【八下英语沪教版】Module 1 Unit 1 单元小结

Unit1Helpingthoseinneed单元小结知识要点一、重点单词，短语和句式【精讲精练】要点1raiseraisev.筹集；提升；增加raise=keep有“饲养，抚养”的意思常见搭配：raiseone’svoice提高嗓门raiseafamily养家糊口raisemoney筹款；raiseprice提高价格；raiseone’sspirits打起精神raisechildren（抚养孩子）辨析：raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太阳升起，普照大地。(2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：ThepriceofTVsetshasbeenraisedrecently.最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）ThepriceofTVsetshasrisenrecently.最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）【典例分析】1.用raise,rise的正确形式完成下列句子。（1）He__________andwalkedtothewindow.（2）He______hishattomeasasignofrespect.（3）Thepeople’slivingstandardhasgreatlybeen______.（4）Hertemperatureisstill______.2根据汉语意思完成句子（1）月亮已经从山上升起。Themoon________________abovethehills.（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。Thebosspromised_________________hersalary.3.Asthecurtain_____，thefamoussingercameout.Thefans_____andscreamedwithexcitement.A．wasraised;rose B．hadbeenraised;wereraisedC．rose;wereraised D．hadrisen;raised4.ManypeoplecomplainthatsomeofKFCsinChina______thepriceofahamburgerbyoneyuan.A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled5.Theytheglassesbetweentwopeopleslastyear.A.rise B．raise C．rose D．raised6.-Howdidyourclassraisemoneyforthepooroldmaninhospital?-WeorganizedabookfairontheplaygroundandsoldsomebooksandCDs.(同义句替换)A.collect B．putup C．spend7.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。_________________________________________要点2permissionPermission准许；批准Writealettertotheheadteachertoaskpermissiontoraisemoney.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。【同根词】permitv.许可；准许Theguardspermittedmetobringmycameraandtaperecorder.卫兵准许我带相机和录音机1)permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Permitmetoofferyousomeadvice.请允许我向你提些建议。(2)permitdoingsth.允许做某事Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice.我们不允许在办公室吸烟。【典例分析】(1)Therulesoftheclubdonotpermit____________(smoke).(2)Myparentspermittedme_____________(go)totheparty.要点3：disableddisabled是形容词，意为“丧失能力的；有残疾的”。（1）disablev.使……失去能力Hewasdisabledintheaccident.他在那次事故中成了残疾。（2）ableadj.有能力的Wewereabletodothis.我们有能力做到这个。【典例分析】1.Heisoldenoughtobe_______（disabled）totakecareofhimself.2.不要嘲笑残疾人。(完成句子)Don’tlaughat___________________.要点4：suffersuffer(因疾病等)受苦；受折磨Hesufferedterriblyduringthelastfewdays.在过去的几天里，他痛苦不堪。sufferfrom受……折磨Shesuffersfromthedisease.她受疾病的折磨。【典例分析】1.Somepeopleinthepoorvillagearestills______fromhunger.（根据首字母完成单词拼写）2.快进来吧，这样你就不会受外面寒冷的折磨。（完成句子）Comeinquicklysoyouwon’t________________thecoldoutside.要点5：illnessillnessn.（某种）病Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根词：illadj.有病的（比较级：worse,最高级：worst）辨析：ill,sick的区别：ill和sick都有生病的，有病的意思，但是用法并不完全相同。illill表示生病的，有病的这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；Sheisill/sickinbed.她卧病在床。ill作定语修饰名词时是坏的，邪恶的意思。Heisanillman他是一个邪恶的人。sicksick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如病人可以说asickman或thesick,但不能说anillman或theill。Sheislookingafterhersickfather.她在照顾她生病的父亲Sick有恶心的，厌倦的之意。Thesmellmakesmesick.这气味使我感到恶心【典例分析】1.用ill和sick填空1）Theboydoesn’tliketoeatanything.Hecanbe________2）Lucy’smotheris_________inhospital.3）She’llvisither_________motherafterschool.4)Thesmellmakesme________.2.Heisalso_______,butheisstilltakingcareofanother_______man.A.ill;ill B．sick;ill C．ill;sick要点6：organize1)organize v.组织；筹备WealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。2)organized adj.有组织的Doyouhaveanyconnectionstoorganizedcrime?你参与了任何有组织的犯罪吗？3)organizer n.组织者Agoodorganizerpaysattentiontodetail.一个好的组织者考虑问题无微不至。4)organization n.组织Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyvoluntaryorganizations.给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。【典例分析】1.The_________aregoingto_____________asportsmeeting.A.organizer;organize B．organizers;organizedC．organization;organize D．organizers;organize2.—WhatabouthavingasurprisepartyforMissSmith?—Goodidea.Let’sdiscusswhento_______________theparty.A.organize B．delete C．accept D．solve3.Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?Wearegoingto________apicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?A.choose B．organize C．send D．travel4.ChinajoinedtheWorldTrade___________(organize)someyearsago.要点7：lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：Whenhiswifedied,hewasverylonely.太太死后他非常孤独。Theoldmanlivedinthelonelymountainvillage.那个老人住在荒凉的山村。【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：Don’tleavemealone.Iwillfeellonely.别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。区分alone与lonelyalone形容词和副词强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感情色彩。作形容词时不可作定语。lonely形容词强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。【典例分析】1.Hisgrandparentslive________inasmallhouse,buttheydon'tfeel________.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone2.Nowadaysmanyoldpeoplestayathome________,sotheyoftenfeel________.A.lonely,lonely B.lonely,alone C．alone,lonely D．alone,alone3.Whenyoufeelhopelessand________，justrememberyouarenot________intheworld.A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely4.用alone，lonely填空(1)Weshoulddoourhomework________.(2)Thepoorboyis________andhasnofriends.(3)Itisnotconvenienttoliveina(n)________area.(4)Idon’tfeel________thoughIam________inastrangecity.（5）Theoldmanlivesina____________place____________.Hefeels___________becausehedoesn’thaveanysonsordaughters.要点8painpain的用法(1)作为名词，意为“痛；疼痛”。常用于bein（great）pain，意为“处于极度疼痛之中”。Nopains,nogains.一份耕耘，一份收获。（2）其形容词为painful，意为“痛苦的”。【典例分析】1.老人被车撞了，非常痛苦。Theoldmanwashitbyacarandhewas__________________________.2.你的腿现在还疼吗？Isyourleg___________now?3.Myhandis________pain.IjustcutmyhandwhenIusedaknifetocutthings.A．for B．at C．in D．with4.Theoldman'sdaughterdiedlastyear，sohewasingreat__________and__________.A．sadness；pain B．sad；painful C．sadness；painful D．sad；pain5.Theboywasbadlyhurt.Hecouldn’thelpcryingbecauseofthe.A.pain B.happiness C.performance D.joy要点9expressexpress词性动词，意为：表示；表达（思想和感情）对某人表达...express...tosb.Ifinditdifficulttoexpressmymeaning.我发觉难以表达我的意思。Sheexpressedherthankstous.她向我们致谢。【拓展】express的名词形式为Expression，意为“表情；表示；表达方式”Isentthemflowersasanexpressionofthanks.我送给他们鲜花以表示感谢。【典例分析】1.Theartistalways__________(表达)hisworldviewinhisworks.2.—SongofAutumnbyLiuYuxidescribesautumninadifferentway.—Iagree.Mostpoets(诗人)describethisseasontoafeelingofsadness,butinLiu’seyesautumnisfulloflifeandhope.A.excuse B．express C．expect D．explain要点10difficultydifficultyn.意为“困难;困境;难事”。difficulty作抽象的“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“困难(如难事、难题)” 时，是可数名词。difficult，形容词。困难的常用短语：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.在做某事方面有困难。havedifficultywithsth在某方面有困难【典例分析】1.Mr.Lisayswecanaskhimforhelpifwehaveany________.A.Excuses B.difficulty C．information D．programmes2.Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.find B．found C．tofind D．finding3.Cheerup!I'msurewecan________thesedifficulties.A.create B.solve C.choose D.have4.我们费了好大劲才找到你的房子。Wehadalotof_______________in__________yourhouse要点11spiritspiritn.精灵；神灵；精神【考点】与spirit相关的短语：beinhighspirits情绪高beinlowspirits情绪低inspirit在精神上【典例分析】1.这是一种多么高尚的精神。What_______________________thisis!他情绪低落。2.Heis_____________________________.3.OnChildren’sDay,childrenreceivelotsofgiftsandareallinhigh.A.mind B.minds C．spirit D.spirits要点12die(v)死亡death(n)死亡die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。Morethanthreehundredpeoplediedintheaircrash.在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。SheisillandI’mafraidshe’sdying.她病了，恐怕快要死了。译：他的母亲去世5年了。误：Hismotherdiedforfiveyears.正：Hismotherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。HewaswatchinghisdeadcatwhenIcamein.当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。I’mafraidheisdead.我恐怕他已经去世了。拓展：①dieof意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。Hergrandfatherdiedofcancerin1992.她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。②diefrom意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。Theoldmandiedfromacaraccidentlastyear.那位老人去年死于一场车祸。【典例分析】1.—DoyouknowthatMr.Zhangpassedbylastweek?—Yes.Hedied________illness.A.of B.from C.with D.as2.Thelamb________forquitesometime.A.hasdied B．die C.hasdead D．hasbeendead3.—Whendidtheoldman________？—In2006.He________fornearlytenyears.A.die;died B．die;hasbeendead C．dead;hasdied D．dead;died4.LeiFengformanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus.A.died B．hasdied C．wasdead D．hasbeendeadⅡ.根据句意及汉语或首字母提示填写单词。5.LiHua'sgrandfatherhasbeend________for20years.6About50passengerswereburnedto________(死亡)onBRTXiamenonJune7th,2013要点13encourageencourage作动词，意为“鼓励”。encouragesb.todosth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：Theteacheroftenencouragesustostudyhard.老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：Theteacher’swordswereagreatencouragementtohim.老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。encourage词形变化及短语用法：encourage(v.)鼓励>常用短语encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人去做某事encouragesbinsth在某事上鼓励某人courage(n.)勇气>常用短语havethecouragetodosth有勇气去做某事【典例分析】1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。Ms.Wangalways___________________________speakEnglishinclass。2.Tomisshy,buthespokeinfrontoftheclassthismorning.Whatgreat_____heshowed!A.will B．fun C．pride D．courage3.Hiscoachencouragedhim________thecompetition.A.enter B．entered C．entering D．toenter4.MissWhiteencouragedLucy________.A.dance B.dancing C.todance D．willdance要点14：offerofferv.=bewillingtodosomething主动提出常用短语：offertodosth主动提供干某事offerone’shand伸出友好的手offersb.sth.为某人提供某物Peterofferedtoteachthemwater-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。Theyhaveofferedmealargesumofmoneytogoaway.他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费辨析：provide,offer的区别：provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于providesb.withsth.或providesth.forsb.的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。例如：offersb.主动提出帮助某人；offersb.agoodsalary给某人一个好工资。Somehowshemanagedtoprovideherchildrenwithfoodandclothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。Heofferedmeaglassofwine.=Heofferedaglassofwinetome.他端给我一杯酒。【典例分析】1.他主动要把他的词典借给我He_________________________mehisdictionary.。2.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。Theheadmaster______________________herraincoat.=Theheadmaster___________herraincoat_____________________.3.感谢你主动帮忙。Thankyoufor_____________________ofhelp.4.WhenI’mintrouble,mysisteralways_________________.A.offershelpingme B.offerstohelpmeC．asksmetohelp D.asksmeathelp5.Alotofheroes_________theirlives__________ourcountryduringtheearthquakeinSichuan.A.offer;to B.offer;for C.offered;to D.offered;/6.Theydidn’tprovidemefood,soIhadtofindsomethingtoeat.A．for B．to C．about D．with7.Thenewly-openedcompany________thelocalpeoplewithmorechancestowork.A.gives B．provides C．offers D．shows8.—Inthepastfiveyears,ChinahasplayedanimportantroleintheBeltandRoad.—Ithas_____manynationsagreatchancetocommunicate.A.offered B．supported C．included D．provided要点15“四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）词汇用法spend主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1.spendtime/moneyonsth.在上花费时间/金钱2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花费时间/金钱做某事cost主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sthcosts(sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”take后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：1.“Ittakessb+时间+todosth”做某事花费某人多少时间。2.“doingsthtakessb+时间”做某事花费某人多少时间。pay主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1.pay(sb)moneyforsth.为...付钱（给某人）2.payforsth.付的钱3.payforsb.替某人付钱4.paysb.付钱给某人。【典例分析】一、单项选择：1.It______________metwoweekstofinishreadingthenovelwrittenbyGuoJingming.A.spent B．took C.paid D.cost2.ThenewT-shirt_______________mefiftyyuan.A.spent B．took C.paid D.cost3.He___________twentyyuanforthebook.A.paid B.took C.cost D.spent 4.Iusually____________twohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take5.Jackusually__________anhour___________hishomework.A.takes,todo B．pays,fordoing C.spends,ondoing D．spends,doing6.Lucyspendsonehundredyuan___________bookseverymonth.A.on B.in C.with D.of7.LittleTomusuallyspendshisfreetime___________somereadingathome.A.do B.doing C.ondoing D.todo8.IttookLucytwodays___________drawingthisbeautifulpicture.A.tofinish B.infinishing C.finishing D.finish9.Asmile____________nothing,butgivesmuch.A.costs B．spends C．cost D．spend二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。1、It______________meaboutanhourtodomyhomeworkeveryday.2、I______________anhourcleaningmyofficeyesterday.3、Thisheavycoat______________me500yuan.4、I______________50yuanforthedictionaryyesterdayafternoon.5、I______________twohoursonthismathsproblem.Atlast,Iworkeditout.三、完成句子。1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。They__________twoyears_____________________thisbridge.2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。___________________themthreeyears__________buildthisroad.3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。___________usthirtyminutes____________fromheretothestation.4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。Ittookmetwohours______________________thecomposition.5、我花三千元买了这部手机。_________3,000yuan________themobilephone.要点16becauseofbecauseof和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；becauseof的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：IwaslatethismorningbecauseImissedthefirstbus.我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。Wecouldn’thavethesportsmeetinglastSundaybecauseoftherain.我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。【典例分析】1.用because和becauseof填空。(1)heisill,heisabsenttoday.(2)Heisnotatschoolhisillness.(3)Hecan’tcometheheavyrain.(4)Welikephysicswecanlearnalotofideas.(5)Thestudentsdidn’tneedtogotoschool______________thestorm.2.Hewasill,sohedidn’tgotoschool.（同义句改写）_____________hewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.3.Hecouldn’twalkbecausehislegwasbroken.（同义句改写）Hecouldn’twalk____________________his_________leg.4.Icamebackbecauseitwasrainingheavily.（同义句改写）Icameback___________________the________rain.5.______Idon’thaveenoughmoney,______Ican’taffordthecar.A./;so B．Because;so C．/;and D./;because6.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday____hewasill.A.because B．becauseof C．if D．so7.Ididn’tgotothepartynot________theweather,but_______Ididn’tfeelwell.A.becauseof;because B.because;becauseofC.because;because D.becauseof;becauseof【重点短语】1.报请批准____________________ 2.情绪高涨_______________________3.无法做某事_______________ 4.因为；由于_____________________5.继续做某事_______________ 6.帮助某人________________________7.做某事有困难_______________ 8.需要帮助的_______________________9.身体状况良好/较差_______________ 10.在某人空闲时间_________________11.为了____________________ 12.与某人交朋友___________________13.为...付费_______________ 14.筹集善款_______________________15.使振奋_______________ 15.遭受___________________________16.拍照_______________ 17.参加___________________________18.考虑_______________ 19.义务性工作____________________【重点句式】1.Cindyisinhospitalbecauseshesufferedfromseriousillnesses.2.Shewantedtopaintapictureoftheparknearherhome.3..Iwentthereandtooksomephotosofit4.Herparentsdiedinacaraccident,andsheisunhappyandverylonely.5.Hehurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage.6.WeneedtohelpchildrenlikeTimandraisetheirspirits.知识要点二、语法动词不定式A不定式的语法功能1.作主语1)眼见为实_________________istobelieve2)昨天我花2小时做作业。It_________me2hours___________________myhomeworkyesterday.3)对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。________brave________a13-year-oldboy________________aroundtheforeigncountriesalone.4)对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。_______________verydangerousforchildren___________________thebusystreet.2.作宾语习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,ask,choose,decide,hope,learn,offer,plan,promise,want,wish,wouldlike等1）她希望将来去美国留学Shehopes__________________inAmericainthefuture.2)我想买个新相机。Iwant_________________anewcamera.3)她答应会来。Shepromised________________.4)他们决定步行去那儿。They________________________________thereonfoot.3.作表语1)我的梦想是当一名老师。Mydreamis______________________ateacher2)他似乎很有钱。Heseems__________________veryrich.3)他的任务是照顾好他的妹妹。Histaskis__________________________________hissisterwell.4）不定式作宾语补助语这类结构常见于asksb.todosth.tellsbtodosthwantsb.todosth.advisesb.todo这类动词常有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,help,invite,order,teach,tell,want,wish等。1）我爸妈不许我晚上外出Myparentsdon’tallow_______________________outatnight.2）老师叫我们把这些单词写下来。Theteachertold__________________________________thewords.3)他鼓励我努力学习Heencouraged_________________________hard.4)他昨天用机器人完成他的作业。Heused___________________________________hishomework.5）不定式作状语1）他来借钱。Hecame__________________somemoney.2)他每周六都去那照顾病人。EverySaturday,hewentthere________________________thepatients.3)很高兴见到你Iamglad__________________you.6）不定式作定语（后面章节再学习）B不定式的疑问式“疑问词+todo”结构，相当于相应的从句1）他们正在学习如何帮助残疾人。Theyarelearning___________________________disabledpeople.2）你知道在哪儿买飞机票吗？Doyouknow________________________________flighttickets?3）他知道什么时候开始。Heknew_________________________________.4)请告诉我下一步做什么。Pleasetellme______________________________next.5)打扰一下，请问书店怎么走？Excuseme,couldyoutellme_________________________________tothebookshop?C不定式的否定式1)老师提醒上课不要睡觉。TheteacherwarnedKate_________________________inclass.2)老师告诉Sally即使是没有时间也不要放弃弹钢琴.TheteachertoldSallyplayingthepianoeventhoughshehadnotime3）警察叫那些孩子不要在马路上玩耍。Thepolicetoldthechildren_________________________ontheroad.D省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有let,make，see,hear，watch。而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to1）别让小孩玩火。Don’t_________yourchild_________withfire.2)这喧闹的音乐使我想离开。Theloudmusicmade____________________toleave.3)我看见她进了这家医院。I__________her____________hehospital.4)我们经常听到她唱这首歌。Weoften__________her_________thissong.【典例分析】一用所给词的适当形式填空1.Themanwishes_________(travel)aroundtheworld.2.Wouldyoulike_________(visit)theScienceMuseum?3.Pleaseletme_________(finish)thereportfirst.4.Whynotoffer_______(help)yourmotherwithsomehousework?5.YoucanaskMary___________(organize)theparty.6.Nobodywants__________(suffer)fromthisdisease.7.Theydecided_________(pay)nothingfortheterriblemeal.8.We’lllearn__________(sing)abeautifulEnglishsongtomorrow.9.WhomadeLittleTom_____(do)somuchwork?10.OurChineseteacheralwaysencouragesus________(read)morebooks.知识要点三、书面表达【话题分析】本单元写作话题是志愿者工作，能够表述志愿者活动的一些语句。学会不定式在句式中的运用。能够写出做志愿者计划的小短文。【短语积累】1.需要帮助的_________________ 2.义务性工作_______________________3.报请批准____________________ 4.因……受苦；受折磨_________________5.使振奋；使鼓起勇气_________________ 6.拍照__________________________7.表达某人的感情___________________ 8.照顾_________________________9.在某人的空闲时间_________________ 10.做……有困难_________________11.筹款____________________ 12.将来______________________13.目的在于；为了_________________ 14.考虑_______________________15.开展活动_____________________ 16.因为；由于__________________17改变某人的人生_________________ 18.担任……工作_________________【句式积累】重点句子翻译。1.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。____________________________________________________________________________2.对新单词的发音我总是有困难。____________________________________________________________________________3.怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。____________________________________________________________________________4.美妙的音乐可以给她带来快乐和宁静。____________________________________________________________________________5.我会尽最大的努力使她振作起来。____________________________________________________________________________6.我们想要在星期五下午在学校操场举行这次活动。____________________________________________________________________________7.网上订票很方便。____________________________________________________________________________8.为了筹款给那些需要帮助的儿童，我们计划了一些活动。____________________________________________________________________________9.我们将举办一个书展。____________________________________________________________________________10.我盼望得到你的回信。____________________________________________________________________________【实战演练】话题给校长的一封信假如你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。词数80左右。内容包括：(1)活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；(2)活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；(3)时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；(4)参加人员：全校师生。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit1Helpingthoseinneed单元小结知识要点一、重点单词，短语和句式【精讲精练】要点1raiseraisev.筹集；提升；增加raise=keep有“饲养，抚养”的意思常见搭配：raiseone’svoice提高嗓门raiseafamily养家糊口raisemoney筹款；raiseprice提高价格；raiseone’sspirits打起精神raisechildren（抚养孩子）辨析：raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太阳升起，普照大地。(2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：ThepriceofTVsetshasbeenraisedrecently.最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）ThepriceofTVsetshasrisenrecently.最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）【典例分析】1.用raise,rise的正确形式完成下列句子。（1）He__________andwalkedtothewindow.（2）He______hishattomeasasignofrespect.（3）Thepeople’slivingstandardhasgreatlybeen______.（4）Hertemperatureisstill______.【答案】（1）rose(2)raised(3)raised（4）rising2根据汉语意思完成句子（1）月亮已经从山上升起。Themoon________________abovethehills.（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。Thebosspromised_________________hersalary.【答案】（1）hasrisen（2）toraise3.Asthecurtain____，thefamoussingercameout.Thefans______andscreamedwithexcitement.A．wasraised;rose B．hadbeenraised;wereraisedC．rose;wereraised D．hadrisen;raised【答案】A句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。4.ManypeoplecomplainthatsomeofKFCsinChina_____thepriceofahamburgerbyoneyuan.A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled【答案】B抬高价格。Raisetheprice。Raise后面接宾语。5.Theytheglassesbetweentwopeopleslastyear.A.rise B．raise C．rose D．raised【答案】D句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise及物动词，后面接宾语。6.-Howdidyourclassraisemoneyforthepooroldmaninhospital?-WeorganizedabookfairontheplaygroundandsoldsomebooksandCDs.(同义句替换)A.collect B．putup C．spend【答案】raise“筹集，征集”raisemoney募捐。7.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。【答案】ThesunrisesintheEastandsetsintheWest.Rise不及物动词。要点2permissionPermission准许；批准Writealettertotheheadteachertoaskpermissiontoraisemoney.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。【同根词】permitv.许可；准许Theguardspermittedmetobringmycameraandtaperecorder.卫兵准许我带相机和录音机1)permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Permitmetoofferyousomeadvice.请允许我向你提些建议。(2)permitdoingsth.允许做某事Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice.我们不允许在办公室吸烟。【典例分析】(1)Therulesoftheclubdonotpermit____________(smoke).(2)Myparentspermittedme_____________(go)totheparty.【答案】1.smoking2.togo要点3：disableddisabled是形容词，意为“丧失能力的；有残疾的”。（1）disablev.使……失去能力Hewasdisabledintheaccident.他在那次事故中成了残疾。（2）ableadj.有能力的Wewereabletodothis.我们有能力做到这个。【典例分析】1.Heisoldenoughtobe_______（disabled）totakecareofhimself.2.不要嘲笑残疾人。(完成句子)Don’tlaughat___________________.【解析】1.able有能力的。beableto能，会。2.disabledpeople。要点4：suffersuffer(因疾病等)受苦；受折磨Hesufferedterriblyduringthelastfewdays.在过去的几天里，他痛苦不堪。sufferfrom受……折磨Shesuffersfromthedisease.她受疾病的折磨。【典例分析】1.Somepeopleinthepoorvillagearestills______fromhunger.（根据首字母完成单词拼写）2.快进来吧，这样你就不会受外面寒冷的折磨。（完成句子）Comeinquicklysoyouwon’t________________thecoldoutside.【答案】1.Suffering2.sufferfrom要点5：illnessillnessn.（某种）病Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根词：illadj.有病的（比较级：worse,最高级：worst）辨析：ill,sick的区别：ill和sick都有生病的，有病的意思，但是用法并不完全相同。illill表示生病的，有病的这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；Sheisill/sickinbed.她卧病在床。ill作定语修饰名词时是坏的，邪恶的意思。Heisanillman他是一个邪恶的人。sicksick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如病人可以说asickman或thesick,但不能说anillman或theill。Sheislookingafterhersickfather.她在照顾她生病的父亲Sick有恶心的，厌倦的之意。Thesmellmakesmesick.这气味使我感到恶心【典例分析】1.用ill和sick填空1）Theboydoesn’tliketoeatanything.Hecanbe________2）Lucy’smotheris_________inhospital.3）She’llvisither_________motherafterschool.4)Thesmellmakesme________.【答案】1.ill/sick2.ill/sick作表语2个单词都可以。3.sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语。4.sick着重表示“恶心的“2.Heisalso_______,butheisstilltakingcareofanother_______man.A.ill;ill B．sick;ill C．ill;sick【答案】C.sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语要点6：organize1)organize v.组织；筹备WealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。2)organized adj.有组织的Doyouhaveanyconnectionstoorganizedcrime?你参与了任何有组织的犯罪吗？3)organizer n.组织者Agoodorganizerpaysattentiontodetail.一个好的组织者考虑问题无微不至。4)organization n.组织Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyvoluntaryorganizations.给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。【典例分析】1.The_________aregoingto_____________asportsmeeting.A.organizer;organize B．organizers;organizedC．organization;organize D．organizers;organize【答案】D【解析】这些组织者将组织一场运动会。2.—WhatabouthavingasurprisepartyforMissSmith?—Goodidea.Let’sdiscusswhento_______________theparty.A.organize B．delete C．accept D．solve【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——给MissSmit办个惊喜派对怎么样？——好主意，让我们讨论何时组织这个聚会。A.organize组织；B.delete删除；C.accept接受；D.solve解决。根据WhatabouthavingasurprisepartyforMissSmith?可知，此处应表示：组织聚会。故选A。3.Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?Wearegoingto________apicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?A.choose B．organize C．send D．travel【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意可知，这个周末你打算做什么?我们打算组织一次野餐。你想加入我们吗?choose意为：选择；organize意为：组织；send意为：寄；派遣；travel意为：旅行。4.ChinajoinedtheWorldTrade___________(organize)someyearsago.【解析】Organization组织。名词。要点7：lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：Whenhiswifedied,hewasverylonely.太太死后他非常孤独。Theoldmanlivedinthelonelymountainvillage.那个老人住在荒凉的山村。【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：Don’tleavemealone.Iwillfeellonely.别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。区分alone与lonelyalone形容词和副词强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感情色彩。作形容词时不可作定语。lonely形容词强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。【典例分析】1.Hisgrandparentslive________inasmallhouse,buttheydon'tfeel________.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C