重庆市缙云教育联盟2024届高考第二次诊断性检测英语试卷

重庆市缙云教育联盟2024届高考第二次诊断性检测英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。阅读理解Formoreculturecoverageandthenewstreamingservices,www.vulture.comhaspreparedawiderangeoffunnythingstosee,hear,watch,andread.TV:TheCrown(SeasonSix)Netflix,November16.ThefinalseasonofTheCrownisbeingdividedintotwoparts,withfourepisodesonshowbeforeThanksgivingandtheremainingsixlandingonDecember14.And,yes,thoseinitialepisodeswilladdressthedeathofPrincessDiana,playedbyElizabethDebicki,atalentedAustralianactress.OPERA:LatertheSameEveningJuilliardOperapresents.PeterJaySharpTheater,November12,15,and17.ComposerJohnMustoandplaywriterMarkCampbellturnedthosemoodyscenesintoaone-actoperathat'sbecomeastudentfavoritebutrarelygetsseenonagreaterstage.Itwouldbeaonceinalifetimechancetohaveafeastforeyes.MOVIES:FallenLeavesIntheaters,November17.FinnishdirectorAkiKaurismäki,amasterofdeadpan,returnswithwhatmightbehismostromanticfilmsofar—anunexpectedmeetupofanalcoholicconstructionworkerandaheadstrongsupermarketemployee.MUSIC:HeavenKnowsWarnerRecordsUK,November10.PinkPantheress,22,combinesR&B,pop,andelectronicmusicintorelaxingbutimpactfultrackslike"DoYouMissMe?"fromDecember'sTakeMeHomeEP.Thisfall,herfirstcompletestudio-recordedalbum,consistingof13songs,willbereleased.EarlytastesofHeavenKnowslike"CapableofLove"and"Mosquito"suggestthatwe'reinfortighterhooksandlonger,moreambitiouscompositions.1．WhichwillattractthosewhoenjoyElizabethDebicki'sperformance?A．Mosquito. B．Malarkoi.C．TheCrown. D．FallenLeaves.2．Whatdothestreamingserviceshaveincommon?A．TheyarecomingintomarketinNovember.B．Theworkscanbeenjoyedonceinalifetime.C．Moredetailscanbeaccessiblefromnewspaper.D．Theyaretheworksbytheworld-famousartists.3．WhatdoweknowaboutHeavenKnows?A．ItisproducedbyNetflix.B．Itisdividedintotwoparts.C．It'llbereleasedonNov.17.D．Itisherfirstfullstudioalbum.阅读理解Technologyismorethananabstractconceptassociatedwithadvancedtoolsandsystems.Italsoshapesthewaypeoplebehave,growanddevelop,bothwithintheirownlivesandintheirrelationshipswithothers.Whiletechnologyhasdevelopedoverthousandsofyears,thelastcenturyhasseenanexplosionintechnologythathasinfluencedfundamentalchangesinhowhumansseetheworldandinteractwithothers.Specifically,theInternetandmobiledeviceshavecompletelychangedthewaypeopleinteractwitheachother.Therehasbeenadebategoingonwhethertechnologyisbenefitinghumancommunicationorruiningit.Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.Inbusiness,officeemployeesandmanagersusetechnologytosendemailstooneanother,whichisconsideredacommunicationskill.Onsocialmedia,justshareafewofyourimagesandpeoplestartcommunicatingonandaboutyourimagesaccordingtotheirviewpoint.WiththeoutbreakofCOVID-19,inordertoworkontheprojects,thestudentsusetheirphonestoreachtheirteachersandclassmates.However,technologyissometimesconsideredtodisconnectpeoplefromothersaroundthem.Withcellphones,mostpeoplethinkthatit'seasierandmoreconvenienttotextinsteadofmeetinginperson.LucasLengacher,anundergraduatefromHuntingtonUniversity,claimsinhisarticlethatatleast42.91%peoplerespondtomessagesimmediatelyyetonly2.83%peopledon'tchecktheirphonesinthemorning.Inhisresearchhefoundthat"almost60percentofpeoplefeltdisconnectedfromothersaroundwhentheywereontheirphones".4．Humaninteractionhasbeenbasicallyinfluencedby____.A．people'srelationships B．socialsystemsC．mobiledevices D．communicationskills5．Howistheideaofparagraph2supported?A．Byanalyzingdata. B．Byprovidingcases.C．Bydefiningaconcept. D．Bymakingcomparisons.6．WhatdoesLucas'sresearchfind?A．Phonesdisconnectuswhenwearetogether.B．Phonesarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.C．Peoplecommunicatelessbecauseofphysicaldistance.D．Phonesarehelpingpeoplebuildnewercommunicationskills.7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotechnology?A．Positive. B．Skeptical. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.阅读理解Everwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark(百灵鸟)whileyouarehappilysleepingtillnoon?ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes,accordingtoanewstudy.ScientistscomparingancientDNAwiththegeneticsofmodernhumansdiscovereda"strikingtrend",saidJohnCapra,anepidemiologist(流行病学家)attheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.TheresearchersfoundthattheNeanderthalgenesthatremainaffectthebodyclock—increasingtendencytobeamorningperson.Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes(纬度)thanourancestorswhomigratedfromAfrica—furtherawayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter."Thegenethatmakespeopleearlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment(协调一致)ofthecircadianclock(生物钟)withchangingseasonallightpatterns,"DrCaprasaid,"whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethemostofdaylighthourstohunt."Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsofinsects,plants,andfishhavedevelopeddependingonlatitude.Butthathasn'tbeenwellstudiedinhumans.TheresearcherswantedtoseewhethertherewasageneticreasonfordifferencesincircadianrhythmsbetweenNeanderthalsandmodernpeople,andfound16variants(变异体)associatedwithgreater"morningness".TheysuspectedthatasNeanderthalsandtheancestorsofmodernhumansmated,peopletodaycouldhavefollowedNeanderthal"circadianvariants".Totestthis,scientistsanalysethegeneticsofseveralhundredthousandpeoplefromtheUKBiobankandfoundmanyofthevariantsthataffectsleeppreference."Mostnoticeably,theyfoundthatthesevariantsincreasemorningness,"theresearcherssaid.Thisisconsistentwithwhathasbeenfoundinotheranimalsthathaveadaptedtolivingatahighlatitude,asNeanderthalsdid.8．Whydoestheauthormention"yourpartnerisupwiththelark"inparagraph1?A．Tointroducethefollowingcontext.B．Tocomparetwomorninglifestyles.C．Topraisethosewhogetupearly.D．ToexpressgratitudetoNeanderthals.9．WhatistherootforNeanderthals'morningnessaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Thecapabilityofhuntinganimals.B．ThegenesfromAfricanancestors.C．Theenvironmentathigherlatitudes.D．Thedaylighthoursaroundtheirhabitats.10．Whatcanbeinferredinparagraph4?A．Morningnessinhumanisunlikethatinplants.B．Insects'circadianrhythmsareimpactedbylatitude.C．Scientistshavepreviouslystudiedthegenesofanimals.D．ThegenesofNeanderthalsistheonlyreasonformorningness.11．Howdidresearchersprovetheirsuspection?A．Byanalyzingstatisticsofthesubjects.B．Byobservingpeople'ssleepinghabits.C．Byinterviewingparticipantsintheexperiment.D．Bycomparingsleeppreferenceamonghumanandanimals.阅读理解Lately,it'sfeltliketechnologicalchangehasenteredanincrediblespeed.CompanieslikeOpenAIandGooglehaveunveilednewArtificialIntelligencesystemswithincrediblecapabilities,makingwhatonceseemedlikesciencefictionaneverydayreality.It'sanerathatisraisingbig,existentialquestionsforusall,abouteverythingfromthefutureofhumanexistencetothefutureofhumanwork."Thingsarechangingsofast,"saysErikBrynjolfsson,aleading,technology-focusedeconomistbasedatStanfordUniversity.Ashenotes,thisnewwaveoftechnologicalchangelookslikeitcouldbeprettydifferent.Unlikebefore,experiencedandskilledworkersbenefitedmostlyfromAItechnology.Inthisnewwave,it'sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost."Andthatmightbehelpfulintermsofclosingsomeoftheinequalitythatprevioustechnologiesactuallypromoted,"Brynjolfssonsays.Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis-maybe-theywillimprovetheknow-howandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.Butit'salsopossiblethatAlcouldlowertheprofitoftheexperienced,smart,orknowledgeableones.AIcouldreduceinequalitybybringingthebottomup,anditcouldalsoreduceinequalitybybringingthetopandmiddledown.Ofcourse,asErikput,it'salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.Itcouldalsoempowerbusinessownerstoreplacemoreandmoreworkerswithintelligentmachines.Anditcouldkilljobsforallbutthebestofthebestinvariousindustries,whokeeptheirjobsbecausemaybethey'resuperstarsorbecausemaybetheyhaveseniority.TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudiedandthesesystemsareevolvingfast,sothisisjustanassumption.Thismachineintelligencecouldupendmuchofthepreviousthinkingonwhichkindsofjobswillbeaffectedbyautomation.12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theknow-howandsmarts"meaninparagraph2?A．Experienceandintelligence. B．Skillsandpotential.C．Capacityandexperience. D．Outlookandtalents.13．WhowillgainmoreinthisnewAIera?A．Theseniorwithhighrank.B．TheinexperiencedwithlowcompetenceC．Thelearnedwithgreatcredit.D．Thepoorwithpracticalskills.14．WhichstatementwillErikprobablyagreewith?A．ThefastdevelopmentofAIwillpromotethedivisionofinequality.B．AIGiantswillbethedominatorinthefutureworldofnewAIsystems.C．ThebestofallwalksoflifewillsurvivethecompetitionagainstAIsystems.D．Lowerrankworkerswithlittleknowledgeareboundtobeabandonedbyemployers.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFastGrowthoftheArtificialIntelligenceB．TheInfluenceoftheAIInequalityC．TheImpactoftheArtificialIntelligenceD．TheFutureoftheAIGeneration二、第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkaboutchocolate?AcandybaratHalloween?Icecreamonahotday?ForIbrahim,a12-year-oldboyfromtheWestAfricancountryofGhana,chocolateisnotaboutsweettreats;itisaboutbitterwork.16．Butiftheydid,wewouldlearnthatIbrahimspendshisdaysgrowingandharvestingcocoabeans,fromwhichchocolateismade.Wewouldalsolearnthatheisjustoneofmorethantwomillionchildrenwhoperformthisdifficultlabourinsteadofattendingschool.Tochangetheharmfulpracticeslikethis,somefarmsuseanapproachcalledFairtrade.17．Itaimstocreateadifferentrelationshipbetweenbuyers(chocolatecompanies)andsellers(cocoafarmers)byencouragingfarmerstojointogethertoformasharedbusinesscalledacooperative.Becausefarmersworktogetherinsteadofcompetingwitheachother,theycandemandahigherpricefromthebuyers.18．Consumerslikeyoucanplayaroleaswell.YoucanbuyFairtradechocolateifpossible,pressurecandycompaniestochangetheirlabourpractices,orasklocalstorestosellFairtradeproducts.19．ItisaprogrammerecognizingschoolsthatprovideFairtradeproductsincafeteriasorincluderelatedlessonsincurriculum(课程).ChocolatehasahiddenstorythataffectschildrenlikeIbrahim—childrenwhowantahappyfuturejustlikeyoudo.20．ByenjoyingFairtradeproductsorsimplyspreadingtheword,youcanmakechocolateassweetforallchildrenasitisforyou.A.Youhavethepowertochangethestory.B.Thelabelsonchocolatedonottellhisstory.C.Fairtradeisawayofdoingbusinessthatprohibitschildlabour.D.YoucanalsotakeactionthroughtheFairtradeSchoolsnetwork.E.Onmanyfarms,childrenlikeIbrahimperformdifficultfarmingtasks.F.CocoatreesgrowinthetropicalclimatesofAfrica,LatinAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.G.Withmoreincome,farmerscanpayadultworkersandcansendtheirchildrentoschool.三、语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts(文科)universitythatdoesn'tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.21．,thiswasnotapracticaloption;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwanteda22．educationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibility(灵活性)andavaluesystemto23．meinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmy24．byinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensible25．.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andI26．them.IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohavea(n)27．overthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering"factories"28．theydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobea(n)29．engineer:technicalgenius(天才)andsensitivehumanist(人文学者)allinone.ButnowI'mnotsosure.30．alongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingto31．math,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudents32．effortstoreconcile(协调)engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythathas33．mypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberal-arts34．don'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallythey35．apersoninverydifferentways.However,I'mstilltrying.21．A．Naturally B．Obviously C．Fully D．Basically22．A．broad B．rich C．wide D．formal23．A．tutor B．lead C．guide D．advise24．A．knowledge B．sight C．ability D．vision25．A．arrangement B．dream C．choice D．schedule26．A．believed B．obeyed C．applauded D．satisfied27．A．benefit B．advantage C．appeal D．quality28．A．what B．where C．which D．that29．A．definite B．uniqueC．complete D．extraordinary30．A．Anyhow B．Somehow C．Anywhere D．Somewhere31．A．connect B．combine C．mix D．balance32．A．make B．put C．devote D．apply33．A．delayed B．blocked C．crowded D．cut34．A．actually B．originally C．simply D．specifically35．A．change B．create C．inspire D．shape四、第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。"The2023NobelPrizeinliteraturehasbeenawardedtoJonFosseforhisinnovativeplaysandprosewhichgivevoicetotheunsayable,"theSwedishAcademy36．(announce)inStockholmonThursday.Thecommitteepraisedtheauthor'sstyle,37．hascometobeknownas"Fosseminimalism(极简主义)"."Fossepresentseverydaysituationsthatareinstantlyrecognizableinourownlives,"thecommitteesaid."Hisreductionoflanguageanddramaticactionexpressesthemostpowerfulhumanemotionsof38．(anxious)andpowerlessnessinthesimplestterms."Hismasterpiece—sevenworksgroupedtogetherintoasinglevolumetitled"Septology"—tellsthestoryof39．agingpainterandwidowerwholivesaloneashedealswiththerealitiesofreligion,identity,artandfamilylife."Fossecombinesstronglocalties,bothlinguisticandgeographic,40．modernistartistictechniques,"thecommitteesaid,"41．(list)theIrishplaywrightSamuelBeckettandtheAustrianpoetGeorgTraklamongthosewhoinfluencedhisstyle.""WhileFossesharesthenegativeoutlookofhispredecessors,hisparticularvisioncannotbesaid42．(cause)anihilisticcontempt(虚无主义不屑)oftheworld.Indeed,thereisalsogreatwarmth43．humorinhiswork."thecommitteeadded.ThechoiceofFosseasthisyear'slaureatewilldolittletocountercriticismfromthosewhosaythecommitteerewards44．(Europe)writersattheexpenseofauthorsinothercontinents.Malewritershavealso45．(historical)dominatedtheaward:Ofthe120laureatesinliteratureonly17havebeenwomen.五、写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分46．假定你是高三学生李华，一名海洋爱好者。学校英语读书社邀请你作一个主题为"BeAnOceanLover"的演讲。请你写一份英文演讲稿，内容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.短文的题目已为你写好。BeAnOceanLoverHello,everyone!I'mLiHua,anenthusiasticoceanlover.That'sall.Thankyou六、第二节(满分25分47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Atonetablebythewindow,aladyjustfinishedupherlunch.Itwasn'tanythingfancy,justasandwichandsomesalad,withacupofteatowashthemalldown.Sheseemedtobeinherownlittleworld,staringoutthewindoweverynowandthen,likeshewaswaitingforsomething.Afterabit,shegotup,paidforhermealatthecounter,andleft.Hertablewasstillamesswithbitsofhermealleftbehind.Itwasn'tabigdeal—thishappensallthetime.Buttoday,somethingdifferentwasgoingtohappen.Ayoungboy,wholookedlikehe'dhadaprettyroughtime,hadbeenwatchingherandthetablefromaroundthecorner.Thiskidwasinbadshape.Hisclothesweretoobigandlookedlikethey'dseenbetterdays.Hishairwasallovertheplace,andtherewasdirtonhisface.Hehadthatlookofsomeonewhohadn'thadagoodmealforwaytoolong.Whentheladyleft,hesawhischance.Hequicklysatdownandstartedscarfingdown(狼吞虎咽)theleftoversliketheywerethebestmealhe'deverhad.Butthen,thewaiterwalkedover.Hewasanolderguywho'dprobablyseeneverything.Hedidn'tsayanythingatfirst,justwatchingthekidforasecond.Theboygotscaredandstoppedeating,andtearsstartedtowellupinhiseyes.Hethoughtthewaiterwouldkickhimoutforsure.Instead,thewaitertookawaythehalf-eatenplate,andtheboy'sheartsank.Theboygotuptoleave.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Butbeforehecouldgetfar,thewaitercameback.Thenallpeopleinthecanteenstartedclapping.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了www.vulture.com网站提供的一些有趣的电视剧、歌剧、电视和音乐等文娱资源。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。1．细节理解题。由TV:TheCrown(SeasonSix)中"And,yes,thoseinitialepisodeswilladdressthedeathofPrincessDiana,playedbyElizabethDebicki,atalentedAustralianactress.(是的，最初的几集将讲述戴安娜王妃的去世，戴安娜王妃由澳大利亚天才女演员ElizabethDebicki扮演)"可知，《王冠》会吸引那些喜欢ElizabethDebicki表演的人。故选C。2．细节理解题。由TV:TheCrown(SeasonSix)中"Netflix,November16.(网飞，11月16日)"，OPERA:LatertheSameEvening中"PeterJaySharpTheater,November12,15,and17.(彼得·杰伊·夏普剧院，11月12日、15日和17日)"，MOVIES:FallenLeaves中"Intheaters,November17.(影院，11月17日)"和MUSIC:HeavenKnows中"WarnerRecordsUK,November10.(华纳唱片英国，11月10日)"可知，流媒体服务的共同点在于它们将于11月进入市场。故选A。3．细节理解题。由MUSIC:HeavenKnows中"Thisfall,herfirstcompletestudio-recordedalbum,consistingof13songs,willbereleased.(今年秋天，她的第一张完整的录音室录音专辑，包括13首歌曲，将发行)"可知，HeavenKnows是她的第一张完整的录音室专辑。故选D。【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类的互动基本上受到移动设备的影响，文章指出科技帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧，但同时科技也妨碍了人们的互动。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Whiletechnologyhasdevelopedoverthousandsofyears,thelastcenturyhasseenanexplosionintechnologythathasinfluencedfundamentalchangesinhowhumansseetheworldandinteractwithothers.Specifically,theInternetandmobiledeviceshavecompletelychangedthewaypeopleinteractwitheachother.(虽然技术已经发展了数千年，但上个世纪见证了技术的爆炸式发展，影响了人类看待世界和与他人互动方式的根本变化。具体来说，互联网和移动设备已经彻底改变了人们相互交流的方式)"可知，人类的互动基本上受到移动设备的影响。故选C。5．推理判断题。根据第二段"Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.Inbusiness,officeemployeesandmanagersusetechnologytosendemailstooneanother,whichisconsideredacommunicationskill.Onsocialmedia,justshareafewofyourimagesandpeoplestartcommunicatingonandaboutyourimagesaccordingtotheirviewpoint.WiththeoutbreakofCOVID-19,inordertoworkontheprojects,thestudentsusetheirphonestoreachtheirteachersandclassmates.(毫无疑问，科技正在帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧。在商业中，办公室员工和经理使用技术向彼此发送电子邮件，这被认为是一种沟通技巧。在社交媒体上，只要分享一些你的照片，人们就会开始根据他们的观点来交流你的照片。随着新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，为了完成项目，学生们用手机联系老师和同学)"可推知，第二段通过提供案例来支持观点。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段"LucasLengacher,anundergraduatefromHuntingtonUniversity,claimsinhisarticlethatatleast42.91%peoplerespondtomessagesimmediatelyyetonly2.83%peopledon'tchecktheirphonesinthemorning.Inhisresearchhefoundthat"almost60percentofpeoplefeltdisconnectedfromothersaroundwhentheywereontheirphones".(亨廷顿大学的本科生LucasLengacher在他的文章中称，至少有42.91%的人会立即回复信息，但只有2.83%的人不会在早上查看手机。在他的研究中，他发现"近60%的人在玩手机时感觉与周围的人脱节")"可知，卢卡斯的研究发现当我们在一起的时候，电话切断了我们的联系。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据第二段"Undoubtedly,technologyishelpingpeoplebuildnewerandnecessarycommunicationskills.(毫无疑问，科技正在帮助人们建立更新和必要的沟通技巧)"以及第三段"However,technologyissometimesconsideredtodisconnectpeoplefromothersaroundthem.(然而，科技有时被认为使人们与周围的人脱节)"可推知，作者说明了科技的好处和缺点，即作者对科技的态度是客观的。故选C。【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，尼安德特人的基因影响着生物钟的增加，使他们成为早起的人。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。8．推理判断题。根据第一段"Everwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark(百灵鸟)whileyouarehappilysleepingtillnoon?ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes,accordingtoanewstudy.(你有没有想过，为什么你的伴侣起得很早，而你却在快乐地睡到中午？根据一项新的研究，这可能要归功于尼安德特人的基因)"可知，while表示对比，后面说到你睡到中午，你的伴侣不同，所以，作者提到"你的伴侣起得很早"是为了介绍下面的研究背景。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第三段"Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes(纬度)thanourancestorswhomigratedfromAfrica—furtherawayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter.‘Thegenethatmakespeopleearlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment(协调一致)ofthecircadianclock(生物钟)withchangingseasonallightpatterns,'DrCaprasaid,‘whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethemostofdaylighthourstohunt.'(尼安德特人生活在比我们从非洲迁徙而来的祖先更高的纬度——远离赤道，夏季白昼更长，冬季白昼更短。卡普拉博士说："使人们早起的基因可能使生物钟与季节光照模式的变化更迅速地保持一致，因为尼安德特人能够充分利用白天的时间打猎。")"可知，尼安德特人早起是为了充分利用白天的时间打猎。由此可知，尼安德特人早起的根源是他们栖息地周围的白天时间。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据第四段"Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsofinsects,plants,andfishhavedevelopeddependingonlatitude.(科学家们此前已经探索了昆虫、植物和鱼类的昼夜节律是如何随着纬度的变化而发展的)"可知，昆虫的昼夜节律受到纬度的影响。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Totestthis,scientistsanalysethegeneticsofseveralhundredthousandpeoplefromtheUKBiobankandfoundmanyofthevariantsthataffectsleeppreference."Mostnoticeably,theyfoundthatthesevariantsincreasemorningness,"theresearcherssaid.Thisisconsistentwithwhathasbeenfoundinotheranimalsthathaveadaptedtolivingatahighlatitude,asNeanderthalsdid.(为了验证这一点，科学家们分析了英国生物银行几十万人的基因，发现了许多影响睡眠偏好的变异。研究人员说："最值得注意的是，他们发现这些变异增加了早起的习惯。"这与其他适应高纬度生活的动物的发现是一致的，比如尼安德特人)"可知，研究人员通过分析受试者的统计数据证明他们的怀疑。故选A。【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学家Erik就OpenAI等新兴人工智能公司所触发的新人工智能对人类未来可能产生的影响的研究。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。词句猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。12．词义猜测题。根据第二段"Inthisnewwave,it'sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）"可知，智能机器的一个益处就是提升较低的工作表现者的经验和智力，从而推断出划线短语theknow-howandsmarts在句中意为"经验和智力"，和A项"经验和智力"意思相同。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第二段"Inthisnewwave,it'sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）"可知，在新的人工智能时代受益最多的是经验不足的新人。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据第四段"Ofcourse,asErikput,it'salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.(当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。首先，它可以让拥有这些强大新系统的大型人工智能公司变得非常富有。）"可知，Erik赞同的观点是巨型人工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统世界的赢家。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段"Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywillimprovetheknow-howandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.（因此，智能机器的一个好处是——也许——它们将提高低绩效者的专业知识和智慧，从而减少不平等。）"及第三段"Ofcourse,asErikput,it'salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.（当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。）"及最后一段"TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudied-andthesesystemsareevolvingfast—sothisisjustanassumption."（当然，人工智能的影响仍在研究中，这些系统正在快速发展——所以这只是一个假设。）可知，本文主要通过人工智能对工作者和加剧了社会不平等两个方面讲述了人工智能的影响，C项"人工智能的影响"符合题意。故选C。【答案】16．B；17．C；18．G；19．D；20．A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文中主要讲述了很多儿童从事艰巨的制作巧克力的工作而无法上学，为了改变这种现象，一些农场实行了公平交易政策。作为消费者你也能帮助这些孩子们。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。16．上文"ForIbrahim,a12-year-oldboyfromtheWestAfricancountryofGhana,chocolateisnotaboutsweettreats;itisaboutbitterwork.(对于来自西非国家加纳的12岁男孩易卜拉欣来说，巧克力并不是甜食，而是甜点。这是关于艰苦的工作。)"指出制作巧克力是12岁男孩Ibrahim的艰辛工作，下文"Butiftheydid,wewouldlearnthatIbrahimspendshisdaysgrowingandharvestingcocoabeans,fromwhichchocolateismade.(但如果它们是这样，我们就会了解到易卜拉欣每天都在种植和收获可可豆，然后用可可豆制成巧克力)"是一种假设，由此可知，空处应用与下文内容相反，应该介绍我们无法了解到Ibrahim的情况，B项"巧克力上的标签并没有讲述他的故事。"符合，下文的they代指Thelabelsonchocolate，故选B。17．上文"Tochangetheharmfulpracticeslikethis,somefarmsuseanapproachcalledFairtrade.(为了改变这样的有害做法，一些农场采用了一种称为Fairtrade的方法。)"指出为了严禁雇佣儿童，一些农场使用了叫做Fairtrade的方法，空处承接上文，对此方法进行介绍，C项"Fairtrade是一种禁止童工的经营方式。"符合，故选C。18．上文"Becausefarmersworktogetherinsteadofcompetingwitheachother,theycandemandahigherpricefromthebuyers.(由于农民共同工作而不是相互竞争，他们可以向买家索要更高的价格。)"指出农民共同工作而不是相互竞争，他们可以向买家索要更高的价格，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，G项"有了更多的收入，农民就可以支付成年工人的工资并可以送孩子上学。"符合，承接上文，故选G。19．上文"Consumerslikeyoucanplayaroleaswell.YoucanbuyFairtradechocolateifpossible,pressurecandycompaniestochangetheirlabourpractices,orasklocalstorestosellFairtradeproducts.(像你这样的消费者也可以发挥作用。如果可能的话，你可以购买公平贸易巧克力，向糖果公司施加压力，要求其改变劳工惯例，或者要求当地商店销售公平贸易产品。)"可知，许多儿童从事艰巨劳动而不能上学，对此消费者可以发挥一些作用来帮助他们，上文具体提出了消费者可以做的事，空处也应是具体措施，D项"你还可以通过公平贸易学校网络采取行动。"符合，故选D。20．上文"ChocolatehasahiddenstorythataffectschildrenlikeIbrahim-childrenwhowantahappyfuturejustlikeyoudo.(巧克力有一个隐藏的故事，影响着像易卜拉欣这样的孩子——他们和你一样想要幸福的未来。)"可知，从事艰巨劳动而不能上学的儿童和你一样也想要幸福的未来，下文"ByenjoyingFairtradeproductsorsimplyspreadingtheword,youcanmakechocolateassweetforallchildrenasitisforyou.(通过买公平贸易产品或只是传播这个信息，你可以让巧克力对所有孩子来说都像对你一样甜。)"指出你可以帮助这些孩子——购买公平贸易产品或只是传播公平交易这个信息，由此可知，空处应该是引起下文，指出你能帮助他们，为文中讲述的像Ibrahim这样的孩子从事艰巨劳动而无法上学这样的故事做出一些改变，A项"你有能力改变这个故事。"符合，故选A。【答案】21．B；