北京市西城区2024届高三下学期一模英语试题

北京市西城区2024届高三下学期一模英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass."Ihadamildstutter（结巴）.I'dbe1．togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith'D'or'TH',orImightsay'the'threetimes,"Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto2．.Susanwenthomeand3．howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe4．fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.5．shewasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe'dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn'thavetobeasourceof6．.Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she7．ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga（n）8．hehadhadonherconfidence."Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,"shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto9．herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation.Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe'sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife."Idon'tknowwhereIwould'vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice10．becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I'dliketothankhimforthatkindness."1．A．continuing B．struggling C．pretending D．hoping2．A．share B．express C．find D．bear3．A．taught B．proved C．revealed D．promised4．A．excused B．prohibited C．corrected D．discouraged5．A．While B．Although C．Unless D．Once6．A．jealousy B．worry C．boredom D．loneliness7．A．wanted B．offered C．landed D．created8．A．impact B．idea C．choice D．stress9．A．judge B．contact C．study D．interview10．A．sweet B．loud C．quiet D．deep二、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。语法填空（短文）I'llneverforgetmyfirstvisittoChina.Mumencouragedmetotrydifferentkindsoffood,andIdid!Ilovedeverything.ButjustwhenIthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu.Ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe."Youneedn'ttryit11．youdon'twantto,"Mumsaid.ButI12．（gather）allmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn'tsobad.Itremindedmeofbluecheese,asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeoffoodyoueitherloveorhate.MaybeI13．（fall）inlovewithstinkytofu-someday.语法填空（短文）The5-SecondRulesuggestsfoodisOKtoeatifyoupickitup14．fivesecondsorless.Believeitornot,scientistshavetestedtherule.We'resorrytoreportit'snotnecessarilytrue.Bacteriacanattach15．（it）toyourfoodinstantly,regardlessofhowquicklyit16．（pick）up.Foodleftthereforfivesecondsorlesswillprobablycollectlessbacteriathanfoodsittingthereforalongertime,butfastmaynotbefastenough.Floors,evenclean-lookingones,harborbacteria.Ultimately,ifindoubt.abandonthefood17．（avoid）potentialillness.语法填空（短文）Yourhometowncouldaffectyournavigational（导航的）skills.Newresearchindicatesthatindividuals18．（raise）incitieswithstructuredstreetpatternsmayencounterdifficultiesinnavigationcomparedtothosefromruralareaswithmoreorganiclayouts.Thisconclusionwasdrawnfromastudy19．（involve）playersofamobilegameaboutsea,20．tests3-Dnavigationskills.However,there'shopeforcityresidents:anurbanversionofthegameshowedslightimprovementsforthem.三、第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。阅读理解DiscoveryPassWithaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass,youcan•getunlimitedbookedtraveltomorethan365destinationsontheNSWTrainLinkRegionaltrainandcoachnetwork•chooseapassthatsuitsyourtravelplans:14days,onemonth,threemonthsorsixmonths•chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyourstyle:EconomyorFirstClass（Premium）.PleasenotethatyoucannotbookachildticketonlinewithaDiscoveryPass.Youwillinsteadneedtocall132232orvisitasalesagent.Beforepurchasingapass,pleasereadtherelevanttermsandrules.ANSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassisnon-refundableanditcannotbeassignedtoanotherperson.PricesPasstype14days1month3months6monthsAdultEconomy$232$275$298$420AdultPremium$300$350$400$550ChildEconomy$121$143$154$220ChildPremium$154$176$220$275HowtopurchaseapassandbooktripsStep1:PurchaseaDiscoveryPassChooseatimelimitandclassoftravelthatsuitsyourneeds.Step2:BookyourtripsAfteryoupurchaseaDiscoveryPass,youhaveuptoonemonthtobookyourfirsttrip.Thetimelimitonyourpasswillstartfromthedeparturedateofyourfirstbookedtrip.Alltripsmustbebookedandtakenbeforetheexpiry（到期）dateindicatedonthepass.Youmustbookeachtripbeforeyoutravel.Findoutmoreaboutwaystobookyourticket?Visitourwebsite:https://tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket21．YoucanuseaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassto____.A．bookachildticketonlineB．chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyouC．chooseaweekly,monthlyoryearlypassD．getbookedtraveltounlimiteddestinations22．Ifamotherwithachildwantstobuyaone-monthNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassforEconomyClass,sheshouldpayA．$353 B．$418 C．$693 D．$87623．WhatcanweknowaboutaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass?A．Apasscanbegiventoanotherperson.B．ApasscanberefundedtoNSWTrains.C．Thetimelimitonapassstartsfromthedayofyourpurchase.D．Youshouldbookyourfirsttripwithinonemonthafteryourpurchase.阅读理解Asthisyeardrawstoaclose,IstillrememberthefearIfeltonabrightSaturdaymorninginlateSeptember,atafive-kilometerraceinClarkston,Georgia,asIwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthefinishline.Iknewhecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn'tseehimatthe35-minutemark,Ibegantowonderwhathadgonewrong.Hadhegottenlost?Washehitbyacar?Aboutanhourearlier,whenwedroveintotown,mysonnoticedaninsectonmycar.Itwasbrightgreen,nolongerthanafingernail.Anditwasfriendly.Thislittlegreenthinghoppedontomyson'sfinger,whereitstayedforalong,longtime.Itstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveitaname:LittleFriend.Afewminutesbeforetherace,LittleFriendjumpedoffmyson'shandandlandedonthesidewalk.Butpedestriantrafficwasheavyandunpredictable.LittleFriendwasindanger.Somysonkneltandreachedouthishand.LittleFriendcameback.Theracewasabouttostart,andthetinygreeninsectwasinforawildride.Mysonwouldrunfast,andtheracewouldbelong,andhisarmswouldswing,andLittleFriendwouldeventuallybeshakenoff."YouwillloseLittleFriend,"Itoldhim.Mysonnodded,treatingthemomentwithappropriateseriousness.Theracebegan,andIlostsightofhim.Theexcitementatthefinishlinegavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidnotshowup.Ikeptaskingpeopleifthey'dseenhim.Noonehad.Andbeyondthe40-minutemark,Iwasinapanic.Buttherehewas,thankgoodness,justaheadofthe45-minutemark.AndtherewasLittleFriend,ridingontheuppercrookofhisrightthumblikeaverysmallcaptainonaverytallship.Mypredictionshadbeenwrong.Mysonhadnotrunfast,andhehadnotlostLittleFriend.Andthesetwofactsseemedsomehowrelated.Heblamedacoldhewasgettingover.Isuspecteditwasmorethanthat,butIdidn'tquestionhimtoomuchaboutit.Wewalkedbacktothecar,smiling,andfoundsomebushesintheparkinglotthatseemedlikeagoodplaceformysontodropoffLittleFriend."Befree,"mysonsaid,andgentlyputitinthebushes.Mysonknewthetruth.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,afragile,short-livedtreasureinyourhand.Thereisnoneedtorushahead.Treatitgently.Enjoyeachmoment.Holdonwhileyoucan.Onedaymysonwillleavetoo,runningoffonhisownadventure.24．Howdidthewriterprobablyfeelwhenhefinallysawhissonappearinsight?A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.25．Thesonfailedtorunasfastashisfatherhadexpectedprobablybecause____.A．hewaslostB．hewasrecoveringfromacoldC．hewasafraidtolosethetinyinsectD．hewassloweddownbytheheavytraffic26．AsforthewayhissontreatedLittleFriend,thewriteris____.A．indifferent B．anxious C．appreciative D．doubtful27．Whatwillthewritermostprobablydoaftertherace?A．Treasureeverymomenthehaswithhisson.B．Encouragehissontotakemoreadventures.C．Tellhissontotakeracesseriously.D．Getmoreinsectsforhisson.阅读理解EvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics（伦理标准）ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,"HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?"Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach."AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledtoaddressthenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren'tjustcrucialforaddressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory（先行的）governance,"saidSelinger.Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidlygrowingtechnologiesisSelinger'sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject."OneoftheskillsIbringtothetableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.Wecantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,"saidSelinger.TakingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoingjourneyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-stepapproachforgoodgovernance."AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere'sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingandapplyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,"saidSelinger."SomepeoplearerightlyworriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto'ethicswashing'-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,I'vehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsomeexperts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions."SomeofSelinger'srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,suchasthehumanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocusonpolicy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance（监视）approaches.SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsandresponsibleAI."Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoalstheircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,"saidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture."28．Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause____.A．humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethicsB．itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernanceC．AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutionsD．itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues29．TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould____.A．adoptasystematicapproachB．applyinnovativetechnologiesC．anticipateethicalrisksbeforehandD．establishaccountabilitymechanisms30．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.B．UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.C．Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents'values.D．Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.阅读理解Whilesomeallergies（过敏症）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.ThesecellsproduceadifferentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfectionsButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing.theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells.whichtheynamedMBC2s.thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergiesInanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremore.plentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK.thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,"Lafaillesays.Shealsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient'sallergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment."Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,"saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine."Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies."31．Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?A．ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.B．TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.C．Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.D．Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.32．Whatdoestheword"desensitize"underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Make...lessdestructive. B．Make...lessresponsive.C．Make...lessprotective. D．Make...lesseffective.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams'work?A．MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.B．MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.C．JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.D．Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.34．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearchB．SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentifiedC．UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergiesD．NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies四、第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearintheU.S.35．Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.36．Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlikefantasticgifts.Butitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.37．Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.38．Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andonewaywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby.39．Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouandappreciateyourgiftmore.A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongertimeperiod.G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegiftitself.五、第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornewwaystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorothernaturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirdssingingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsomementalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthatcouldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation（冥想）apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentlewind,andlightrainfall.However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysidetoseebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesoundsthatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?AccordingtoresearchbyCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,evenarecordingofthesoundsofbirdshadaprofoundeffectonpeople'smood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheirwellbeing.So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccessthewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawoodorviasomeheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyoutorelaxafteralong,hardday.40．WhatdidthestudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022find?41．HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.43．Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?（Inabout40words）六、第二节（20分）44．书面表达假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你和你校交换生Jim准备联合参加学校组织的校园文创设计大赛（CampusCulturalandCreativeDesignCompetition）,请给Jim发邮件，内容包括：1.分享你的创意；2.询问Jim的建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．D；3．C；4．A；5．D；6．B；7．C；8．A；9．B；10．C【答案】11．if；12．gathered；13．willfall【答案】14．in；15．itself；16．ispicked；17．toavoid【答案】18．raised；19．involving；20．which【答案】21．B22．B23．D【答案】24．A25．C26．C27．A【答案】28．A29．C30．B【答案】31．D32．B33．C34．D【答案】35．A；36．G；37．C；38．B；39．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三种提高送礼技巧的方法。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。35．根据空前"About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearintheU.S."美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回)"提到，在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回；以及空后"Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays."里有三种方法可以提高你在节日期间送礼物的技巧。提到有三种方法可以改善上述问题，A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?"那么，我们如何才能不那么糟糕呢？"承上启下，符合语境，故选A。36．根据空后"Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.Thoseexclamations."我们想从给予中获得某些东西：那些快乐的表情。那些惊呼。可知，此处是描述送礼者的心理，G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegiftitself."研究表明，送礼者更喜欢拆开礼物那一刻的感觉，而不是礼物本身"符合语境，故选G。37．根据空后"Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor."送人们他们想要的东西就好；以及"Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal."结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够有个性。可知，送给人们他们想要的东西就好，收到意外的礼物会让人觉得不够体贴，不够有个性，所以本段是说如何送最适合的礼物，C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?"那么，你能给别人的最实用的礼物是什么呢？"符合语境，故选C。38．根据空前"AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal."一项研究调查了亚马逊的愿望清单，以确定人们是更喜欢清单上的礼物，还是那些完全出乎意料的礼物。结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够私人。可知，人们收到不在清单上的礼物时会认为这些礼物不够体贴，即人们喜欢收到清单上的礼物，而不是惊喜，B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor."‘惊喜'这个因素被高估了——我们更乐于得到我们相要的东西"符合语境，故选B。39．根据空前"putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby."设身处地为收礼者着想，试着想一些你们共同拥有的东西。也许是对一项运动、喝酒或对其他爱好的热爱。提到，站在收礼物的人的角度去想一些共同的爱好；以及空后"Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare"因为你选择了你们共有的东西。可知，空处是说找到共同的爱好后选择与之相关的礼物，E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest."一旦你们找到了共同的兴趣，就去找一份与这个兴趣相关的有用的礼物"符合语境，故选E。【答案】40．Seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.41．Theycomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditationapps.42．Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehavethesameeffectonpeople'smood.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasothersoundsofnatureboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.•Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehavethesameeffectonpeople'smood.43．略【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现等。

【点评】考查阅读表达。本文涉及细节理解题以及开放性题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。开放性题目要求考生根据所学知识有理有据，条分缕析，逻辑正确，层次分明地答题。40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople."根据伦敦国王学院2022年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类有助于促进人们的心理健康。可知，2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。故答案为Seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation(冥想)apps."国民信托组织进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音和语音冥想应用程序的影响。可知，国民信托是比较了林地声音和有声冥想应用程序的效果来进行这项研究。故答案为Theycomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditationapps.42．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentle