期末复习 专题05 重点语法及专练（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE14重点语法及专练定语从句定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1.关系词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语时)。关系副词：when,where,why（句子中缺次要成分：状语时）。►Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的那个人吗？►Sheisthewomanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.她就是我昨天见的那个女人。►Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalargepopulation.中国是一个拥有很多人口的国家。►Thee-mailthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.昨天我收到的电子邮件是我姐姐寄来的。►Iknowadoctorwhosesonismyclassmate.我认识一位医生，他的儿子是我的同班同学。►Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。►Ishallneverforgetthedayswhen(onwhich)weworkedonthefarm.我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。►Qingdaoistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.青岛是我的出生地。►Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer.这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由。2.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。►Heisthemanwho/whom/thatIsawyesterday.（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语）他是昨天我见到的那个人。2）whose用来指人或物，只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换。1）who,whom,that指代人，who,that在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。►Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）他是你想要见的►Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen/thecoverofwhichisgreen.请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。3）which,that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。►Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。4）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。►Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?他是想要见你的那个人吗？3.只能用that不能用which的情况。1）先行词是everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much等不定代词时。►Heneverreadanythingthatwasnotworthreading.他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery等词修饰时。►I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。

3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。►ItisthefirstAmericanfilmofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。[来源:学#科#网]4）先行词由人和物共同组成时。►Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就4.关系代词as和which的用法区别。1.as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。2.as可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有＂正如＂之意；which可以表主从句之间的因果关系。►Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。►Hewasalwayslate,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.他总是迟到，这让他的老师非常生气。【典例】Achild_________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.which B.whoseC.whereD.with随堂练习一、用适当的关系代词填空。

1.Iprefershoes______arecool.

2.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything________ismissing.

3.Thesearethebeststamps_______Katehasgivenme.

4.Thebuildingin______youliveiscomfortable.

5.—Iseverything______weneedtododone?

—Yes.Youneedn’tworryaboutit.

6.Theman______standsoverthereismyChineseteacher.

7.Iwanttoreadallthebooks______werewrittenbyGuoJingming.

8.Thebook______hasaredcoverisastorybook.二、用＂who＂或＂that＂填空。1.Theman________istalkingwithmymotherismyfather.2.Heistheonlyman________wearsahat.3.Iknowtheman______isamodelworker.4.Ican’tfindahouse_______issuitableforustolive.5.Isthereazoo_______wecanseetigersaroundhere?三、将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有that或which引导的定语从句的复合句。1.Thepotisveryexpensive.Itwasusedbymymomyesterday._________________________________________________________________________________________2.Themagazineismine.Youreaditthismorning._________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thedogiscute.Tomislookingafterit.__________________________________________________________________________________________4.Thatisthemostinterestingfilm.Shehasseenthefilm.__________________________________________________________________________________________四、选用that,who,whom或which填空。1.Thegirl_______________yousawatthemeetingisagoodswimmer.2.Thetown___________wevisitedafewyearsagoismuchlargerthanbefore.3.April1stisaday____________iscalledAprilFools’Day.4.Thegirl___________oftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromNo.8MiddleSchool.五．句型转换。1.Thegirlismycousin.Thegirliswearingglasses.（改为定语从句）Thegirl_______________wearingg1assesismycousin.2.ZhaizhigangbecamethefirstChineseastronauttowalkinspace.(改为定语从句)ZhaizhigangbecamethefirstChineseastronaut______________________________inspace.3.Thegirlwithaflowerinherhandismysister.(改为含定语从句的复合句)Thegirl______________________________aflowerinherhandismysister.4.That’squiteabeautifulhouse.Iusedtoliveinit.(合并成含有定语从句的复合句)Thehouse_______________Iusedtolivein_______________quitebeautiful.5.Themanwithapairofglassesismyphysicsteacher.(改为定语从句)Theman______________________________apairofglassesismyphysicsteacher.被动语态句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向一：被动语态的句型考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他Historyismadebythepeople.历史是人们创造的。一般过去时主语+was/were+过去分词+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.这封信是用英语写的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语+willbe+过去分词+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作将保留到你回来。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一条新铁路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时过去分词+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语+hadbeen+过去分词+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词过去分词+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的体温应该一天量两次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三：被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者Howisthiswordpronounced?这个单词怎么发音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四：主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语+谓语动词+宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by+主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他们经常在课后问一些问题。直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语+宾语+宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我们叫他李华。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五：主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.这辆自行车需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：beseated坐着，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦)1.It’ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage______________themostwidely______________(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy______________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.6.Thestudents______________often______________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits______________(sell)inthisshop.9.—What______________knives______________(make)of?—They______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine______________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom______________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t______________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes______________(sell)well.15.Howlong______________youruncle______________(be)inthecity?16.Thefood______________(smell)delicious.二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)______________people______________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)Abirthdaypresent________________________________________________________bymyparentseveryyear.3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How____________________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong__________________________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It__________________________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal__________________________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)I________________________________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch__________________________________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)______________abridge______________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)Thelightgreendresses__________________________________________out.11.Wecallthegame＂Lianliankan＂.(改为被动语态)Thegame____________________________＂Lianliankan＂byus.三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。①Thenewbike________________________________________________________(买给我)bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.②______________yourmobilephone__________________________________________(是国产的吗)?③Thewholemountainis____________________________(覆盖)thesnow.三．状语从句状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。状语从句的分类从句的引导词例句时间状语从句when/while/as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从……以来),not...until(直到……才),assoonas(一……就……)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamein.当我爸爸进来的时候我正在做作业。Hedidnotgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.直到爸爸回来他才上床睡觉。条件状语从句if(如果),aslongas(只要),unless(除非)Unlessbadweatherstopsme,Igoforawalkeveryday.我每天都去散步,除非遇上坏天气。原因状语从句because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)Iliketoeatapplesbecausethey’regoodformyhealth.我喜欢吃苹果,因为它们对我的健康有益。Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然每个人都在这儿,我们开始开会吧。目的状语从句sothat(以便,为了),inorderthat(为了)Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecangettoschoolontime.他每天早上早起,以便能按时到校。结果状语从句sothat(结果是),so...that/such...that(如此……以至于)It’ssohotthatnobodywantstogoout.天太热,以至于没人想出去。让步状语从句though/although(尽管,虽然),evenif(即使),whatever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whenever(无论何时)Whereveryougo,Iwillgowithyou.无论你去哪儿,我都跟着你。Wheneveryoucome,Iwillwaitforyou.无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。比较状语从句than(比……),as...as(和……一样),notas/so...as(不如……)HeisastallasTomis.他和汤姆一样高。地点状语从句where(……的地方),wherever(无论哪里)Sitwhereveryoulike.请随便坐。二、时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句通常用一般现在时,简称“主将从现”。I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。when引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生;before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前;after则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后;as引导时间状语从句时,往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,不分先后。(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句。①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。I’llwaitforyoutillyoucometoseeme.我会一直等到你来看我。②主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not...until,有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表否定意义的词。Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.我直到完成作业才去睡觉。(4)since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自从……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity.从北京大学毕业以后,我就一直在这所学校工作。Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.我学英语十年了。三、条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。I’llvisittheGreatWallifitdoesn’traintomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,从句要用现在完成时或现在进行时,主句通常用一般将来时。Wewillgiveyouagoodpriceifyouarethinkingofbuyingit.如果你考虑买它,我们会给你一个好价钱。(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。四、原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导。由why提出的问题用because来回答。Ididthatbecauseshetoldmeto.是她让我做那件事我才做的。(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在这里的意思是“既然”。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。五、目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有sothat,inorderthat等,从句谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。Hemustgetupearlysothathecangotoworkontime.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用soasto,inorderto。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。六、.结果状语从句(1)由so...that,such...that引导。so...that与such...that的区别:so当名词前面有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such。Sheissuchalovelygirlthatweloveherverymuch.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatweloveherverymuch.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。Wehavesomuchtimethatwecanfinishtheworkverywell.我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。(2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enoughto结构代替。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.他太小了不能去上学。练一练1.Hecouldfindthewayhomehewasonlythreeyearsold.

A.though B.because C.where D.if2.Ourbusinesswon’timproveweofferbetterservicestoourcustomers.

A.because B.unless C.after D.since3.Loveyourparentstheyarealive.Don’twaituntilitistoolate.

A.while B.though C.because D.unless4.—DidyoucallMichaelback?—Ididn’tneedto,I’llseehimtomorrow.

A.unless B.becauseC.when D.though5.Thestoryisinterestingeverybodylikesitverymuch.

A.very;that B.so;thatC.such;that D.such;because6.Itwasthemiddleofthenightthesoundofthepianowokemeup.

A.because B.ifC.when D.although7.wedidn’twinthebasketballgame,weweresatisfiedwithourhardwork.

A.If B.ThoughC.Since D.Because8.it’sapublicholidaytoday,somefirefightersinourcityarestillonduty.

A.Although B.Once C.If9.Mygrandparentswroteletterstokeepintouchwithotherstheywereyoung.

A.