科技英语翻译方法与技巧课件：长难句的翻译

科技英语翻译方法与技巧

长难句的翻译12目录次序的处理结构的处理3综合法一、长难句的翻译在科技英语中，有些句子虽较长，但是他们叙述的内容基本上按照所发生的时间先后安排，或者内容按照逻辑关系安排，与汉语表达方法比较一致，因此可以按照原文的顺序译出，称为顺译法。长难句的翻译顺译法次序的处理一、长难句的翻译长难句的翻译顺译法次序的处理If,when

an

SCR

is

biased

in

the

forward

direction

anda

current

pulse

is

injected

into

the

Pregion

of

junction

2

by

momentarily

applying

avoltage

to

the

gate,junction

2

becomes

forward-biased,

and

conduction

through

the

SCR

begins.当晶闸管正向偏置时，如果对控制极加了瞬时正电压，从而有一个脉冲流进入结2的P区，这时结2正向偏置，晶闸管开始导通。一、长难句的翻译长难句的翻译顺译法次序的处理However,fiber

systems

can

carry

so

many

more

telephone

conversations

at

the

same

timethan

wire

pairsand

can

carry

them

so

much

farther

without

amplification

of

regeneration,thatwhen

there

are

many

telephone

calls

to

be

carried

between

points

such

as

switching

offices

fiber

systems

are

economically

attractive.然而，光纤系统同时可容纳比线对多得多的电话线路，并且在不需要放大的情况下把信号送得更远。当两点之间，比如中继局有很多电话呼叫要传送的时候，光纤系统就是非常经济的。一、长难句的翻译

当英语句子中的逻辑次序和汉语相反，如表示条件、时间、让步等意义的从句位于主句之后时，往往需要采用另一种译法就是倒译法，也就是把从句提到主句之前来翻译。长难句的翻译倒译法次序的处理一、长难句的翻译长难句的翻译倒译法次序的处理A

student

of

mathematics

must

become

familiar

with

all

the

signs

and

symbols

commonlyused

in

mathematics

and

gear

them

in

mind

firmly,and

be

well

versed

in

the

definitions,formulas

as

well

as

technical

terms

in

the

field

of

mathematics,so

that

he

may

be

ableto

build

upthe

foundation

of

the

mathematical

subject

and

master

it

well

for

pursuing

advancedstudy.为了打好数学基础，掌握好数学以便深造，一个学数学的学生必须熟悉和牢记数学中所有的符号，通晓定义、公式以及术语。一、长难句的翻译长难句的翻译倒译法次序的处理

This

is

why

the

hot

water

system

in

a

furnace

will

operate

without

the

use

of

a

waterpumpif

the

pipes

are

arranged

so

that

the

hottest

water

rises

while

the

coldest

water

rundown

again

to

the

furnace.如果能把管子装成让最热的水上升，最冷的水流下回到锅炉去，那么锅炉中热水系统不用水泵就能运转，其道理就在于此。

一、长难句的翻译翻译采用短句长难句的翻译结构的处理

有些长难句中介词短语等修饰词与主句的关系不十分密切，可遵照汉语多用短句的习惯，将它们译成短句分开叙述。一、长难句的翻译翻译采用短句长难句的翻译结构的处理The

laser,its

creation

is

thought

to

be

one

of

today’swonders,is

nothing

more

thana

light

that

differs

from

ordinary

lights

only

in

that

it

is

many,many

times

more

intense

andso

can

be

applied

in

the

field

that

no

ordinary

light

has

ever

been

able

to

penetrate.激光的发明虽然被认为是当代的一个奇迹，其实它也就是一种光。这种光不同于普通的光，由于它比普通的光强烈许多倍，因而能够应用于普通光无法穿透的地方。一、长难句的翻译压缩句子，用词或短语代替长难句的翻译结构的处理With

radar,we

can

"see"

things

at

a

great

distance

and

it

shows

us

how

far

away

theyare,in

which

direction

they

lie,and

what

movements

they

are

making.有了雷达，我们就能“看到”远方的物体，雷达还能向我们指明这些物体的距离、方位和运动方式。一、长难句的翻译压缩句子，用词或短语代替长难句的翻译结构的处理For

use

where

small

size,light

weight

and

portability

are

highly

desirable,transistorizedoscilloscopesare

preferred

over

vacuum-tube

types.在应用中如果需要体积小、重量轻和携带方便，那么采用晶体管示波器比采用电子管优越。一、长难句的翻译综合法长难句的翻译The

efforts

that

have

been

made

to

explain

optical

phenomena

through

the

hypothesisof

a

medium

having

the

same

physical

characteristics

as

an

elastic

solid

body

led,in

the

first

instance,to

the

understanding

of

a

concrete

example

of

a

medium

that

can

transmit

transversevibrations,and

at

a

later

stage

to

the

definite

conclusion

that

there

is

no

luminiferous

mediumhaving

the

physical

character

assumed

in

the

hypothesis.为了揭示光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物体的介质。这种尝试的结果