人教社2024版初中七年级上册英语寒假分层作业学生版10 语法填空

人教社2024版初中七年级上册英语寒假分层作业学生版专题10语法填空特训内容早知道☛第一层巩固提升练语法填空解题技巧☛第二层能力培优练☛第三层拓展突破练（1）考点分布一般比较均匀，除动词外，考点一般不重复。【分配：名词+动词*2+形容词+副词+冠词+介词+连词+连接词+代词】（2）有提示词均需要变形，且变形方向是固定的。因此想不出答案时可以根据考点依次带入排除。（比如四个无提示词的填空已经填入了冠词、介词、连词，则剩下的大概率是三大从句的连接词或者疑问词）考点1：名词名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。名词单复数（依据：横线前有表示复数的词如afew，lotsof，these，those，或者数量词等，或者therebe句型中be动词为复数are或were形式）名词所有格（依据：横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系，而形成从属关系）名词词性变化（依据：根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等）固定搭配[*无提示型]（固定词组与表达方式，如pay___to首先想到attention）【例1】Therearemanytall(build)inourcity.解析：根据其前的many可知其后用名词复数形式,build的名词为building,故填写buildings,意为“建筑物，房子”。【例2】Canyoutellmesome(different)betweenthetwonewwords?解析：根据其前的some可知此处用different的名词difference的复数形式differences,意为“差别,差异”。【例3】Homerulesshouldbespecialtoyour__________(family)needs.解析：根据其前的your可知后面必须是名词，而needs已经是名词形式了，所以此时只需要考虑family这个词与needs之间的关系不是修饰而是从属，所以为family’s。考点2：动词【两大方向：谓语动词与非谓语动词】时态+语态（依据1：前后文的时态和形式，或者时间状语；依据2：特殊句型；依据3：前后文的被动关系）非谓语动词的三种形式[doing,，done，todo]（根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式，如wanttodo就要把do变todo，finishdoing就要把do变doing）【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的，后面一个一定会变形。比如实义动词want，play，practice在一起，可以形成wantplay（错），wanttoplay（对），practicetoplay（错），practiceplaying（对）因此，当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看，找是否有实义动词，如果有，则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词______(动词)】如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分，那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词+代词/名词+______(动词)】【用todo的其他形式】1、后置定语（动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面）如：1、achancetodosth做某事的一个机会2、thewaytodosth做某事的办法3、thebesttimetodosth做某事的最佳时间4、somethingtoeat一些吃的东西5、somethingtodrink一些喝的东西6、alotofworktodo许多要做的工作7、get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会2、It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of)+sb+todosth对某人来说做某事怎么样【分析】形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既todosth时，人前的介词用for；但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of.①It’shardformetolearnEnglishwell.（句子hard是修饰动词不定式tolearnEnglishwell，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是forsb.）②It’skindofyoutohelpme.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人)意为你善良，所以介词用ofsb.）3、Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）4、It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时候了【例1】I(do)myhomeworkathomelastSunday.解析：根据时间状语lastSunday可知为一般过去时态,故填写do的过去式did。【例2】Lucyusually(watch)televisiononFridaymorning!解析：根据时间状语onFridaymorning和频率副词usually可知为一般现在时态，且主语Lucy是第三人称单数，故填写watch的第三人称单数形式watches。【例3】Infiveyears’time,1(become)auniversitystudent.解析：根据时间状语Infiveyears’time可知用一般将来时态，故填写willbecome。考点3：形容词与副词形容词比较级与最高级（依据1：比较级看句子中是否有than，最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。依据2：横线前有even，much、alittle/bit等后面需要用比较级的词）固定句型（常见的为比较级的相关句型：themore…themore…，moreandmore。表示建议的句型：hadbetterdosth。表示状态的句型：主语+be+adj+todo）形容词副词化（依据：提示词为形容词，空格后有谓语动词或者形容词；或者空格位于句首，用逗号隔开）动词的ing与ed形式（依据：横线前有be动词或是后面有名词，则用ing形式；横线前有人称代词或人名，则用ed形式）否定变化（如happy变成unhappy）】注意：形容词是修饰名词的，而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。【例1】Homeisthe(warm)placewhereveryougo.解析：根据句意“无论你走到哪里，家是最温暖的地方”和定冠词the可知此处用形容词warm的最高级warmest。【例2】JimstudiesbetterthanTom，butTomis(friendly)andhehasmorefriends.解析：句意：吉姆比汤姆学习成绩更好，但是汤姆(对人)更友好，他有更多的朋友。由句中的studiesbetter以及morefriends可知，要用形容词friendly的比较级friendlier，意为“更友好的”。【例3】Wehadafootballmatchyesterday.Ourfanscheereduson(loud)andwefeltmoreconfident.解析：句意：昨天我们进行了一场足球赛。我们的粉丝们为我们大声地加油，我们感到更加有信心。表示“大声地”应用loudly。考点4：代词宾格（横线在谓语动词后面）形容词性物主代词（横线后面有名词）名词性物主代词（横线后面没有名词，前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词）反身代词（横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词，此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词）不定代词（一般以some/ever/any+thing为主，其次是others，another）【例1】Doyouhave(something)tosay?解析：something通常用于肯定句，在疑问句中用anything。故填anything。【例2】Wouldyoulike(every)coffee?解析：虽然any用于疑问句，但some可以用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中，尤其是some用于向对方请求得到某物。根据句意及语气填写some。【例3】Iboughtsomethingformyparents，butnothingfor(I).解析：根据句意“我为我父母买了些东西，但我没有为我自己买什么”可知填写myself。考点5：数量词考点基数词变序数词（横线前一般有the）基数词变次数（一般只考once，twice）单位词变复数（主要是百-hundred，千-thousand，百万-million，十亿-billion的用法）注意：300名学生——threehundredstudents（此时hundred后无s）成百上千名学生——hundredsofstudents（hundred后有了of则要加s）成百上千名学生——hundredsuponhundredsofstudents【例1】Iamtoknowthat(hundred)ofpeoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquake.解析：hundred意为“百”，表示大概数字时用复数且和of连用。故填写hundreds。【例2】Howmany(time)didyougotoBeijinglastyear?解析：times指“次数，倍数”。考点6：介词单一介词（即介词表示某种具体的含义，如方向或时间，能够根据上下文含义推理出来）动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配，例如：come/befrom，fallinlovewith……注意：介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组，还可以依靠横线后的词性，因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词，所以后面要么是名词和代词，要么是动词ing形式。【例1】It’sgreattohearyou.I’llwritetoyousoon.解析：根据下文I’llwritetoyousoon.“我将很快写信给你”可知考查固定短语hearfromsb.，意为“收到某人来信”。故填写from。【例2】Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingcommon.解析：根据句意“事实是,快乐和幸福是没有共同点的”可知用介词in。incommon意为“……相同”。考点7：连词考点根据词性判断（空格两边词性或结构一致，大概率是并列连词；一个长句被逗号或横线隔开，左右两边结构完整，有可能是连词构成的复合句）根据逻辑判断（并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的，可以根据上下文的意思来判断）第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致，如Itmakesussmartandhealthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓（宾）结构，如Idon'tlikeherbecauseshesmokestoomuch。左边主谓宾完整，右边主谓完整。最后看逻辑关系，如果满足第一或第二，只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。【连词总结】and（常与both组合出现），or（常与either组合出现），but（常与also组合出现，形成notonly…butalso…），nor（常与neither组合出现），because，so等注意：however是副词，常用作连词使用，出现的形式是单独在句首，用逗号与后文隔开：however，后句。也可能是放在中间，左右都用逗号隔开：前句，however，后句考点8：冠词冠词分类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an），零冠词（一般不考）[空格后面一定有名词，或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看，看有没有名词出现。]定冠词与不定冠词的区分：the用于特指，第二次出现，形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指，第一次出现，固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an，【特殊例子特殊记】an+hour/honor/honesty；a+useful/university]3、固定词组与搭配：takeawalk，haveafever中的a就是固定的，bytheway中the也是固定搭配【例1】It’sunluckydayforme.Ilostmynewbikethismorning.解析：此处表泛指，故用a或an。根据可数名词day和空格后的形容词unlucky音标的第一个音素为元音音素，可知应填写冠词an。【例2】Whoistallestgirlinyourclass?解析：形容词最高级tallest前用定冠词the。考点9：句子引导词关系词等【常考的：that/whether/if与各类疑问词等】【例1】Idon’tknowoftenyouseeyourparents.Onceaweekoronceamonth?解析：根据“Onceaweekoronceamonth?”可知询问频率，应用howoften。howoften意为“隔多久”,在此表示频率。故填写how。【例2】citydoyoulikebetter,BeijingorShanghai?解析：根据其后的两地比较可知填写Which，意为“哪一个”。【巩固练习】AIwanttotellyouwhatIdo1Friday.Frommorningtoafternoon,Iamverybusy.Igetupearlyinthemorningandhavebreakfastathome.ThenIgo2school.Ihavethefirstclassat8:00.It’smaths.Idon’tlikeitbecauseIthinkit’sboring(乏味的)3difficult.Buttheteachersaysit4(be)useful.SoIalwaystrytolearnit5(good).Thenat9:00,Ihavescience.It’sdifficultbutinteresting.At10:00,Ihavehistory.Afterthat,Ihave6artclassat11:00.It’seasyandfun.OnFridayafternoon,IhaveChinese.Itismyfavouritesubject.AndMrsWangismyfavouriteteacher.Sheisgreatfunand7(she)classisexciting(令人兴奋的).ThelastclassisPE.InPEclass,Ilike8(play)footballwithmyclassmates.Theschoolfinishesat3:50.ThenIhaveadance9(lesson)fortwohours.Howaboutyourschoolday?Tellme10it.BAlicehasanicefamily.11(this)areherfamilymembers;hergrandfather,grandmother,father,motherandher.Alice’sparentsareteachers,buttheyaren’tin12sameschool.HerfatherisinPEPSchoolandhermotherisinSunshineSchool.Theylike13(play)sports.Theyalwaysplayping-ponginthemorning.14that,theyhavebreakfast.Alice’sgrandparentsdon’tneedtogotowork,sotheyalways15(watch)ping-ponggamesonTVathome.Theylikeping-pong,too.What16Alice?Doesshelikeping-pong?No,becauseshethinksit’sdifficult.17shelikestennis.Shesaysit’seasyfor18(she).AlicelikesChineseandmathsatschool.Shethinkstheyare19(use).TodayisAlice’sthirteenthbirthday.Herfamilybuyabirthdaycakeforher.Sheis20(real)happy.CHello!ThisisKate’sfamilyphoto.Shehasabigfamily.Therearefivepeople21thefamily.They22(be)Kate’sfather,mother,twin(双胞胎的)23(brother)andher.Themaninblack24(be)herfather.HisnameisPaul,25thewomanishermother.26(she)nameisAnna.Sheis3627(year)old.Herfatherandmotherareteachers.28(this)twoboysareKate’sbrothers.TheyspeakEnglishwell.Theylookalmostthesame(几乎一样).29isthegirlinthephoto?It’sKate.Sheisthedaughterinthefamily.She30(like)herfamilyverymuch.一、完形填空每个人身边或多或少都会有兴趣不同的好朋友。来看看Anna和她朋友们的兴趣吧。Annaisan11-year-oldgirl.Shelikesmusic,andshe1singverywell.Inherfreetime,sheoftensingsforherfriends.Thistermshe2theMusicClubinherschool.ShegoesthereeveryFridayafternoon.Therearemanystudentsintheclub.Theythinkmusiccan3themhappy.Anna4thinksso,andshewantstobeagreatsingeroneday.FrankandCindyareAnna’s5.Franklikesreadingandstorybooksarehisfavourite.Heoften6storiestohisclassmatesafterclass.Sometimes,healso7stories.Hisstoriesarereallyinteresting,8manyofhisclassmateslikethem.Cindyis9drawingandsheisintheArtClubinherschool.NextFriday,shewilldrawsomepicturesfortheschool10festival.Shewillbehappytoseeallthestudentslikeher11.Thesethreefriendsarevery12.Theyaregoodwithkids(小孩).Everyweekend,they13atthekidshome.Annausuallysingsfor14.Franktellsthemstories.AndCindyteachesthem15todrawwell.Allthekidstherelikethemverymuch.1．A．will B．would C．can D．need2．A．sees B．joins C．calls D．finds3．A．want B．think C．take D．make4．A．also B．exactly C．even D．still5．A．cousins B．teachers C．friends D．parents6．A．speaks B．talks C．tells D．says7．A．spells B．watches C．plays D．writes8．A．so B．but C．or D．then9．A．goodwith B．worriedabout C．goodfor D．goodat10．A．music B．art C．food D．sports11．A．games B．songs C．pictures D．stories12．A．nice B．right C．tall D．fun13．A．sleep B．help C．study D．play14．A．him B．you C．us D．them15．A．what B．how C．where D．when二、阅读理解ABoysandgirls!Wehavefourclubsforyou.Welcometoourclubs!You’llhavegreatfun!SwimmingClubDay:MondayandFridayTime:5:00p.m.-7:00p.m.Place:theParkPrice:25yuan/amonthTel:463-7219EnglishClubDay:TuesdayandSundayTime:9:00a.m.-10:00a.m.,2:00p.m.-3:00p.m.Place:theOldFriendStreetPrice:15yuan/amonthTel:403-6872BasketballClubDay:ThursdayandSaturdayTime:4:00p.m.-6:00p.m.,8:00p.m.-10:00p.m.Place:theGymPrice:30yuan/amonthTel:433-5278MusicClubDay:SaturdayandSundayTime:2:00p.m.-4:00p.m.Place:theMusicHousePrice:35yuan/amonthTel:493-687216．WhatclubcanTomgotowith20yuan?A．Themusicclub. B．Theswimmingclub.C．Thebasketballclub. D．TheEnglishclub.17．WhencanJanegotoplaymusic?A．OnSundayafternoon. B．OnMondaymorning.C．OnThursdayafternoon. D．OnSaturdaymorning.18．Tomlikesbasketballandhewantstobehealthy.Wherecanhego?A．TothePark. B．TotheOldFriendStreet.C．TotheGym. D．TotheMusicHouse.BEverystudentwantstohaveagoodschoolday.Howcanwedothat?19.EverydayIgetupearly.AfterthatImakemybedtidyandclean.ThenIbrushmyteethandmakemyfaceclean.20.IfIhaveP.E.thatday,I’llwearmysportsclothesandshoes.BeforeIgotoschool,Iusuallyeatahealthybreakfastathome.21.Atschool,Ilistentomyteacherscarefully.I’llaskmyteachersandclassmatesforhelpifIdon’tunderstand.Ialsoliketomakefriends.Imakemanyfriendsatschool.22.23.Itakeawalkafterdinner.ThenIdomyhomework.AfterIfinishthehomework,Igototakeashower.FinallyIgotobedatabout9:30pm.Ifyouwanttochangehowhappyyouarewithyourschoollife,thenstartwithfocusingonhowtomakeday-to-daymomentsmoreenjoyableandmeaningful.根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项多余选项。A．It’sagoodhabittoplaysportsB．Afterschool,IusuallywalkhomeC．It’simportanttowearrightclothesD．MyfavoritefoodisbreadandmilkE．IthinkmyschoollifecangiveyousomehelpF．Ialwaystalkwiththemorplaysportswiththemafterclass一、阅读理解左栏是五位同学对自己的学校的描述，右栏是五所学校的介绍，请根据同学们的描述选择对应的学校。1Hello,everyone.Myname’sHelen.Thisismyschool.Therearefivebuildingsinmyschool.Thesciencebuildingismyfavourite.Ilikescienceverymuch.2Hi,I’mTony.Ilikemyschool.Therearemanytreesinit.Ilikemyclassroom,too.Thereisacomputeroneveryone’sdesk.AndonthewallisamapofEngland.3Welcometomyschool!I’mLinda.Thisismyclassroom.Thereisacomputerontheteacher’sdesk.Onthewallsaresomepicturesandamapoftheworld.4Hello,myname’sJack.MyparentsarefarmworkersandIgototheschoolontheirfarm.Thereisn’tanysportshallinit,butthereisabigplayground.Wecanplaymanysportsthere.

5Goodmorning,MrSmith.I’mCarla.Welcometomyclassroom.That’smydesk.Therearemanybooksoneveryone’sdesk.They’refromtheschoollibrary.A．What’stheclassroominGoldingtonSchoollike?Oh,therearemanybooksoneveryone’sdesk.Thestudentstherelikereading.Thebooksarefromtheschoollibrary.B．FerdownSchoolisforthechildren(孩子)offarmworkersonFendownLand.Childrenlovethebigplaygroundinit.Theydomanysportsthereafterschool.C．ThisisaphotoofGreenwaySchool,mydaughter’sschool.Ontheleftofthephotoisherclassroom.Thereisamapoftheworldandsomepicturesonthewalls.D．TherearefivebuildingsinLincroftSchool.Look!That’sthesciencebuildingwithtensciencelabs.Studentslikedoingexperiments(实验)there.E.WestfieldSchoolisinthemiddleofthecity,buttherearemanytreesinit.Andtheclassroomsaregreat.Thereisacomputeroneveryone’sdesk.二、任务型阅读阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。Lookatthemapofourneighborhood.Thebankisnexttomyhouse.Theschoolisnexttothebank.Therearealotofteachersandtheyhelpmelearnmanysubjects.Theyareveryfriendlytome.IfIwanttoreadbooksorsurftheInternet(上网冲浪),Icangotothelibrary.It’sonNo.3Street.WhenIgetsick(生病),thedoctorscangivemeahand.Whereisthehospital?Canyoufindit?It’sonNo.2Street.Thereisalsoabigsupermarketinourneighborhood.Icanbuyal