2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题三完形填空第一讲八大技法破解完形填空

专题三完形填空[研高考·辨考向]项目卷别考试年份主题语境文章话题考查体裁篇章词数考点统计动词(短语)名词形容词副词介词(短语)连词新高考全国卷Ⅰ2024人与自我设立适合自己的目标记叙文2328511002023人与社会善行义举记叙文2275820002022人与自我野营奇遇记叙文228553110新高考全国卷Ⅱ2024人与自我定居意大利的原因记叙文2299510002023人与社会宠物公益航班记叙文2217341002022人与自我环球旅行记叙文201473100命题专家有话说1.文章特点：体裁以记叙文为主，偶有考查说明文和议论文；遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。2．命题方式：文章词数200～250；通常首句不设空；四个选项语法形式一致，A、B、C、D的答案个数均等或大致均等。3．命题原则：体现“突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，侧重考查考生在语篇中对词汇上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合运用能力，进而提升考生的思维能力。4．考查特征：主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词及副词)；综合考查考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，包括词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。[抓规律·找依据]第一讲八大技法破解完形填空技法一利用首句，明大意[题型分析]完形填空首句一般不设空，题眼往往出现在文章的开头。考生通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。[技法点拨][典例1](2024·浙江卷1月)Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful41.encounterwithalocalthatalltravelerslongfor......Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he53.showedmejusthowmuchonecangainfrom54withanopenmind,andawillingnessto55.engagewithlocalsfromallwalksoflife.54．A．traveling B．readingC．searching D．teaching[解析]本题可以利用“利用首句，明大意”的技法解答。根据下文中的“withanopenmind,andawillingness”再结合第一段的第一句可知，作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以此处指带着开放的心态旅行。[答案]A技法二瞻前顾后，重语境[题型分析]完形填空着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考生在做完形填空时，应仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意上下文的呼应，对文章进行整体把握。因此，在做题时考生要有全局意识，开头的题目要从下文中找答案，中间的题目要从上下文中查找信息，下文或最后的题目要从上文中找线索。[技法点拨][典例2](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning42.regularly,butthentwothingshappened.41．A．knew B．heldC．won D．quit[解析]本题可以利用“瞻前顾后，上挂下连”的技法解答。根据上文中的“I'vebeenmotivated...byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.”和下文中的“Feelingmotivated”可知，此指是指一个社区朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者从其成就中受到激励。[答案]C技法三词汇复现，定答案[题型分析]完形填空选项的设置，命题人往往通过原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、上下义词复现、代词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时，考生应在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。[技法点拨][典例3]原词复现(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife....First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas43.trainingfora“super,”referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I44.hatedit!Betweenthegirlmakingmy45seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!45.A．advantage B．achievementC．contribution D．influence[解析]本题可以利用原词复现解答。根据上文中的“I'vebeenmotivated...byotherfolks'achievement”可知，作者一直因为其他人的成就而得到或失去动力；又根据上文中的“a52.4-miledoublemarathon”和“15miles”可知，与那个女孩的高强度训练相比，作者跑15英里的成就显得很渺小。achievements与空处是原词复现。[答案]B同源词复现(2024·浙江卷1月)Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45.attendedatwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily...Itwouldhavebeeneasyto51.relyonmyassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.46.A．building B．sweepingC．checking D．guarding[解析]本题可以利用同源词复现解答。根据下文中的“thishighwaybuilder”可知，年轻人是公路建设者。builder与空处是同源词复现。[答案]A同义词复现(2024·全国甲卷)There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncross-leggedunderwaterandholdtheir52.breathwhiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI53.admire—herabilitytoopenher54underwaterandstillsitcomfortablyontheseabed.54.A．hands B．mouthC．eyes D．arms[解析]本题可以利用同义词复现解答。根据上文中的“theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater...watchedallactiongoingonaroundthem”可知，她可以在水下睁开眼。watched与空处是同义词复现。[答案]C上义词复现(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The50.problem：TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch51.51.A．dangers B．eventsC．opponents D．challenges[解析]本题可以利用上义词复现解答。根据上文中的beridinguphillformilesatatime可知，作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，这对作者而言是挑战。challenge是beridinguphillformilesatatime的上义词。[答案]D技法四逻辑关系，解疑难[题型分析]语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，做出符合逻辑的判断。[技法点拨][典例4]并列关系(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Theflightwas53，andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she54.flewwithKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.53.A．unnecessary B．unexpectedC．unavoidable D．uneventful[解析]本题可以利用并列关系解答。根据空格后出现的并列连词and可判定前后语义应该是顺承的，根据下文中的“Tiffywasagreatpassenger”可知，这次飞行是很顺利的。[答案]D转折关系(2024·浙江卷1月)Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45.attendedatwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46.buildinghighwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost47，however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.47.A．typical B．obviousC．natural D．remarkable[解析]本题可以利用转折关系解答。根据本句中的however表示语义转折关系可知，这个年轻人就读两年制职业学校后很快找到了修建高速公路的工作以帮助养家糊口，但是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，由此可推知，这是最非凡的品质。[答案]D因果关系(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Betweenthegirlmakingmy45.achievementseemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI47cycling.Igotabikeandrodealot.47.A．gaveup B．wentonC．turnedto D．dealtwith[解析]本题可以利用因果关系解答。根据上文中的“theonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme”和空前的So可知，作者放弃了跑步，把目标转向了骑自行车。下文中的“Igotabikeandrodealot.”也印证了此处。[答案]C技法五设身处地，揣情绪[题型分析]完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、充满正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人经历的或作者所见所闻的某一件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此考生在做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考虑并体会文意。[技法点拨][典例5](2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.budget.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor42.transportationfortheirdog,Tiffy,and43.desperatelywantedtotakeherwiththem.Itjust44.happenedthatIwasplanninganotherPNPflightwithanotherpilot,Karen,who45.offeredtotakeTiffyfromKansasCitytoVirginia.WhatIwastodowasflytoTopekato46.pickupTiffy....Hewasso55andsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.55．A．thankful B．generousC．proud D．sympathetic[解析]本题可以利用“设身处地，揣情绪”的技法解答。根据上文中对于发生事件的背景介绍，即“夫妇因预算紧张发帖求助运输宠物，作者施以援手”和下文中的“sentmeanicee-mailwithpictures”可知，他对作者非常感激。[答案]A技法六生活常识，巧利用[题型分析]生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文进行解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识的题目。考生要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。[技法点拨][典例6](2024·全国甲卷)There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncross-leggedunderwaterandholdtheir52whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.52．A．secret B．breathC．view D．tongue[解析]本题可以利用“生活常识，巧利用”的技法解答。根据生活常识可知，他们坐在水下，所以会屏住呼吸。[答案]B技法七熟词生义，巧推断[题型分析]一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。考生在备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。[技法点拨][典例7](2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)AsforBailey,sheismore51.confusedaboutwhyheractisconsideredabig52.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't53.leaveher，”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”52．A．game B．problemC．lesson D．deal[解析]本题可以利用“熟词生义，巧推断”的技法解答。根据下文贝利对记者说的话可知，贝利对其他人认为她的行为是一件大事很不理解。deal作为名词，意为“大量、很多”，考生应该非常熟悉，但是deal还有一些不常见的含义，abigdeal意为“一件大/重要的事”。[答案]D技法八语法知识，助解题[题型分析]完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代词，偶有涉及情态动词。[技法点拨][典例8](2024·浙江卷1月)My43.newfriendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe44topracticemyChinese.44．A．chance B．adviceC．trouble D．right[解析]本题可以利用“语法知识，助解题”的技法解答。句意：我的新朋友几乎不说英语，所以我很高兴抓住这个机会来练习中文。根据句意及空处前后的tookthe_____topractice可知，此处构成固定搭配takethechancetodosth.，意为“抓住机会做某事”。[答案]ATest1体裁主题语境难度记叙文身残志不残★★★☆☆(2024·汕头一模)EgyptiantabletennisplayerIbrahimHamadtoudidn'twinamedal,orevenscoreavictory.Buthisdeedhasbecomeoneofthemost1storiesattheTokyo2020ParalympicGames.Hamadtoulosthis2inatrainaccidentwhenhewasjust10yearsold.Butthatdidnot3hisloveofsports.Heusedtoplaybothfootballandtabletennis.Aftertheaccident,hefeltlostandstayed4athomeforthreeyears.Thenhewentbacktofootball,butfootballwastoo5forhim.Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell!Afterseveral6，hefoundthathecouldplaytabletenniswithhismouth.Ittookhimnearlyayearof7toholdtheracket(球拍)withhismouthandmakethe8withhisfeet.HefirstcompetedattheRioParalympics,andwasfinallyabletofulfillhislifelong9ofcompetinginParalympics.Helosthisfirsttwomatches,butdid10therespectofotherplayerslikeDavidWetherill.“He'salegendintabletennis，”saidWetherill.“IknowIwontodaybutIthinkhehas11farmoreskillsthanIhave.”InTokyo,helosttoaChineseplayerandaplayerfromR．O.Korea,12allthecompetitionsathissecondParalympics.However,hehasa(n)13fortheworldaboutwhatdisabilityreallymeans,inhiseyes.“Iwanttotelleverybodythatnothingis14，andeverybodyshouldworkhardforwhatyouloveandwhatyouthinkisgoodforyourself，”hesaid.“The15isnotinarmsorlegs;itisnottosticktowhateveryouwouldliketodo.”【语篇解读】文章通过哈马托的励志故事告诉我们：如果你有坚强的意志力，你就能克服任何困难，并在生活中取得成就。1．A．interesting B．inspiringC．depressing D．surprisingB根据下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”以及“Ittookhimnearlyayearof_____toholdtheracketwithhismouthandmakethe_____withhisfeet.”可知，他的事迹成为2020年东京残奥会的最励志的(inspiring)故事之一。2．A．parents B．legsC．arms D．friendsC根据下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”可知，他失去了双臂(arm)。3．A．reduce B．beatC．lose D．fallA根据下文“Thenhewentbacktofootball”可知，身体的缺陷并未减少(reduce)他对运动的热爱。4．A．inshape B．heldupC．shutup D．incomfortC根据上文“Aftertheaccident,hefeltlost”可知，他感到很失落并把自己关(shutup)在家里长达三年。5．A．intense B．tiringC．noisy D．dangerousD根据下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”可知，足球对没有双臂的他来说很危险(dangerous)。6．A．thoughts B．matchesC．injuries D．attemptsD根据下文“hefoundthathecouldplaytabletenniswithhismouth”可知，几次尝试(attempt)后，他发现自己可以用嘴打乒乓球。7．A．practice B．failureC．waiting D．challengeA根据下文holdtheracketwithhismouth可知，他练习(practice)了将近一年，才能用嘴握拍。8．A．start B．hitC．serve D．ballC根据上文Withnoarms以及holdtheracketwithhismouth可知，他没有双臂，只能用嘴握拍，用脚发球(serve)。9．A．chance B．journeyC．road D．dreamD根据下文competinginParalympics可知，参加残奥会是他的梦想(dream)。10．A．earn B．payC．deserve D．giveA根据下文“He'salegendintabletennis”可知，他虽然比赛失败，但是赢得(earn)了其他球员的尊重。11．A．developed B．adoptedC．demonstrated D．extendedC根据下文“farmoreskillsthanIhave”可知，此处指哈马托在比赛中展示(demonstrate)的球技。12．A．abandoning B．endingC．winning D．joiningB根据上文“InTokyo,helosttoaChineseplayerandaplayerfromR．O.Korea”可知，他输给了一名中国球员和一名韩国球员，结束(end)了比赛。13．A．example B．messageC．quote D．lessonB根据下文“whatdisabilityreallymeans”可知，他向世界传递了“残疾意味着什么”的信息(message)。14．A．unfortunate B．comfortableC．meaningful D．impossibleD根据上文“Ittookhimnearlyayearof_____toholdtheracketwithhismouthandmakethe_____withhisfeet.”可知，他想告诉所有人没有什么是不可能的(impossible)。15．A．disability B．pityC．suffering D．beliefA根据下文notinarmsorlegs可知，残疾(disability)不在于胳膊或腿，而是不坚持。Test2体裁主题语境难度夹叙夹议文家庭的影响★★★☆☆(2024·湖北5月联考)Eachnewgenerationlearnsfromitselders.I'llneverforgetonemomentinmychildhood.WhenIwaseightyearsold,I1adiamondpin(胸针)fromagirlinmydanceclass.Myfather,spottingtheshinyonehehadnot2，foundmeout.Hesatmedownonthefloorofourstudyand3whywhatIhaddonewaswrong.HeworriedthatifIbecameathief,Iwouldcometoabadend.Howstealingcutthedelicatebondsof4thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.Morethanthreedecadeson,thelessonhas5：Idon'tfeeltempted(诱惑)tocutinlineorstealhoteltowels.6leavingastorewearingthetaggedsunglassesI'dtriedongavemethe7formonths.Thoughmychildhoodmemoriesare8，suchmomentsstandout,whenmyparentspassedonvaluestheyhopedI'd9.Theysuppliedastandardof10：totakesomeoneelse'sperspective,to11mymomentarygreedforthegreatergood.Suchimportant12aretherawmaterialeachgenerationusestoformthenext.Yettherangeoffactorsshapingeachgenerationismuch13thanitoncewas.Eldergenerationsstill14youngeronesindeepways,andthatmoulding(塑造)begins,withinthe15，asitalwayshas.【语篇解读】文章通过讲述作者小时候偷胸针被父亲教育的故事，引出更深刻的话题：家庭的影响深远，每一代人都会从上一代中学到很多。1．A．received B．borrowedC．stole D．boughtC根据下文“Heworriedthat...thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.”可知，作者偷(steal)了一枚胸针。2．A．paidfor B．dealtwithC．gaveout D．heardofA根据下文“Heworriedthat...thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.”可知，这枚胸针是作者偷的，父亲并没有为它付钱(payfor)。3．A．warned B．repliedC．complained D．explainedD根据下文“whywhatIhaddonewaswrong”可知，父亲在向作者解释(explain)。4．A．strength B．trustC．friendship D．loveB根据上文“HeworriedthatifIbecameathief,Iwouldcometoabadend.”及常识可知，偷窃会让人失去他人的信任(trust)。5．A．stuck B．begunC．disappeared D．forgottenA根据上文“Eachnewgenerati