2025年译林版九年级英语寒假预习 专题04 Unit 4　Life on Mars

Unit4LifeonMarsplanet[ˈplænɪt]n行星polluted[pə'luːtɪd]adj被污染的rapid[ˈræpɪd]adj快的，迅速的increase[ɪn'kriːs]n增加(all)overagain再；重新passenger['pæsɪndʒə]n乘客ata/thespreadof以…的速度uncomfortable[ʌnˈkʌmftəb(ə)l]adj使人不舒服的；不舒适的form[fɔːm]n形式intheformof以…的形式specially['speʃəli]adv专门地，特地compare[kəmˈpeə]vt比较compareto/with与…相比connect[kə'nekt]vt连接connectto/with与…相连，连接aswell(as)也，还rapidlyadv快地，迅速地circle['sɜːkl]vt围绕；将…圈起来carryout开展；执行risk[rɪsk]n风险，危险afterall毕竟copy[ˈkɒpi]vt抄写；模仿；复制grammar[ˈɡræmə]n语法electronic[ɪlekˈtrɒnɪk]adj电子的thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事becauseofsth因为…largenumbersof…许多，大量的atthespeedof…以…速度intheformof…以…形式three-eighthsof……的八分之三compareAwithB把A与B相比remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事besureaboutsth.对…确定beworriedaboutsth./doingsth.担心…beworthsth./doingsth值得…afterall毕竟keepanEnglishdiary记英语日记prefertodosth.更喜欢做…WelcometotheUnitReading考点1.thinkaboutdoingsth.意为“考虑做某事”相当于considerdoingsth.thinkhighlyofthinklittleof【拓展】thinkof，thinkabout，thinkoverthinkof意为“考虑到，想到”，后常接代词、名词或动词-ing形式。Ioftenthinkofmyfriends.thinkabout意为“考虑...”，可接名词、动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句。Ineedtimetothinkaboutit.thinkover意为“仔细考虑”，后接名词或代词作宾语。当后接代词时，应把代词放在over之前。Wemustthinkoverwhathesaid.考点2.Meneither.==NeitherhaveI.neither作形容词，后接名词单数，意为“（两者中）没有一个”。Neitherbookwasveryinteresting.neither作代词，后接“of+名词”。Neitherofusfeltlikegoingout.neither作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither…nor…结构，意为“既不…也不…”，连接同等的句子成分。当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。NeitherhenorIlikecoffee.考点3.【否定前移】主句主语是第一人称且含有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示观点看法的动词时，宾语从句的否定句应将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。Idon’tthinkIknowyou.否定转移的反意疑问句应与从句的主语与时态保持一致。Idon’tthinkKatecansing,canshe?考点4.gettogetto意为“触及；接触”时，和reach意思相近。getto意为“到达”时，后接地点，相当于reach或arriveat/in。当getto和arriveat/in后接here,there或home等表地点的副词时，省略介词to,at或in。Whendidyouget/arrive/reachhomeyesterday?考点5.moreandmorecrowded越来越拥挤①（单音节)形容词或副词的比较级+and+(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级moreandmore+（多音节）形容词或副词的原级“越来越...”②lessandless+不可数名词fewerandfewer+复数可数名词“越来越少的…”moreandmore+复数可数名词或不可数名词“越来越多的...”③the+形容词或副词的比较级+陈述句，the+形容词或副词的比较级+陈述句“越…，越…”Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.rapid作形容词，意为“快的，迅速的”。HemaderapidprogressinEnglish.他在英语方面取得了很快的进步。考点6.【拓展】rapid，fast＆quickrapid正式用语，只用作形容词，语气较强，常用于表示抽象意义的“快速的”，常指突然或急速（且连续不断的动作）Thediseaseisspreadatarapidrate.fast既可用作形容词又可用作副词，侧重指速度方面“快”Sheranfast.quick常用作形容词，主要表示反应快、动作敏捷，有时还含有“匆忙”之意。Sheateaquickbreakfastandrushedofftowork.考点7.numbersoflargenumbersof意为“许多的，大量的”，相当于alargenumberof，修饰可数名词复数。anumberof意为“一些；许多的；若干的”，相当于many，后接可数名词数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，number前面可以用large或small等词修饰，表示程度。thenumberof意为“...的数量”，后面接可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用数。许多学生正在山上植树。Anumberofstudentsplantingtreesonthehill.正在山上植树的学生数量为20。Thenumberofstudentswhoareplantingtreesonthehill20.考点8.with短语作伴随状语。随着人口的快速增长，地球变得越来越拥挤。Withtherapidincreaseofpopulation,theEarthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowded.with的其他用法：(1)表示“和一起”。Iwillgotothecinemawithmyfriendstonight.(2)表示“用(某种工具)”。Heopenedthedoorwithhiskey.(3)表示“有”。Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.(4)复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中用作状语，表示伴随，其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.考点9.three-eighthsof①分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式，在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符。②分数+of+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后面的名词而定，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Onethirdofthewaterisdirty.Twothirdsoftheworkersinourfactoryareyoungpeople.考点10.preventfromprevent…(from)doing意为“”相当于stop…(from)doing

或keep…fromdoing。stop/prevent后的from可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省。考点11.Comparedwithcomparedwith...compareAwith/toB考点12.way的用法insomewaysbythewayfindone’s/theway(to)loseone’swayonthe/one’sway(to)innowayintheway考点13.aswellasaswellas意为“不但...而且...,既...又...”，相当于notonly...butalso...。当aswellas与主语连用时，在意义上强调前者，谓语动词应与其前的主语保持一致。Heaswellashisfriendslikesgoingshopping.考点14.carryout开展；执行含有out的常用短语：putoutgooutrunoutsetoutlookoutfindoutgiveoutworkouttakeoutbreakoutcomeouthandoutstayoutturnout考点15.prefertoprefertodosth./preferdoingsth.Ipreferreadingromanticbooks.Iprefertothinkofpeace.prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词Imuchpreferjazztorockmusic.Ipreferwalkingtoclimbing.prefertodo...ratherthando...IprefertodoEnglishhomeworkfirstratherthandomathshomework.考点16.insteadinstead做副词，意为“代替，反而”，往往位于句子开头或句子末尾。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”，表示前者代替后者，并带有否定后者的含义，insteadof后可接名词、代词或动名词。I’lltellyouwhat--let’sstayininstead.NowIcanwalktoworkinsteadofgoingbycar.简单句和复合句之间的转换(二)一.用介词短语把状语从句转换为简单句1.由when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句,可以用相应的介词短语来代替。例如:We’llplayfootballwhenschoolisover.→We’llplayfootballafterschool.放学后我们要踢足球。Youmustwashyourhandsbeforeyouhavemeals.→Youmustwashyourhandsbeforemeals.吃饭前你必须洗手。2.由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,可以用由without构成的介词短语来代替。例如:Peoplecan’tliveifthereisnoairorwater.→Peoplecan’tlivewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水,人类不能生存。3.由because引导的原因状语从句,可以用由becauseof构成的介词短语来代替。例如:Wedidn’tgotherebecauseitrainedheavily.→Wedidn’tgotherebecauseoftheheavyrain.由于下大雨,我们没有去那里。4.由(as...)as引导的比较状语从句,有时可以用“beofthesame+名词”结构来代替。例如:LilyisasoldasLucyis.→LilyandLucyareofthesameage.莉莉和露西年龄一样大。二.用介词短语把宾语从句转换为简单句某些动词后的宾语从句可以转换为“介词+名词/动名词(短语)”的形式。例如:Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.他坚持要和我们一起去。Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.那个可怜的男孩不知道他出生的时间和地点。三.用介词短语把定语从句转换为简单句有些定语从句可以转换成由with,in等构成的介词短语作后置定语。例如:Heisamanwhohasalotofmoney.→Heisamanwithalotofmoney.他是个有钱人。一.将下列复合句改为简单句1.Areyousurethattheyareinterestedinit?Areyousure?

2.I’veremindedhimwhenwewillhavetheparty.I’veremindedhim.

3.AtHalloweenyouwillseelotsofpeoplewhowearspecialcostumes.AtHalloweenyouwillseelotsofpeople.

4.Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepianowhenhewasfouryearsold.Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepiano.

5.Heworksevenharderthanbeforesothathecangotoagoodcollege.Heworksevenharderthanbeforegotoagoodcollege.

二.将下列简单句改为复合句1.Shecouldn’tgotobedearlybecauseoftoomuchhomework.Shecouldn’tgotobedearlytoomuchhomework.

2.Hecan’tworkouttheproblemwithouthelp.Hecan’tworkouttheproblemhelp.

3.Iwanttobuyahousewithabiggarden.Iwanttobuyahouseabiggarden.

4.Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirtthere?Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirtthere?

5.Shelearnttodanceattheageofsix.Shelearnttodancesixyearsold.

三.句型转换,每空一词1.Areyousureabouttheirinterestinthemagazine?(改为复合句)Areyousurethemagazine?

2.MikewenttostudyinBeijingwhenhewasten.(改为简单句)MikewenttostudyinBeijingten.

3.Doyouknowtheboyinablackcoatoverthere?(改为复合句)Doyouknowtheboyablackcoatoverthere?

4.Theteachertoldthechildren.Thesungoesupintheeasteveryday.(合并成一句)Theteachertoldthechildrenthesunupintheeasteveryday.

本单元的话题是“在火星上生活”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能用“will/begoingto+动词原形”结构来描述将来会发生的事;2.能用比较级来描述现在生活与未来火星上生活的差异;3.能结合题干和自己的想象,表达自己对于在火星上生活的态度。写作指导本单元的写作内容是写一篇在火星上居住的生活指南。我们的生活环境越来越拥挤,环境污染也越来越严重。学生可以想象未来人类生活在火星上的一些情况,可以围绕衣、食、住、行等方面列一个写作提纲,然后根据提纲写作。常用短语:airtank氧气罐driedfood干粮powerpack电源包sleepingbag睡袋intheformof以……的形式comparewith与……相比carryout执行常用句型:Peoplewillhave...todo.Youcanplaygames...Itisimpossibleto...That’swhy...TherearebillionsofstarsintheGalaxy.TherearesomedifferencesbetweentheEarthandMars.Ithinkspacetravelwillmakethemfeelveryuncomfortable.例题讲解由于地球愈来愈拥挤,将来我们有可能移居火星。请根据要点提示以“LifeonMarsinthefuture”为题,写一篇英语短文来描述将来在火星上的生活情况。要点:1.因为火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三,所以人们出去不得不穿特制的靴子以免他们飘浮进入太空;2.人们将有更多空间,他们将住在大而舒服的房间里;3.人们能有更多的时间放松,因为机器人做了大部分工作;4.火星上的食物将是药片的形式,没有地球上的食物可口;5.火星上没有学校,每个学生将有一台和星际(interplanetary)网络相连的电脑,他们将在网络学校和电子老师一起学习;6.航天飞机速度很快,但不是很舒服。LifeonMarsinthefuture写作迁移假如现在是2092年,你是Kate,生活在火星上;你的朋友Jim现在在地球上,他即将来火星生活。请你写一封100词左右的信,向他介绍你在火星上的生活。总体感觉比地球上的生活更舒服、更有趣学习方面没有学校,通过电脑在网上学校学习、完成作业、考试和与老师同学交流生活方面更多的生活空间,更多的闲暇时间,有机器人帮忙做大部分的家务环境介绍环境优美,处处是绿树鲜花,没有任何污染生活设施住宅附近有大型超市,购物很方便注意事项:(1)信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;(2)信中须涉及上述几个方面的内容,可适当增加相关细节,使意思表达更加完整。DearJim,Now,I’mwritingalettertoyouonMars.It’sreallywonderfultoliveonMars.Yours,Kate一一.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空1.The(dry)vegetablesdon’ttasteasgoodasthefreshones.2.—Doyoudrinkmuchcoffeeasbefore?—No.Nowmy(sleep)problemisgettingbetter.

3.Tomakeagreenworld,weshouldtrytoreduceair(pollute)bywalkingmoreanddrivingless.

4.Ihated(play)thepianowhenIwasyoung.二.单项选择5.TheEarthisoftencalledtheoceanplanet.About70percentofitssurfaceis.

A.landB.planetsC.animalsD.water6.TheonMarsisaboutthree-eighthsofthatontheEarth.

A.gravityB.foodC.qualityD.weight7.—HowniceitisthatLucyhasbeeninvitedtothepartytoo!—Well,Lucynotcome.Sheisnotcertainwhetherhermotherwillallowherto.

A.mightB.wouldC.mustD.need三.根据汉语意思完成句子8.在火星上,你能比在地球上跳得高。onMarsthan.

9.我的家人正在考虑明年买新房子的事情。Myfamilyanewhousenextyear.

10.我原以为你喜欢踢足球。但事实上,你喜欢打篮球。Iplayingfootball.Butinfact,youlikeplayingbasketball.

11.许多年轻人梦想着在月球上行走。ManyyoungpeopleontheMoon.

二一.根据句意及汉语提示或首字母提示写出单词1.Icouldn’tfallasleepbecausethebedwasso(不舒服的).

2.Dear(乘客),welcometoXinjiekoustation,pleasetakecareoftheeldersandchildren.

3.Somemeasuresmustbetakentocontrolthe(增长)ofthepopulationintheworld.

4.—Howmany(行星)arethereinthesolarsystem?

—Thereareeight.5.(被污染的)airdoesharmtoourhealth.It’snecessaryforustokeeptheairfreshandclean.6.TodayisHelen’sbirthday.Hermotherboughtthecake(专门地)forher.

7.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbecomingmoreandmorecandpolluted.8.Don’t(比较)yourchildrenwithothers.Justletthembethemselves.9.WefeelproudthatNantonghasdeveloped(更快地)theseyearsthanbefore.

二.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空10.Peoplelivingorworkingwithsmokerscanfindit(comfort)towearcontactlenses(隐形眼镜)becausethesmokecausesirritation(刺激).

11.Audiobooks(有声读物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing(rapid).

12.Thegovernmentistakingactiontopreventtheforestfirefrom(spread).

13.TheBeltandRoadInitiativeishelpfulforthe(develop)oftheInternationaltrade.

14.ZhaiZhigang,togetherwithWangYapingandYeGuangfu(have)returnedfromthespacestationsafely.

三.首字母填空根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。Whenwelookupattheshiningstarsonaclearnight,wesometimescan’thelpwondering:Istherelifeonotherp15orarewereallyaloneintheuniverse(宇宙)?Alotofscientistshavetriedandarestilltryingtofindoutanswerst16thesequestions.Someofthemarec17outaprogrammecalledSETI(外星智能探索).TheymeetatAreciboObservatoryinPuertoRico.There,theyusealargeantenna(天线)andhopethattheywillmakec18withotherlifeformsfromouterspace.

Theantennaisover300metreswide.Itlooksform19fromtheuniverse.Ifthereislifesomewhereintheuniverse,itwillprobablysendoutsomeradiosignals.Thisantennawillpickthemup.

15.16.17.18.19.

三一.选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空human,crowd,advantage,spacecraft,harm1.Ouraresosmallthattheycan’tcarrylotsofpeopletoMars.2.WethinkourEarthwillbemoreinthefuture.3.WeallknowtherearelotsofoflivingonMars,sowewon’tmoveoutoftheEarthtoMars.

4.Withoutairorwater,can’tsurvive.

5.Nuclearpowerwilldotohumansifimproperlyused.

二.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空6.Therewillbelittlespaceforpeople(live)inthefuture,willthere?

7.Readinginthesun(do)harmtoyoureyes.

8.Eddiealwaysworriesabout(have)foodtoeat.(E9204002)

9.It’shardtoimagine(live)inaplacewheretherearenocars.

10.—Didyougotothefarmtovisityourgrandparentsyesterday?—No,wedidn’t.It(put)offbecauseofanunexpectedguest.

三.根据汉语意思完成句子11.一些人可能会因为生活在那儿而生病。Somepeoplemightthere.

12.我不确定这件事是否值得冒险。Iamnot.

13.你应该对这些学生宽容一点儿。毕竟他们还都是孩子。Youshouldgoeasyonthesestudents.,theyarekids.

14.我们原以为他看见老虎不会害怕。Wethoughtthathethetiger.

15.我想知道是否会有许多人愿意移居到火星上去。(E9204003)IwonderifMars.

四.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空16.Whatgreatand(amaze)progressourcountryhasmadeinthelastfewyears!

17.It’sreportedthatthousandsofbooks(store)inacomputer’smemorynow.

18.OurEarthisbecomingmoreandmore(pollute)becauseoftherapidincreaseinpopulation.

19.Iprefer(stay)athomethanplayfootballwithmyfriendsbecauseitistoohotoutside.

20.It’sexciting(play)basketballwiththebasketballstar.

能力提升一RespectingteachershasalwaysbeenatraditioninChina.YangShiwasaphilosopher（哲学家)intheNorthernSongDynasty.Oneday,heandhisschoolmateshaddifferentopinionsonaquestion.Togeta1answer,hewenttovisitChengYi,thefamousphilosopher.AtCheng’shouse,2,theguardingkidtoldhimthatMr.Chengwasmeditating（冥想)inhisroomandaskedhimtogoback.Yang3toleave,sothelittleboylefthimaloneandwentin.Afterawhile,itbegantosnow4.ThelittleboycameoutagainandremindedYangthatMr.Chengmightspendthewholeafternoonmeditating.HeinvitedYangto5himselfinthehousetoavoidthewindandsnow.ButYangkeptstandinginthesnowandwaitingoutsideinorderthathecouldaskCheng’s6onthequestion.AssoonasChengfinishedmeditating,theboyreportedthatYangwaswaitingoutside.When7this,ChengcameouttoseeYang.Whenthedoorwasopened,everyonewas8.Thesnowwasmorethanafootdeep,butYangstoodstill,9movinghisfeet.“Youngman,whyareyousosilly?Youcouldhavecomeagainsomeday!”ChengtookYangtotheroomatonce.“Asastudent…ifIwanttolearnfromtheteacher…Ishould…ofcourse…respectfullywaitoutside…”saidYang,shakingwithcold.ChengwasveryhappyandacceptedYangashisstudentbecauseofYang’spolitenessandefforttolearn.HetaughtYangallhisphilosophicalthoughts.Thatmadeabig10toYang’slife.Later,Yangreallylearnedalotandmadegreatcontributions(贡献)tohiscountry.1．A．similar B．wrong C．correct D．difficult2．A．however B．besides C．anyway D．instead3．A．hoped B．agreed C．refused D．wanted4．A．heavily B．early C．deeply D．wisely5．A．hide B．find C．cool D．warm6．A．method B．rule C．record D．opinion7．A．seeing B．hearing C．feeling D．receiving8．A．excited B．relaxed C．shocked D．interested9．A．by B．with C．on D．without10．A．choice B．difference C．decision D．plan二Inafarawayland,deepwithinamysterious(神秘的)forestknownastheWhisperingGrove(风语林),ahiddensecretwaitedfordiscovery.Thismagicalforestwasfullofwonders,wheretalltreesquietlysharedancientstories,andshinyriversheldsecrets.Inavillagenearby,therelivedacuriousgirlnamedElara.Shelovedtolearnandwasverybrave.Oneday,shefoundanoldbookwithstrangemarksandquestionsinside.PeoplebelievedthebookshowedthewaytoahiddentreasuredeepintheWhisperingGrove—atreasurethatcouldmakeanywishcometrue.Elaradecidedtobeginanadventuretofindthisspecialtreasure.Withthebookasherguide,sheenteredthechallengingforest.Theancienttreeswatchedherclosely,andthedancingriverssangsecrets.Asshejourneyeddeeperintotheforest,Elarafacedchallengesthattestedherabilitytothinkquicklyandsolveproblems.Shemetacleverfox,awiseturtle,andastrictlion.Eachexperiencetaughtherimportantlessonsaboutcourage,patience,andcleverthinking.Butasshenearedtheplaceofthetreasure,Elararealizedsomethingmoreimportant.Therealtreasurewasn’twhatshesearchedfor;itwasthejourneyitself.Intheend,shereachedthetreasuresite,onlytofindasimple,shiningstone.Itdidn’tofferwishes,butitheldamagicthatcouldnotbeseenortouched—areminderthatthejourneyandthelessonswerethetruetreasuresoflife.Elarareturnedtohervillageandsharedheradventure.Herstory,“TheMagicalForestJourney,”whichbecameafavoritestory,passeddowntoothers.1．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A．Introducingthestory’smaincharacter.B．IntroducingtheWhisperingGrove.C．TellingusabouttheweatherintheWhisperingGrove.D．TellingusaboutthehistoryoftheWhisperingGrove.2．WhydidElaragoontheadventure?A．Tofindthespecialbook. B．Toexploretheancientforest.C．Tofindthehiddentreasure. D．Tomeetthestrangeanimals.3．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutElara’sjourney?A．Shefacedchallengesthattestedherskills. B．Theforestwasdarkanddangerous.C．Shefoundatreasureofgold. D．Herstorywasforgotteninhervillage.4．Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a.Elarafoundashiningstoneatthetreasuresite.b.Elara’sstorywassharedinhervillage.c.Elarafoundanoldbookwithmarksandquestions.d.Elarafaceddifficultiesandsolveproblems.e.ElarastartedatreasurehuntintheWhisperingGrove.A．c-e-a-d-b B．c-e-d-a-b

C．b-e-c-d-a

D．b-d-e-c-a5．What’sthekeylessonElaralearned?A．Bekindandhelpful. B．Thejourneyisthetruetreasure.C．Friendshipandteamworkmatter. D．Learnaboutyourself.三阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。Bornin701,LiBaiwasoneofthegreatestpoetsoftheTangDynasty.1theageof24,helefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundChina.Throughout2(he)life,hewrotemorethanonethousandpoemsaboutnature“ToWangLun”wasoneofLiBai’spoems,whichwasabouthisfriendshipwithWangLun,3importantpersontohim.ItissaidthatWangLunrespectedLiBaiforhistalentanddreamtof4(see)him.WhenheheardthatLiBaiwastravellingtoaplacenearby,hewrotealettertoLiBai5invitedhimtovisithishometown.Intheletter,WangLunpicturedhishometownashavingpeachflowersextendingtenliandtenthousandwinehouses.LiBaicouldn’tfindthescenesdescribedbyWangLun6hearrived.WangLunexplainedthat“peachflowers”wasthenameofapoolofwaterandWangwasthefamilynameofthewinehouse7(own).LiBailaughedaboutWangLun’slittletrick.HeunderstoodthatWangLun8(true)wantedtoseehimandthetwobecamegoodfriends.It9(know)thatLiBaiandtheotherpoetsoftheTangDynastyhaveleftmanygreatpoemstous.Togethertheycreatedthe“10(gold)age”ofclassicalChinesepoetryandtheywillalwaysberememberedbyChinesepeople.

Unit4LifeonMarsplanet[ˈplænɪt]n行星polluted[pə'luːtɪd]adj被污染的rapid[ˈræpɪd]adj快的，迅速的increase[ɪn'kriːs]n增加(all)overagain再；重新passenger['pæsɪndʒə]n乘客ata/thespreadof以…的速度uncomfortable[ʌnˈkʌmftəb(ə)l]adj使人不舒服的；不舒适的form[fɔːm]n形式intheformof以…的形式specially['speʃəli]adv专门地，特地compare[kəmˈpeə]vt比较compareto/with与…相比connect[kə'nekt]vt连接connectto/with与…相连，连接aswell(as)也，还rapidlyadv快地，迅速地circle['sɜːkl]vt围绕；将…圈起来carryout开展；执行risk[rɪsk]n风险，危险afterall毕竟copy[ˈkɒpi]vt抄写；模仿；复制grammar[ˈɡræmə]n语法electronic[ɪlekˈtrɒnɪk]adj电子的thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事becauseofsth因为…largenumbersof…许多，大量的atthespeedof…以…速度intheformof…以…形式three-eighthsof……的八分之三compareAwithB把A与B相比remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事besureaboutsth.对…确定beworriedaboutsth./doingsth.担心…beworthsth./doingsth值得…afterall毕竟keepanEnglishdiary记英语日记prefertodosth.更喜欢做…WelcometotheUnitReading考点1.thinkaboutdoingsth.意为“考虑做某事”相当于considerdoingsth.thinkhighlyof对...高度评价thinklittleof轻视...；对...不假思索【拓展】thinkof，thinkabout，thinkoverthinkof意为“考虑到，想到”，后常接代词、名词或动词-ing形式。Ioftenthinkofmyfriends.thinkabout意为“考虑...”，可接名词、动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句。Ineedtimetothinkaboutit.thinkover意为“仔细考虑”，后接名词或代词作宾语。当后接代词时，应把代词放在over之前。Wemustthinkoverwhathesaid.考点2.Meneither.==NeitherhaveI.neither作形容词，后接名词单数，意为“（两者中）没有一个”。Neitherbookwasveryinteresting.neither作代词，后接“of+名词”。Neitherofusfeltlikegoingout.neither作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither…nor…结构，意为“既不…也不…”，连接同等的句子成分。当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。NeitherhenorIlikecoffee.考点3.【否定前移】主句主语是第一人称且含有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示观点看法的动词时，宾语从句的否定句应将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。Idon’tthinkIknowyou.否定转移的反意疑问句应与从句的主语与时态保持一致。Idon’tthinkKatecansing,canshe?考点4.gettogetto意为“触及；接触”时，和reach意思相近。getto意为“到达”时，后接地点，相当于reach或arriveat/in。当getto和arriveat/in后接here,there或home等表地点的副词时，省略介词to,at或in。Whendidyouget/arrive/reachhomeyesterday?考点5.moreandmorecrowded越来越拥挤①（单音节)形容词或副词的比较级+and+(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级moreandmore+（多音节）形容词或副词的原级“越来越...”②lessandless+不可数名词fewerandfewer+复数可数名词“越来越少的…”moreandmore+复数可数名词或不可数名词“越来越多的...”③the+形容词或副词的比较级+陈述句，the+形容词或副词的比较级+陈述句“越…，越…”Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.rapid作形容词，意为“快的，迅速的”。HemaderapidprogressinEnglish.他在英语方面取得了很快的进步。考点6.【拓展】rapid，fast＆quickrapid正式用语，只用作形容词，语气较强，常用于表示抽象意义的“快速的”，常指突然或急速（且连续不断的动作）Thediseaseisspreadatarapidrate.fast既可用作形容词又可用作副词，侧重指速度方面“快”Sheranfast.quick常用作形容词，主要表示反应快、动作敏捷，有时还含有“匆忙”之意。Sheateaquickbreakfastandrushedofftowork.考点7.numbersoflargenumbersof意为“许多的，大量的”，相当于alargenumberof，修饰可数名词复数。anumberof意为“一些；许多的；若干的”，相当于many，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，number前面可以用large或small等词修饰，表示程度。thenumberof意为“...的数量”，后面接可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。许多学生正在山上植树。Anumberofstudentsareplantingtreesonthehill.正在山上植树的学生数量为20。Thenumberofstudentswhoareplantingtreesonthehillis20.考点8.with短语作伴随状语。随着人口的快速增长，地球变得越来越拥挤。Withtherapidincreaseofpopulation,theEarthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowded.with的其他用法：(1)表示“和一起”。Iwillgotothecinemawithmyfriendstonight.(2)表示“用(某种工具)”。Heopenedthedoorwithhiskey.(3)表示“有”。Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.(4)复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中用作状语，表示伴随，其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.考点9.three-eighthsof①分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式，在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符。②分数+of+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后面的名词而定，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Onethirdofthewaterisdirty.Twothirdsoftheworkersinourfactoryareyoungpeople.考点10.preventfromprevent…(from)doing意为“阻止或避免发生某事”相当于stop…(from)doing

或keep…fromdoing。stop/prevent后的from可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省。考点11.Comparedwithcomparedwith...与...相比compareAwith/toB把A和B相比较考点12.way的用法insomeways在某些方面，在某种程度上bytheway顺便提一下，顺便问一下findone’s/theway(to)找到…的路loseone’sway迷路onthe/one’sway(to)在去…的路上innoway一点儿也不,决不intheway挡道，妨碍别人考点13.aswellasaswellas意为“不但...而且...,既...又...”，相当于notonly...butalso...。当aswellas与主语连用时，在意义上强调前者，谓语动词应与其前的主语保持一致。Heaswellashisfriendslikesgoingshopping.考点14.carryout开展；执行含有out的常用短语：putout扑灭goout出去runout用完，耗尽setout出发；开始lookout留神，当心findout查明；弄清楚giveout分发workout解决；算出takeout拿出，取出breakout爆发comeout出版；发行handout分发stayout待在户外；（晚上)不回家turnout原来是，结果是考点15.prefertoprefertodosth./preferdoingsth.更喜欢…Ipreferreadingromanticbooks.Iprefertothinkofpeace.prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词与…相比更喜欢…Imuchpreferjazztorockmusic.Ipreferwalkingtoclimbing.prefertodo...ratherthando...宁愿做…而不是做…IprefertodoEnglishhomeworkfirstratherthandomathshomework.考点16.insteadinstead做副词，意为“代替，反而”，往往位于句子开头或句子末尾。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”，表示前者代替后者，并带有否定后者的含义，insteadof后可接名词、代词或动名词。I’lltellyouwhat--let’sstayininstead.NowIcanwalktoworkinsteadofgoingbycar.简单句和复合句之间的转换(二)一.用介词短语把状语从句转换为简单句1.由when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句,可以用相应的介词短语来代替。例如:We’llplayfootballwhenschoolisover.→We’llplayfootballafterschool.放学后我们要踢足球。Youmustwashyourhandsbeforeyouhavemeals.→Youmustwashyourhandsbeforemeals.吃饭前你必须洗手。2.由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,可以用由without构成的介词短语来代替。例如:Peoplecan’tliveifthereisnoairorwater.→Peoplecan’tlivewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水,人类不能生存。3.由because引导的原因状语从句,可以用由becauseof构成的介词短语来代替。例如:Wedidn’tgotherebecauseitrainedheavily.→Wedidn’tgotherebecauseoftheheavyrain.由于下大雨,我们没有去那里。4.由(as...)as引导的比较状语从句,有时可以用“beofthesame+名词”结构来代替。例如:LilyisasoldasLucyis.→LilyandLucyareofthesameage.莉莉和露西年龄一样大。二.用介词短语把宾语从句转换为简单句某些动词后的宾语从句可以转换为“介词+名词/动名词(短语)”的形式。例如:Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.他坚持要和我们一起去。Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.那个可怜的男孩不知道他出生的时间和地点。三.用介词短语把定语从句转换为简单句有些定语从句可以转换成由with,in等构成的介词短语作后置定语。例如:Heisamanwhohasalotofmoney.→Heisamanwithalotofmoney.他是个有钱人。一.将下列复合句改为简单句1.Areyousurethattheyareinterestedinit?Areyousureabouttheirinterestinit?

2.I’veremindedhimwhenwewillhavetheparty.I’veremindedhimof/aboutthetimeoftheparty.

3.AtHalloweenyouwillseelotsofpeoplewhowearspecialcostumes.AtHalloweenyouwillseelotsofpeopleinspecialcostumes.

4.Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepianowhenhewasfouryearsold.Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepianoat(theageof)four.

5.Heworksevenharderthanbeforesothathecangotoa