2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题01 碳中和 碳达峰（解析版）

PAGE8PAGE72022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题01碳中和碳达峰Passage1（2021·浙江台州·中考真题）TheYouthClimateSummit(气候峰会)aweek-longfestivalofclimateactionforprimaryandmiddleschoolsintheUK,startson9November.Itaimstocreateafairer,moreenvironmentalworldandmakepromisesthatwillhelptheplanet.Climatechangeisthelong-termchangesintheworld’sweatherpatternsthataremostlycausedbyhumanactivity.“Unlikeworldleaders,”saythesummit’sorganizers,“youngpeoplearerefusingtoletitdropofftheplan.”Eachdayhasatopic,whichincludesfoodandfashion,lookingathowhumansharmtheenvironmentandhowtosavetheplanet.Organizationsareleadingsomeonlineactivities.Forexample,theMarineConservationSocietyishostingmeetingsonprotectingseafish.Separately,theenvironmentalorganizationGreenpeaceisrunningaworkshoponhowtoturnworn-outclothingintosomethingnewandwearable.Thesummitwillfinishon13November,whenyouthambassadors(大使)wantsschoolstostoppaperwaste.Max,another16-year-oldambassadorwantsschoolstoorganizemoretripsandactivitiesthatgetstudentsoutsidetoexperiencethebeautyofnature.Aspartofthesummit,hundredsofschoolsacrossthecountryaresigninguptotheLet’sGoZeroactivity,aimingtobecomecarbon-zero(零碳的)by2030.Carbon-zeroschoolsareonesthatpromisetostopemittingcarboninsevenareas,includingwheretheygettheirfoodandhowtheyusewaterandrecycletheirwaste.TheactivityisrunbyAshden,acharityworkingtowardsclimatesolutions.Ashdenhopesthatschoolswillbeabletohelpeachotherbysharingideasandmethods.ItisalsocallingontheGovernmenttobackthepromise.Headovertowhereyoucanfindoutmore.1．ThewriterdevelopsthefirstsentenceinParagraph2mainlyby________.A．tellingstories B．comparingfacts C．givingexamples D．listingnumbers2．Maxadvisesschoolsto________.A．recycleandreuseoldclothesB．preventstudentsfromwastingpaperC．havemeetingsonsavingendangeredseafishD．providemorechancesforstudentstoenjoythenature3．Theunderlinedword"emitting"inParagraph4istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．usingup B．takingin C．sendingout D．cuttingdown4．Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto________.A．explaintheproblemswithclimatechangeB．developchildren’sabilitytosolvesocialproblemsC．introducetheenvironmentalorganizationstoschoolsD．encourageyoungpeopletocaremoreaboutclimatechange1．C2．D3．C4．D【分析】文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。1．细节理解题。根据“Forexample,theMarineConservationSocietyishostingmeetingsonprotectingseafish.Separately,theenvironmentalorganizationGreenpeaceisrunningaworkshoponhowtoturnworn-outclothingintosomethingnewandwearable.”列举了MarineConservationSociety和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Max,another16-year-oldambassadorwantsschoolstoorganizemoretripsandactivitiesthatgetstudentsoutsidetoexperiencethebeautyofnature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据“Carbon-zeroschools”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sendingout”意思相近。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。Passage2（2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中学三模）Ifyouwantyourchildrentogrowuptobefriendlytotheenvironment,youhavetostartteachingthemwhiletheyareyoung.TheInternetcanbeagreattoolforteachingyourkidsmoreabouttheenvironmentandrecycling.Whatarethebestrecyclingwebsitesforkids?Heretheyare.Website1:www.Thissitehasmanygreatgamesforkidsontheweboflife,factsondifferentanimals,andtheyprovideexcellentinformationonwhatkidscandotohelpprotecttheirownenvironment.TheyevenhavetheirownWildlifeAdoptionCenteronthesite.Website2:www.Thissiteistoprovideinformationtokidsontheenvironmentandtoencouragethemtoworkonimprovingtheworldaroundthem.Itprovidesinformationonhowtheycanworkintheirowncommunityandhowtheycanworkonrecycling.Website3:www.epa.gov/students/ThisistheofficialsiteoftheEPАintheUnitedStates.Theyincludemanygreatstories,games,andpictures.Therearemanyfunnycartoonsthatincludefactsabouttheenvironmentthatkidscanenjoy.Italsoincludesexcellentwaysthatkidscanimprovetheenvironmentandkeepnaturealiveaswell.Website4:www.TheChildrenoftheEarthwebsitehelpstoprovideinformationforkidsthatwillallowthemtounderstandandrespecttheworldaroundthem.Lessonsaretaughtonplants,soil,energy,animals,andmore.Ithelpsthemtolearnabouthowtheiractionscaneitherhavebadorgoodeffects(影响)ontheenvironment.5．Whodoesthewritermostlikelywritehispassagefor?A．parents B．workers C．kids D．officers6．Whatdothesewebsiteshaveincommon?A．Theyareallofficialsitesofgovernments. B．Kidscanplaydifferentgamesonthesewebsites.C．Manyinterestinggamesarereadyforkids, D．Theyallprovideinformationabouttheenvironment.7．Whichwebsiteprovidescartoonsabouttheenvironment?A．www..B．www.. C．www.epa.gov/students/. D．www.childrenoftheearthorg.5．A6．D7．C【分析】文章介绍了几个最好的儿童回收网站，供孩子们学习有关环境保护和回收的知识。5．推理判断题。根据“Ifyouwantyourchildrentogrowuptobefriendlytotheenvironment,youhavetostartteachingthemwhiletheyareyoung.TheInternetcanbeagreattoolforteachingyourkidsmoreabouttheenvironmentandrecycling.”可知，文章是写给父母的，故选A。6．细节理解题。根据“...whatkidscandotohelpprotecttheirownenvironment”以及“...provideinformationtokidsontheenvironment”以及“...includefactsabouttheenvironment...”以及“...howtheiractionscaneitherhavebadorgoodeffects(影响)ontheenvironment.”可知，这些网站都是与环境有关的，故选D。7．细节理解题。根据“Website3:www.epa.gov/students/...Therearemanyfunnycartoonsthatincludefactsabouttheenvironmentthatkidscanenjoy.”可知，www.epa.gov/students/这个网站提供有关环境的动画片，故选C。Passage3（2021·河南·模拟预测）Whatdopeopledowiththeirold,outofdatebutstillusefulcomputers?Mostpeopledon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputaway.Manymorearesimplythrownawayasrubbish.Finally,somecompaniesarethinkingofwaystobringdownthenumberofoldcomputers.SonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldSonyproducts(产品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputersoftheirownbrands.Insomecountries,lawshavebeenpassed,too.Computercompanieshavetopayforcollectingandrecyclingtheirusedproducts.And70%ofthecomputerwastemustberecycled.Theideabehindthelawsisthatcomputercompaniesthemselvesshouldpayforthecost.Thatwillencouragethemtomakecomputerswhichareeasierandcheapertorepairandupgrade(升级).Yetmanypeoplearethrowingawaygoodcomputers,whileotherscannotaffordthematall.Hundredsoforganizationsareworkingonthisproblem.Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Theserepairedcomputersthengotoschools,charities(慈善团体)orpeoplewhoneedthem.Givingausedcomputertooneoftheseorganizationscanturnoneperson’srubbishintosomeoneelse’susefulthingsandcutdownwaste,too.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。8．Whatdomanypeopledowitholdcomputers?A．Theyrepairthem. B．Theysellthem.C．Theysendthemtoothers. D．Theystopusingthem.9．Howmanycomputercompaniesarementionedinthesecondparagraph？A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.10．Accordingtothelawsinsomecountries,computercompaniesmust________.A．recyclemostoftheirproducts B．collectalltheirusedproductsC．repairandupgradeoldcomputers D．makemorecheapercomputers11．Whatdotheorganizationsdotosolvetheproblemofoldcomputers?A．Helpthecomputercompaniestocollectthem.B．Repairandsendthemtothosewhoneedthem.C．Helppeopletolearntousethem.D．Turnrubbishintousefulthings.12．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Repairingoldcomputers. B．Encouragingtomakecheapcomputers.C．Recyclingoldcomputers. D．Helpingthosewhoneedcomputers.8．D9．C10．A11．B12．C【分析】文章介绍了现在很多电脑公司都在进行旧电脑回收，也建议人们把不用的电脑送给一些有需要的人，以减少浪费。8．细节理解题。根据“Mostpeopledon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputaway.Manymorearesimplythrownawayasrubbish.”可知，大多数人都不知道如何应对。许多旧电脑被收起来了。更多的只是作为垃圾扔掉。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据“SonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldSonyproducts(产品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputersoftheirownbrands.”可知，文中提到了Sony,Dell和HewlettPackard三家电脑公司，故选C。10．细节理解题。根据“Computercompanieshavetopayforcollectingandrecyclingtheirusedproducts.And70%ofthecomputerwastemustberecycled.”可知，电脑公司必须回收他们的旧产品。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据“Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Theserepairedcomputersthengotoschools,charities(慈善团体)orpeoplewhoneedthem.”可知，他们收集和修理旧电脑。有些人还教别人如何修理电脑。这些修理过的电脑然后送到学校、慈善机构或需要它们的人那里。故选B。12．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文主要讲述电脑厂家回收它们产品的事，故选C。Passage4（2021·湖南·茶陵县教育教学研究室一模）Recently,theterm“carbonneutral（碳中和）”hasbeenusedfrequentlyatsomeimportantmeetingsinmanycountries.Manycountrieshaveputforwardthegoalofstriving（奋斗目标）tobecarbonneutral.Chinaisexpectedtobecarbonneutralby2060.So,asmiddleschoolstudents,whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironmentandlivealowcarbonlife?Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.Travelinagreenway.NowmoreChinesepeoplehavecarsoftheirown.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.Sowe’dbetterdomorewalking,cyclingandlessdriving.Bydoingso,wecansaveenergyandreducepollution.Cutdownwhitepollution.Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.Whenyougotothesupermarket,bringyourownshoppingbags.Savewater.Lack(缺乏)ofwaterresourceswillaffecttheecologicalenvironment(生态环境).Sopleaseturnoffthetapafterusingit.Sore(分类)therubbish.Doinggarbageclassification(垃圾分类)inarightwaycanturnwasteintowealth.Plantmoretrees.Plantingmoretreesmeanscuttingdownandreducingthecarbonfootprint(碳足迹)andspreadofgreenhousegases(气体).Usebothsidesofthepaper.Thepaperproductionprocessusesalotoftrees.Nowisthetimethatweshouldtakeupourresponsibilitytoprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.Let’sjoinourhandsandtakeactionimmediately.13．Whichwayisbadfortheenvironment?A．Walking. B．Ridingabike. C．Driving.14．Whitepollutionmeans________A．waterpollution. B．plasticpollution. C．airpollution.15．Whenwegoshopping,we’dbetteruse________A．plasticbags. B．shoppingcards. C．shoppingbags.16．Howmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergiveinthepassagetobecarbonneutral?A．5. B．6. C．7.17．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Livealowcarbonlife. B．Soretherubbish. C．Travelinagreenway.13．C14．B15．C16．B17．A【分析】文章介绍了保护环境和过低碳生活的一些建议。13．细节理解题。根据“Travelinagreenway...wecansaveenergyandreducepollution.”可知，驾车对环境没有好处，故选C。14．细节理解题。根据“Cutdownwhitepollution.Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.”可知，白色污染就是塑料污染，故选B。15．细节理解题。根据“Whenyougotothesupermarket,bringyourownshoppingbags.”可知，当我们购物的时候，我们应该带自己的购物袋，故选C。16．细节理解题。根据“Travelinagreenway.”以及“Cutdownwhitepollution.”以及“Savewater.”以及“Sore(分类)therubbish.”以及“Plantmoretrees.”以及“Usebothsidesofthepaper.”可知，文中一共提到了6条建议，故选B。17．主旨大意题。根据“So,asmiddleschoolstudents,whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironmentandlivealowcarbonlife?Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍了保护环境和过低碳生活的一些建议，故选A。Passage5（2021·重庆巴南·一模）①Inmanycountries,peopleareencouragedtobuyelectriccars.Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfortheenvironment.Butisthattrue?②TheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedemissions(排放物)fromdifferentcars.Thescientistsfoundthatsometimes,electriccarsaremoreharmfulthanpetrol(汽油)cars.③Surprising?Well,pleasepayattentiontotheword“sometimes”.Electriccarsaresupposedtobeclean.Theproblemliesinthepowerthatisusedtocharge(给……充电)them.Ifthepowercomesfromwindorsolarenergy,electriccarswillcauselittlepollution.However,ifthepowerisproducedfromcoal,theywillbeveryharmful.Accordingtothestudy,emissionsfromthesecarskillabout3,000peopleayear.Bycomparison(比较),pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsonlyleadsto880deathsayear.④Infact,salespeoplearenotlyingwhentheysayelectriccarsareclean.However,theyarerightonlywhenthepowerusedtochargetheircarsisalsoclean.⑤So________.InFrance,morethanhalfofthepowercomesfromnuclearstations.Electriccarsthereshouldbeascleanastheyaremarketed(推销)tobe.Inmanydevelopingcountries,however,electricitystillmainlycomesfromcoal.India,forexample,dependsoncoalfor61percentofitspower.Onlytwopercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy.IncountrieslikeIndia,electriccarsarenotcleanatall!18．Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfor________.A．thehealth B．thepower C．thecountry D．theenvironment19．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________.A．electriccarsarealwaysmoreharmfulthanpetrolcarsB．pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsleadsto3,000deathsayearC．emissionsfromelectriccarspoweredbywindorsolarenergyarelessharmfulD．inIndia,onlytwentypercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy20．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemissingpart“________”inParagraph5?A．howcleanelectriccarsaredependsonwheretheyaredrivenB．emissionsfromdifferentcarsdodifferentharmtotheenvironmentC．electriccarsinIndiaaremuchcleanerthanthoseinFranceD．electriccarsareascleanastheyaremarketedtobe21．Thebeststructureofthepassageis________.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5)A．①;②③④;⑤ B．①;②③;④⑤ C．①②;③④;⑤ D．①②;③;④⑤18．D19．C20．A21．B【分析】文章介绍了电动汽车的能量来源以及它们所对应的清洁度，并且解释了不同因素影响下对环境的影响。18．细节理解题。根据“Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfortheenvironment.”可知，据说开电动汽车对环境有好处。故选D。19．细节理解题。根据“Ifthepowercomesfromwindorsolarenergy,electriccarswillcauselittlepollution.”可知，如果电力来自风能或太阳能，电动汽车将造成很少的污染。故选C。20．推理判断题。根据“InFrance...Inmanydevelopingcountries,however,electricitystillmainlycomesfromcoal.India...”可知，这里说的是由于不同地方的能量来源不同，所以电动汽车在不同的地方行驶，它们的清洁程度不同，故选A。21．篇章结构题。根据文章的理解可知，第一段主要提出开电动车对环境有好处的观点；第二、三段介绍科学研究证明电动汽车有时比汽油车更有害，并加以说明原因；第四、五段介绍电动汽车的清洁程度取决于它们在哪里行驶，B选项符合结构划分，故选B。Passage6（2021·江苏姜堰·二模）Thousandsofyearsago,peopledidn’tknowthattheEarthmoved.Theythoughtthesunreallydidmoveacrossthesky.TheGreekgodHelioswassaidtodrivethesunaroundtheskywithhischariot（战车）.Butnow,theseideashaveallchanged.Nowadays,itisthesunthatdrivesour“chariot”aroundthesky.Sowhatdoesallthismean?Well,quitesimply,thereisnowaplane（or“chariot”）thatispoweredbythesun.Ithasspecialpartsinitswings.Thesepartsabsorbpowerfromthesun.Theyabsorbsomuchpowerthattheycancarryonflyingatnight.IntheGreekmyths（希腊神话）,Helioshadtotakeabreakatnight.Itseemswe’refinallyevenmoreefficientthanthegodsthemselves.ThisplaneiscalledSolarImpulse（“太阳驱动”号）.ItwillflyacrosstheUSinMay.Thisisveryimportantforthefutureoftheworld.Sowhyissolarenergysogoodforus?Well,otherkindsofenergycauseafewproblems.IfyouliveinChina,you’veprobablynoticedthepollution.Thisiscausedbyburningcoalorgastomakeenergy.Theheatandchemicals（化学制品）fromthismakethingswork.Butifweusetheheatfromthesun,wedon’thavetoburnanything,andthere’snopollution.Solarenergyisnotallthereyet.Itneedstobeimproved.Butthebestthingaboutitisthat,unlikecoalandgas,