedhiscolleagues.HefinallyadmittedthathehadfallenillwithALS（渐冻症）sinceOctober2018afterconstantresearches.”可知，张定宇是2018年10月开始就患上了渐冻症，当他领导600多名医生抗击新型冠状病毒时，同事们是看到他奇怪的走路姿势才得知他患病的，所以A项表述错误。Hiswifeworkedinthesamehospitalashim.他妻子和他在同一家医院工作。根据“hiswifewasconfirmedtogetinfectedwiththevirusafterworkinginanotherhospital”可知，张定宇的妻子在另一家医院工作，和他不在同一家医院，所以B项表述错误。HetreatedpeopleinjuredinearthquakesinSichuan.他治疗了在四川地震中受伤的人。根据“ThreedaysaftertheearthquakehitcentralSichuanProvincein2008,Zhangenteredthecitywithhismedicalteammemberstoofferhelp.”可知，在2008年四川发生地震后，张定宇和他的团队成员提供了医疗援助，治疗了地震中受伤的人，所以C项表述正确。Heretiredfromthehospitalbeforetheoutbreakofthevirus.

在病毒爆发前，他就从医院退休了。根据“ZhangDingyu,thedirectorofWuhanJinyintanHospital,leadsover600doctorsandnursesfightingagainsttheNovelcoronaviruspneumonia…”可知，张定宇领导600多名医生抗击新型冠状病毒，所以病毒爆发时他还没有退休，所以D项表述错误。故选C。21．观点态度题。根据文中“Weareatthecenterofastorm,soweneedtogiveallwehavetoprotectourcity,andourWuhanpeople”并结合全文，可知，张定宇院长患有渐冻症，但是仍带领医护人员奋战在抗击疫情一线，倾尽全力保卫武汉和武汉人民，由此可见，他是非常有责任心的一个人。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据“Lifeisalwaysshort.IneedtodomoretofinishthethingsthatImightleavebehind,thenIwouldleavewithouttoomanyregrets.Weareatthecenterofastorm,soweneedtogiveallwehavetoprotectourcity,andourWuhanpeople.”可知，在张定宇看来，生命总是短暂的，需要做更多的事情来完成可能会留下的事情，然后会毫无遗憾地离开。我们正处于风暴的中心，所以我们需要尽全力保护我们的城市，和我们的武汉人民。所以，张定宇说这些话的意思是“作为一名医生，他会尽全力挽救病人的生命，这也是他作为一名医生的梦想，他想实现这个梦想”。故选A。23．主旨大意题。根据文中“ZhangDingyu,thedirectorofWuhanJinyintanHospital,leadsover600doctorsandnursesfightingagainsttheNovelcoronaviruspneumonia,whichhascausedhundredsofdeathsincentralHubeiProvince.”以及文中内容可知，本文主要讲述了金银潭医院院长张定宇抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的故事。故选A。Passage6（2019·广西港南·二模）PeopleoftenhearbadnewsonTV,the“TouchingChina”awardonTuesdaysendsadifferentmessage.Theawardhonors(给...以荣誉)tenofChina’srolemodels(道德模范)in2012.Theawardwinnersarecarefullyselected(推选)bypeople.The“TouchingChina”awardhasbeenheldeveryyearsince2003.LuoYangisoneofthetenrolemodels.HeisthelateCommanderinchief(前总指挥官)oftheprogramfordevelopingtheJ-15fighter(歼-15战斗机).Hediedfromoverwork.AndLinJunde,ascientistwhodedicatedhiswholelifetoChina’snuclearcourse(核事业).Therearealsoordinarycitizens(公民)whohavemadeadifference,likeZhangL